Use Of Sodium Ascorbate Research Articles

Influence of the Use of Irrigation Solution Inhibitors in Improving Dentine Adhesion: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

This systematic review examined the effect of neutralizing agents on bond strength after irrigation with sodium hypochlorite and their existing protocols in literature. This present study adhered to the PRISMA guidelines and was registered at PROSPERO. Five electronic databases were searched (sept-2020/jan-2021) in English, Spanish, and Portuguese, without any restrictions on publication date. Cases reports, editorials and literature reviews were not included. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration tool. From the initial 7,147 studies, 2,745 were removed as duplicates and 4,382 were excluded after a title/abstract screen. Seventeen in vitro studies were included. The results showed that the higher the concentration of sodium hypochlorite, the lower the bond strength at dentine/restoration interface (p⟨0.01). Among the studies, sodium ascorbate was the most widely used neutralizer and showed the most significant results in increasing bond strength (p⟨0.01). The bond strength values were found to increase with longer application time of the neutralizing substances (p⟨0.01). The use of sodium ascorbate as a neutralizing agent can reverse the negative effects of the sodium hypochlorite and improve the bond strength between dentine and resin cement, however, it isn't possible to determine the best protocol for use.

Does the Elapsed Time from Bleaching and the Use of Sodium Ascorbate Influence the Bond Strength of Resin Cement to Bleached Enamel?

The objective of this study was to evaluate different delaying times after bleaching and the use of different sodium ascorbate (SA) concentrations (10% and 35%) in the bond strength of adhesive cementation to enamel. This study used 54 sound bovine incisors, which were randomly assigned to the following groups: G1 (unbleached/control+ adhesive cementation (AC)); G2 (bleached + AC after 7 days); G3 (bleached + 10% SA + AC after 24 h); G4 (bleached + 10% SA + AC after 7 days); G5 (bleached + 35% SA + AC after 24 h); and G6 (bleached + 35% SA + AC after 7 days). After bleaching, G3, G4, G5, and G6 received an application of SA before the cylinders build up with RelyX Veneer cement. The samples were subjected to microshear test, and the results were analyzed by two-way ANOVA with Tukey's post hoc test. Group one presented the highest mean bond strength (19.1 MPa) and G3 the lowest (16.96 MPa). There was no statistical difference between the groups tested (p ˃ 0.05). The fracture pattern observed was predominantly mixed. The adhesive cementation may be performed 24 h after bleaching when SA (10% or 35%) is used or after 7 days, without compromising bond strength.

Unlocking the Stability of Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanosheets in Biological Media via Use of Sodium Ascorbate

AbstractGraphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide (RGO) are carbon bidimensional nanomaterials largely exploited in biomedicine. Their unique interactions with eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells are used to obtain precise intracellular delivery, to create device coatings, and to design theranostic materials for both therapeutic and imaging applications, mainly in the cancer research field. It is known, however, that the hydrophobic behavior of RGO limits its stability in biological media. Here, the employment of sodium ascorbate (NaA) as a reducing agent for the preparation of RGO to provide a nanomaterial with remarkable suitability for applications in cell culture media is proposed. It is demonstrated via a combined experimental and theoretical approach that NaA is able to yield a peculiar RGO derivative, exerting a twofold effect, that is, C sp2 network restoration upon epoxide reduction and RGO edge functionalization via H‐bonding, lending RGO a so far unexampled dispersibility in aqueous‐based media. The kinetic stability of the bidimensional layers of RGO obtained from NaA is demonstrated together with its superior biocompatibility for drug delivery, unlocking outstanding potentialities for biological applications.

The effects of nitrite, sodium ascorbate and starter culture on volatile compounds of a semi-dry fermented sausage

This study investigated the effects of nitrite level (0, 50, 100 or 150 mg/kg), sodium ascorbate (with or without) and starter culture (Lactobacillus plantarum GM77 + Staphlyococcus xylosus GM92 or without starter culture) on the volatile compounds of heat-treated sucuk, a type of semi-dry fermented sausage. The volatile compounds of each final product were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) with solid-phase microextraction (SPME). Aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons, alcohols, aldehydes, esters and terpenes were not affected by sodium ascorbate. 3-hydroxy 2-butanone was significantly affected by the nitrite level. Starter culture addition reduced the hexanal level. The starter culture also resulted in a decrease in diallyl disulfide in heat-treated sucuk. The use of sodium ascorbate lowered the 2- pentyl-furan, butanoic acid and propanoic acid level. According to PCA results, the nitrite level of 100 mg/kg was the most associated with volatile compounds than with other treatments.

Inactive dry yeast to improve the oxidative stability of Spanish dry-fermented sausage “salchichón”

The use of inactive dry yeasts (IDY) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a natural alternative to sodium ascorbate to inhibit the oxidation reactions of Spanish dry-fermented sausage “salchichón” was studied. Control sausages and those treated with different IDY concentrations were monitored and analyzed at 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28 d throughout the ripening process. The application of IDY (1.5 and 3 g/100 g) did not affect the physicochemical parameters and microbial counts over time. However, IDY addition achieved a more stable phenolic content, antioxidant activity of samples was increased, and a lower lipid and protein oxidation were observed compared to the use of sodium ascorbate. Likewise, sausages with 3 g/100 g IDY showed similar or lower quantities of volatile compounds related to lipid oxidation at the end of ripening than those elaborated with sodium ascorbate. From a sensory point of view, IDY addition provided bread/yeast and sweet notes to sausages. However, consumers did not find differences among samples in a hedonic ranking test. Therefore, IDY could be employed in “salchichón” as natural preservatives providing pleasant sensory attributes to the product.

Is α-Tocopherol or Sodium Ascorbate Effective as Antioxidant on Fracture Resistance of Bleached Teeth?

To evaluate the effect of two antioxidant formulations (sodium ascorbate and α-tocopherol) on fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth. Sixty human premolars were endodontically treated and divided into six groups (n = 10): G1 (negative control)-unbleached and restored with composite resin; G2 (positive control)-bleached in three sessions, using hydrogen peroxide (15 H2O2) plus titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles, photoactivated by LED laser system and restored with composite resin; G3-bleaching similar to G2, after the use of 10% sodium ascorbate gel for 24 hours and restored with composite resin; G4-similar to G3, but with the use of 10% sodium ascorbate solution and restored with composite resin; G5 and G6-similar to G3, but with the use of 10% α-tocopherol in alcohol or carbopol, respectively, and was also restored. A mechanical fracture resistance test was performed and the Kruskal-Wallis test was used to evaluate the results (α = 0.05). No statistical difference was observed in fracture resistance between groups (p > 0.05). Regarding the antioxidant and pharmaceutical formulation applied, no statistical difference was detected in any comparison (p > 0.05). The frequency of fractures considered favorable was higher in G1 and G3 compared to the other groups. The endodontically treated teeth bleached with 15 H2O2 plus TiO2 nanoparticles and photoactivated with the LED laser did not decrease the fracture resistance and the use of sodium ascorbate or α-tocopherol did not increase the crown fracture resistance. The literature reports a significant reduction in the bond strength of restorations on the bleached dentin. Therefore, the use of antioxidant agents may have a promising effect on fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth.

Nitrosamine formation in a semi-dry fermented sausage: Effects of nitrite, ascorbate and starter culture and role of cooking

In this study, effects of ingoing nitrite level (0, 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg), use of sodium ascorbate, addition of starter culture (Lactobacillus plantarum GM77 + Staphylococcus xylosus GM92) and cooking level (control, medium, medium well, well done and very well done) on nitrosamine formation in heat-treated sucuk, a type of semi-dry fermented sausage, were investigated. The use of ascorbate had no significant effect on NDMA (N-Nitrosodimethylamine) and NPIP (N-Nitrosopiperidine) contents in the presence of starter culture. A higher NPYR (N- Nitrosopyrrolidine) content was detected in the group with starter culture at 150 mg/kg nitrite level in comparison to the group without starter culture. Cooking level affected all identified nitrosamines very significantly. Ingoing nitrite level × cooking level interaction was only effective on NPIP and advanced cooking levels (well done and very well done) at higher ingoing nitrite levels (100 and 150 mg/kg) resulted in significant increases in NPIP content.

Oak wood extracts as natural antioxidants to increase shelf life of raw pork patties in modified atmosphere packaging

The use of antioxidants and refrigeration storage in modified atmosphere packaging, MAP, are the main strategies to slow down the oxidative and microbial deterioration of fresh meat. Synthetic antioxidants are commonly used for this purpose, however due to their controversial health effects, natural alternatives for their replacement are being looked for. The main aim of this work is the evaluation of pressurised aqueous extracts from oak wood as natural preservative of pork patties. The effect of different amounts of oak wood extracts (0.05, 0.5 and 1.0%) on the self-life of pork patties packed in MAP in refrigeration during 12 days were studied in comparison with the use of sodium ascorbate as synthetic preservative. Samples treated with oak wood extracts showed lower lipid oxidation, higher antioxidant capacity and an inhibitory effect on the enterobacteria growth. Furthermore, the addition of oak wood extracts resulted in a dramatically decrease of the volatile compounds coming from the lipid oxidation reactions. On the other hand, it is noteworthy that the use of oak wood extracts modified sensorial characteristics. Intensity colour was higher and new sensorial features such as oak wood and sweet spices appeared which were well appreciated.

Sodium ascorbate use in bleached teeth

OBJECTIVE: Tooth bleeching is a routine intervention in dental office, to be effective in removing stains and browning that compromise the aesthetics of smile. Sometimes there is a need of complementing with composite restorations, but for the use of these requires a certain waiting time. Thus, use of antioxidants such as sodium ascorbate increases the bond strength values due to removal of residual oxygen hinder polymerization. This study examined the use of sodium ascorbate as measure to allow for immediate adhesive restorations after bleaching procedures in vital teeth.METHODS: For that, they consulted national and international studies published between 1973 and 2015 available in Scielo, VHL and PubMed platforms.CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that sodium ascorbate has clinical relevance, but its use should be performed with caution, necessitating further investigation. The fact that in some studies its application introduced effective can not be attributed to factors inherent in the methodology.

Effect of sodium ascorbate and sodium nitrite on protein and lipid oxidation in dry fermented sausages

The effects of sodium nitrite and ascorbate on lipid and protein oxidation were studied during the ripening process of dry fermented sausages. Samples were taken at day 0, 2, 8, 14, 21 and 28 of ripening to assess lipid (malondialdehyde) and protein (carbonyls and sulfhydryl groups) oxidation. Sodium ascorbate and nitrite were separately able to reduce the formation of malondialdehyde. Their combined addition resulted in higher amounts of carbonyl compounds compared to their separate addition or the treatment without any of both compounds. Moreover, sodium nitrite limited the formation of γ-glutamic semialdehyde whereas sodium ascorbate showed a pro-oxidant effect. A loss of thiol groups was observed during ripening, which was not affected by the use of sodium ascorbate nor sodium nitrite. In conclusion, sodium nitrite and ascorbate affected protein and lipid oxidation in different manners. The possible pro-oxidant effect of their combined addition on carbonyl formation might influence the technological and sensory properties of these products.

The effect of irrigation solutions with or without sodium ascorbate on the microleakage of class II composite restorations

To compare the effects of four different irrigation solutions [sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), chlorhexidine (CHX), and sterile saline] on the microleakage of class II composite restorations. The effects of the four irrigation solutions individually and in combination with sodium ascorbate on the microleakage of class II composite restorations were also investigated. A total of 180 permanent molar teeth were used, and class II cavities (3 mm wide × 1.5 mm deep) with gingival margins ended 1 mm below the cementoenamel junction were prepared and divided randomly into nine groups ( n = 20 in each group). The four different irrigation solutions with or without sodium ascorbate were used and applied in this study. All of the groups were restored using Filtek P60. The specimens were thermocycled between 5°C and 55°C with 30-second dwell times for 5000 cycles. The samples were then immersed in 0.5% methylene blue dye for 24 h and sectioned longitudinally. Dye penetration at the occlusal and gingival margins was quantified by stereomicroscopy at ×15 magnification. Use of the NaOCl solution caused greater microleakage than the other irrigation solutions on the gingival surfaces, whereas use of sodium ascorbate reduced the microleakage. When NaOCl is used as the canal irrigation solution, subsequent use of sodium ascorbate may reduce the microleakage.

Scientific Opinion on the use of sodium ascorbate as a food additive in vitamin D preparations intended to be used in formulae and weaning food for infants and young children

Scientific Opinion on the use of sodium ascorbate as a food additive in vitamin D preparations intended to be used in formulae and weaning food for infants and young children

Fracture Resistance of Endodontically-treated Teeth: Effect of Combination Bleaching and an Antioxidant

This in vitro study assessed the fracture resistance of endodontically-treated teeth undergoing combination bleaching with 38% and 9.5% hydrogen peroxide gels as in-office and at-home bleaching techniques, respectively. In addition, the effect of an antioxidizing agent, sodium ascorbate, was investigated. Sixty maxillary premolars were endodontically-treated, received a glass ionomer barrier as a mechanical seal and were embedded in acrylic resin up to the cemento-enamel junction. The specimens were divided into four groups (n = 15) as follows: G I: no bleaching, access cavity restored with resin composite (negative control); G II: bleached for three weeks daily using 9.5% hydrogen peroxide for two hours and three sessions of in-office bleaching using 38% hydrogen peroxide every seven days, then restored (positive control); G III: bleached similar to G II and restored after one week; G IV: bleached similar to G II, along with the use of an antioxidizing agent for 24 hours, then restored. In each in-office and at-home bleaching session, the whitening gels were applied to the buccal surface of the tooth and placed inside the pulp chamber (inside/outside bleaching technique). Finally, the specimens underwent fracture resistance testing; the data were analyzed using ANOVA and Scheffé's test (alpha = 0.05). Significant differences were observed among the study groups (p < 0.05). Groups I and II demonstrated the highest and lowest fracture resistance, respectively. The samples that were not bleached (Group I) and the 10% sodium ascorbate gel group (Group IV) demonstrated significantly higher fracture resistance than the positive control group (p < 0.05). No significant differences were found between Groups III and II (p > 0.05). Within the limitations of the current study, it can be concluded that the fracture resistance of endodontically-treated teeth decreases after combination bleaching. The use of sodium ascorbate can reverse decreased fracture resistance.

Effect of antioxidants on captopril floating matrices

Stability of captopril in a controlled release formulation has been a challenge for some time. The sustained release of captopril from floating matrices has been studied varying the antioxidant load, the sodium bicarbonate proportion and the compaction pressure. Although in many cases the effect of compaction pressure remains hidden, actual results show that matrices compacted at 55 MPa have smaller density and float in the dissolution medium while those compacted at 165 MPa float only adding sodium bicarbonate. The increase of compaction pressure reduces the hydration volume and increases the time necessary to attain its maximum. These changes are attributed to lower matrix porosity and to the consequent diminution of water and drug transport. Increasing ascorbic acid proportions increase the matrix hydration volume and the drug released. The use of sodium ascorbate and the substitution of 15% polymer with sodium bicarbonate reduce the matrix hydration volume, shorten the matrix hydration process and increase the drug released. This is attributed to carbon dioxide bubbles that decrease the matrix coherence and expand the matrix volume, facilitating drug dissolution and only a limited further matrix expansion. The antioxidant protection provided by sodium ascorbate was lesser of that of ascorbic acid because of greater molecular mass and lesser release rate.

Effect of antioxidants on captopril floating matrices.

Stability of captopril in a controlled release formulation has been a challenge for some time. The sustained release of captopril from floating matrices has been studied varying the antioxidant load, the sodium bicarbonate proportion and the compaction pressure. Although in many cases the effect of compaction pressure remains hidden, actual results show that matrices compacted at 55 MPa have smaller density and float in the dissolution medium while those compacted at 165 MPa float only adding sodium bicarbonate. The increase of compaction pressure reduces the hydration volume and increases the time necessary to attain its maximum. These changes are attributed to lower matrix porosity and to the consequent diminution of water and drug transport. Increasing ascorbic acid proportions increase the matrix hydration volume and the drug released. The use of sodium ascorbate and the substitution of 15% polymer with sodium bicarbonate reduce the matrix hydration volume, shorten the matrix hydration process and increase the drug released. This is attributed to carbon dioxide bubbles that decrease the matrix coherence and expand the matrix volume, facilitating drug dissolution and only a limited further matrix expansion. The antioxidant protection provided by sodium ascorbate was lesser of that of ascorbic acid because of greater molecular mass and lesser release rate.

Comparison of the Effect of Hydrogel and a Solution of Sodium Ascorbate on Dentincomposite Bond Strength After Bleaching

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of solution and different sodium ascorbate hydrogels on dentin-resin composite shear bond strength subsequent to a bleaching procedure with 10% carbamide peroxide. Sixty buccal dentin surfaces obtained from intact human third molars were randomly divided into five groups (n=12). Dentin surfaces received different treatments: (1) no treatment; (2) bleaching (10% carbamide peroxide gel); (3) bleaching + 10% sodium ascorbate solution; (4) bleaching + 10% sodium ascorbate hydrogel, and (5) bleaching + 20% sodium ascorbate hydrogel. Dentin surfaces were bonded with Single Bond and restored with a composite (Z100). The samples were tested for shear bond strengths. Data was analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey tests. Significantly higher bond strengths were observed subsequent to treatment with hydrogel and solution forms of sodium ascorbate (p<0.05). No significant differences were demonstrated between different forms of sodium ascorbate preparations. In addition, no significant differences were observed among groups with antioxidant treatment (Groups 3, 4, and 5) and Group 1 (no treatment). Reduced bond strength to bleached dentin can be amended by the use of sodium ascorbate as an antioxidant. Both hydrogel and solution forms of sodium ascorbate can significantly improve the reduced bond strength of resin composite to dentin subsequent to a bleaching procedure with 10% carbamide peroxide.

Effect of Sodium Ascorbate and Sodium Nitrite on Toxin Formation of Clostridium botulinum in Wieners

Toxin production by Clostridium botulinum was inhibited by sodium nitrite levels above 50 μg/g of wiener. Sodium ascorbate at levels of 105 and 655 μg/g of product did not decrease the effectiveness of the sodium nitrite inhibition, nor did sodium ascorbate potentiate it. The results indicate that the use of sodium ascorbate in vacuum-packaged wieners does not appreciably alter the inhibition of C. botulinum toxin formation by sodium nitrite.

Effect of Sodium Ascorbate and Sodium Nitrite on Toxin Formation of Clostridium botulinum in Wieners

Toxin production by Clostridium botulinum was inhibited by sodium nitrite levels above 50 mug/g of wiener. Sodium ascorbate at levels of 105 and 655 mug/g of product did not decrease the effectiveness of the sodium nitrite inhibition, nor did sodium ascorbate potentiate it. The results indicate that the use of sodium ascorbate in vacuum-packaged wieners does not appreciably alter the inhibition of C. botulinum toxin formation by sodium nitrite.