Use Of Sol-gel Technique Research Articles

Synthesis, characterization, mechanical and magnetic characteristics of Gd3+ /PO4 3 - substituted zircon for application in hard tissue replacements.

The study reports on the use of sol-gel technique to yield zircon type [Zr(1-0.1-x) GdxTi0.1 ] [(SiO4 )1-x (PO4 )x ] solid solution. Titanium has been used as a mineralizer to trigger zircon formation while equimolar concentrations of Gd3+ and PO4 3- were added to determine their accommodation limits in the zircon structure. The crystallization of t-ZrO2 as a dominant phase alongside the crystallization of m-ZrO2 and zircon were detected at 1200°C while their further annealing revealed the formation of zircon as a major phase at 1300°C. Heat treatment at 1400°C revealed the formation of zircon-type solid solution [Zr(1-0.1-x) Gdx Ti0.1 ][(SiO4 )1-x (PO4 )x ] comprising the accommodation of 10 mol.% of Gd3+ /PO4 3- at the zircon lattice. Beyond 10 mol.% of Gd3+ /PO4 3- , the crystallization of GdPO4 as a secondary phase is noticed. Structural analysis revealed the expansion of zircon lattice due to the simultaneous occupancy of Gd3+ /PO4 3- for the corresponding Zr4+ /SiO4 4- sites. The mechanical strength of single-phase zircon solid solution was higher in comparison to that of multiphase materials, namely in the presence of GdPO4 formed as a secondary phase in samples with added equimolar Gd3+ /PO4 3- contents beyond 10 mol.%. Nevertheless, the paramagnetic behavior of the samples demonstrated a steady surge as a function of enhanced Gd3+ content.

Facile Synthesis of SiO₂/CMC/Ag Hybrids Derived from Waste Biomass (Sugarcane Bagasse) Having Special Medical Application.

This research is focused on the use of sol gel technique to synthesize amorphous SiO₂ hybrids derived from lab made CMC (made from sugarcane bagasse) and tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) comprising silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs). The dominant absorption peak in the order of 425 nm confirms the presence of Ag-NPs hybrid group owing to the surface Plasmon resonance (SPR). Ag-NPs hybrid characterization of was performed by Ultra violet-visible spectra (UV-Vis), Scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Particle size analyser (PSA), Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The antibacterial action of Ag-NPs in contrast to Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli) (ATCC 433) and Gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis) (ATCC 1688) was analyzed by using the method of agar disk diffusion technique. Ag-NPs hybrids extracted from lab-made CMC confirm higher adverse bacterial action through Gram-positive bacteria as well as Gram-negative bacteria related to synthetic CMC acquired from the market.

Electrical and Structural Diagnostics of Barium Strontium Titanate (BST) Thin Films

ABSTRACTThe properties of radio frequency, rf magnetron sputtered Barium Strontium Titanate (Ba1-xSrxTiO3), BST, thin films were investigated and compared with BST thin films deposited by sol-gel method with the aim of determining relationships between the oxide deposition parameters, the film structure, and the electric field dependence. This work presents noncontact electrical characterization of BST films using Corona Kelvin metrology (C-KM) which has been employed earlier only in the silicon industry. The films were structurally characterized using thickness profilometer, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) techniques. The use of sol-gel technique to fabricate small area metal-insulator-metal (MIM) structures is found to be beneficial from the point of saving fabrication time and production costs.

Spectroscopic Study of Autocombustion Process in the Synthesis of Nano Particles of Ni–Cu Ferrite

The size of nano particles of ferrites synthesized using low-temperature procedures is sensitive to the chemical reactions. At times, the intermediary stages of chemical reactions remain subtle. It is because of the rate of reactions being fast. Some chemicals which take part in the reaction are playing an autocatalytic role. The understanding of the role played by such reactants is essential for having the control on the reaction and growth size of the particles of the product. FTIR spectroscopic analysis along with DTA can play still a substantial role in the synthesis of nano particles. In this article, the successful use of sol-gel technique with citric acid as the catalysis is analyzed using FTIR and TGA. The individual stages of reaction are explained.