Use Of Situational Information Research Articles

Research on Situation Assessment of Short-range Air Combat with Adaptive Variable Weight

Aiming at the problem of poor information dynamics caused by the summation of constant weight in traditional air combat situation assessment is not flexible enough, based on the variable weight theory, the traditional method is improved, and an adaptive variable weights method for the situation assessment of short-range air combat is proposed. Based on the characteristic of air combat situation, the weight of situation assessment index is adjusted dynamically with the change of situation type. By making full use of situation information, this paper describes the contribution of indicators to situation value under different situation types. The feasibility and effectiveness of this method in air combat situation assessment are verified by real air combat data simulation experiments. The simulation results show that compared with the traditional evaluation method, the adaptive variable weight assessment method is more consistent with the actual situation of air combat situation change.

상황 정보를 활용한 동영상 문맥 광고

동영상 데이터 서비스가 나날이 증가함에 따라 특정 동영상 장면에 적합한 광고를 보여주거나 추가적인 정보를 제공하려는 요구가 커지고 있다. 장면에 적합한 광고를 보여주기 위하여 동영상의 영상이나 음성 정보를 직접 이용하는 방법은 현재의 기술력으로 한계가 있고, 제목, 카테고리 정보, 요약 등의 메타데이터도 계속해서 변화하는 장면의 내용을 반영하지 못한다. 본 연구는 동영상의 대본 자막에서 추출한 장면의 상황 정보를 이용하여 주어진 동영상 장면에 적합한 광고를 자동으로 부착해 주는 새로운 동영상 문맥 광고 시스템을 제안한다. 대본 자막에서 추출한 상황 정보를 광고 검색에 이용했을 때 높은 성능 향상을 확인할 수 있었고, 이를 이용하여 사용자에게 더 적합한 광고를 보여줄 수 있다. With the rapid growth of video data service, demand to provide advertisements or additional information with regard to a particular video scene is increasing. However, the direct use of automated visual analysis or speech recognition on videos virtually has limitations with current level of technology; the metadata of video such as title, category information, or summary does not reflect the content of continuously changing scenes. This work presents a new video contextual advertising system that serves relevant advertisements on a given scene by leveraging the scene's situation information inferred from video scripts. Experimental results show that the use of situation information extracted from scripts leads to better performance and display of more relevant advertisements to the user.

Neural bases of situational context effects on social perception

Neural bases of situational context effects on social perception

Methodological considerations in analysing anaesthetists' habits of action in clinical situations

Human activity can be seen as an intentional, context-dependent enterprise explained through meanings the actors attach to their activity and their directly observable interactions with the environment. The authors have demonstrated previously a new conceptual framework to describe the anaesthetist's activity. One of the central concepts besides orientation is habit of action referring to the way in which the actor has organized his actions when interacting with his environment, in this case a patient with unique physiological potentials, information monitors and anaesthetic drugs. The activity dependent on contingent, particular circumstances, needs to be studied as it appears in a natural situation. Using an idiographic study design the authors have examined the activity of eight expert anaesthetists in clinical settings to determine the characteristics of their habits of action. To capture the fleeting circumstances during the anaesthetic process, a wide observational basis was necessary. It consisted of videotapes, detailed expert observations, and interviews. The conceptual analysis of the subject, habit of action, is described step-by-step. Two distinct habits of action could be identified, confirming earlier results. The interpretative habit of action was characterized by extensive use of situational information in order to construct a cumulative conception of the patient's physiological potentials to control the process accurately. Moreover, rich dialogue between formal professional knowledge and patient-specific, particular knowledge was evident. The reactive habit of action was characterized by a tendency to regulate the process by means of predetermined conventional ranges of measured patient parameters shown by monitors. The authors discuss their methodological solutions and results, and explicate their differences to the earlier approaches.

Analysis of the clinical behaviour of anaesthetists: recognition of uncertainty as a basis for practice

The dynamic complexity of anaesthesia sets specific requirements for the activity of anaesthetists. By exploring the significance given by anaesthetists to their work we have demonstrated a new conceptual framework and confirmed our hypothesis that there are differences in the orientations of anaesthetists, and that these become manifest in different types of clinical behaviour. We describe methods the anaesthetists use in framing the focus of their work, the patient in anaesthesia. The patient's uniqueness and uncertainty in anaesthesia were recognized in the 'realistic' orientation, which is characterized by an extensive use of situational information and an aim to construct a cumulative interpretation of a patient's physiological state. In the objectivistic orientation the patient was treated as a natural object and uncertainty was not recognized. This orientation is typified by a reactive habit of action which seemed to be based on a preoperative plan, and its deterministic implementation. Our results point to the need for a new strategy to cope with the uniqueness and uncertainty of actual problems. This has implications for education and practice in anaesthetic practice, since uncertainty is increasing with the ageing patient population and with implementation of new technology.

Effortfulness and flexibility of dispositional judgment processes.

Two experiments investigated how situational information is used to identify behavior (assimilative identification) and to adjust dispositional inferences from the identified behavior (inferential adjustment). Participants heard an ambiguous or unambiguous evaluation of a job candidate by an evaluator who was under situational pressure to present either a positive or negative evaluation. In Experiment 1 participants were under low or high cognitive load. In Experiment 2 the situational information was either validated or invalidated. Results showed that cognitive load and invalidation eliminated the use of situational information for inferential adjustment. Behavior ambiguity determined the use of situational information for assimilative identification. The results suggest that the use of situational information for assimilative identification is resource independent but inflexible, whereas inferential adjustment is flexible but resource dependent.

TOWARDS THE USE OF SITUATIONAL INFORMATION IN INFORMATION RETRIEVAL

This paper is an exploratory study of one approach to incorporating situational information into information retrieval systems, drawing on principles and methods of discourse linguistics. A tenet of discourse linguistics is that texts of a specific type possess a structure above the syntactic level, which follows conventions known to the people using such texts to communicate. In some cases, such as literature describing work done, the structure is closely related to situations, and may therefore be a useful representational vehicle for the present purpose. Abstracts of empirical research papers exhibit a well‐defined discourse‐level structure, which is revealed by lexical clues. Two methods of detecting the structure automatically are presented: (i) a Bayesian probabilistic analysis; and (ii) a neural network model. Both methods show promise in preliminary implementations. A study of users' oral problem statements indicates that they are not amenable to the same kind of processing. However, from in‐depth interviews with users and search intermediaries, the following conclusions are drawn: (i) the notion of a generic research script is meaningful to both users and intermediaries as a high‐level description of situation; (ii) a researcher's position in the script is a predictor of the relevance of documents; and (iii) currently, intermediaries can make very little use of situational information. The implications of these findings for system design are discussed, and a system structure presented to serve as a framework for future experimental work on the factors identified in this paper. The design calls for a dialogue with the user on his or her position in a research script and incorporates features permitting discourse‐level components of abstracts to be specified in search strategies.

Behavior identification as a mediator of dispositional inference.

According to Trope's (1986) 2-stage model, the use of situational information ("A was teased") to identify behavior ("A reacted aggressively") may result in subsequent dispositional inferences ("A is an aggressive person") that seem insensitive to situational information. Two determinants of the situational biasing effect on behavior identification were varied, namely, behavior ambiguity and order of situational and behavioral information. It was found that when behavior was ambiguous and preceded by situational information, the latter affected behavior identification but not dispositional inference; in contrast, when behavior was unambiguous or when it was followed by situational information, the latter affected dispositional inference but not behavior identification. Thus, the same conditions that allowed situational information to bias behavior identification also nullified the effect of situational information on dispositional inference.

Behavior identification as a mediator of dispositional inference.

According to Trope's (1986) 2-stage model, the use of situational information ("A was teased") to identify behavior ("A reacted aggressively") may result in subsequent dispositional inferences ("A is an aggressive person") that seem insensitive to situational information. Two determinants of the situational biasing effect on behavior identification were varied, namely, behavior ambiguity and order of situational and behavioral information. It was found that when behavior was ambiguous and preceded by situational information, the latter affected behavior identification but not dispositional inference; in contrast, when behavior was unambiguous or when it was followed by situational information, the latter affected dispositional inference but not behavior identification. Thus, the same conditions that allowed situational information to bias behavior identification also nullified the effect of situational information on dispositional inference.

Preschoolers' attributions of the situational determinants of others' naturally occurring emotions.

We conducted this study to examine preschoolers' use of situational information in forming attributions about others' naturally occurring, spontaneous emotions. Preschoolers were observed and interviewed about the reasons for other children's naturally occurring emotional reactions as well as about their own strategies for ameliorating others* negative affect. It was found that preschoolers were accurate in identifying the situational determinants of others' real emotions and that their strategies for remediating negative aflect in others were consistent with the type and attributional basis of the emotion to be altered. Moreover; children used contextual information in significantly different and meaningful ways across and within emotions. For example, children's causal explanations for others' emotional reactions were significantly less likely to be focused on the emitter's behavior for anger reactions, whereas they were significantly less likely to be focused on the eliciter's behavior for sad reactions. The results are consistent with the conclusion that preschoolers are responsive to contextual information in formulating judgments about others' spontaneous emotions and are discussed in terms of current research concerning children's emotional behavior and reasoning.

Children's use of situational information to infer emotion: Understanding emotionally equivocal situations.

Children's use of situational information to infer emotion: Understanding emotionally equivocal situations.

Children's use of situational information to infer emotion: Understanding emotionally equivocal situations.

Children's use of situational information to infer emotion: Understanding emotionally equivocal situations.