Use Of Secondary Resources Research Articles

Aligning practices towards a circular economy in the architecture, engineering, and construction sector: seven transitions in different stages of reconfiguration

The architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) sector is in need of a transition towards a circular economy. This article offers an analysis of two cases with a wide variation regarding project dynamics in the Netherlands. Alignments and misalignments were analyzed between practices concerning seven design strategies for circular design based on social practice theory and concepts from the multi-level perspective. Results show that many misalignments still hinder the transition, mostly concerning the use of secondary resources, such as notions regarding quality, beauty, and safety among project team members or rapid decision-making processes of the municipality that misalign with the uptake of design with secondary resources. This article offers directions for reconfiguration, such as better tuning between project planning and urban planning and taking up a more flexible stance regarding the function of the building. This research is interesting for practitioners and researchers focusing on the transition towards a circular economy in the AEC sector.

Поєднання енерго-ресурсозберігаючих та екологічно безпечних технологій в проєктах ДП «ГИПРОКОКС»

DOI: 10.31081/1681-309X-2024-0-1-21-26 Specialty 161. U.D.C. 621.311 COMBINATION OF ENERGY-SAVING, RESOURCE-SAVING AND ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PROJECTS OF THE SE "GIPROKOKS" © T.F. Trembach, M.V. Mezentseva, I.O. Radychuk (STATE ENTERPRISE "STATE INSTITUTE FOR DESIGNING ENTERPRISES OF COKE OVEN AND BY-PRODUCT PLANTS'' (SE "GIPROKOKS''), 61002, 60 Sumska str., Kharkiv, Ukraine) The article deals with the issues of energy efficiency and implementation of environmental technologies in coke production, which is one of the most energy-intensive and environmentally hazardous, but at the same time has a great potential of fuel and energy resources. The experience and achievements of SE GIPROKOKS in the use of modern technologies aimed at reducing energy and resource consumption, as well as ensuring environmental safety, are reflected. Particular attention is paid to innovative approaches to the development, design and implementation of environmentally friendly technologies in production, which help reduce emissions and negative impact on the environment. The article analyses the application of organisational, technical, design, technological and other energy saving measures in the projects of SE “GIPROKOKS” for metallurgical and coke-chemical enterprises. The most effective of these are technological: improving the quality of coke, what, when used in the blast furnace process, leads to a reduction in energy consumption; using less energy-intensive technologies and secondary energy resources. These technologies primarily include the coal charge stumping technology. Flue gas heat from the coke oven battery heating system has a significant energy potential that is released into the atmosphere, leading to irreversible heat losses and causing a negative impact on the environment. The use of a heat recovery unit with thermal flue gas treatment will significantly reduce emissions of harmful components in flue gases into the atmosphere. In its projects, SE “GIPROKOKS” pays considerable attention to the use of secondary resources generated in coke production processes, which is a vivid example of combining energy-saving, resource-saving and environmentally friendly technologies. Keywords: coke production, secondary products, utilisation, energy saving, resource saving, environmental safety, technological measures. Corresponding author: T.F. Trembach, e-mail: ozos@giprokoks.com

Effective use of secondary resources: Technologies and recycling methods

Effective use of secondary resources: Technologies and recycling methods

OAT GUM: STRUCTURE, PROPERTIES, PRODUCTION, APPLICATION IN THE FOOD INDUSTRY

Oat gum (β-glucan, glycan) belongs to the group of soluble dietary fibers. Due to their important functional properties, cereal β-glucans are used to reduce the level of cholesterol in the blood, alleviate the symptoms of diabetes, lower blood pressure, and prevent cardiovascular and oncological diseases. Sources of β-glucans are yeast, mushrooms, bacteria, barley, oats. The use of secondary resources of barley and oat processing as a source of β-glucans has both economic and environmental significance. Cereal β-glucans consist of β-D-glucose monomers connected by (1,3)- and (1,4)-glycosidic bonds. β-Glucan dissolves well in cold water and is insoluble in ethyl alcohol. It is able to form very viscous solutions at low concentrations. The viscosity of solutions depends on the concentration and molecular weight of β-glucan. The rheological properties of aqueous gum solutions do not depend on the pH of the medium. The presence of NaCl in concentrations of more than 0.5% leads to a decrease in the viscosity of solutions, and the addition of sucrose in the amount of 20-45% increases the viscosity. The technological features of obtaining β-glucans are related to the method of their extraction from natural sources. Extraction of oat gum from oat bran or rolled oats involves alkaline treatment of flour at 50-70 °C and pH 8.0-10.5, removal of starch and proteins, precipitation of oat gum with alcohol and separation by centrifugation. Solubility, degree of extraction, and yield of β-glucan from oats depend on particle size, pretreatment of grain raw materials, and extraction conditions (temperature, pH, extractants). β-Glucan is isolated from the extract by dialysis, ultrafiltration or alcohol precipitation. When using dialysis, highly viscous β-glucan is obtained, but with a lower yield; ultrafiltration and alcohol precipitation allow a higher yield of β-glucan with lower viscosity. Oat gum can be introduced into a wide range of food products to provide new functional properties and improve nutritional quality, includ ng wheat bread, bakery products, cookies, pasta, soft drinks, as a fat substitute in dairy and meat products. It performs the technological functions of a thickener, gelling agent, stabilizer or coating in food systems.

Study of the characteristics of pavement elements made of reinforced soil with the use of secondary resources

The importance of using secondary resources on the basis of industrial waste is understood by both governments of developed countries and business (production of Portland cement using ground metallurgical slag as a mineral additive at Novotroitsk, Magnitogorsk, Sterlitamak, KatavIvanovsk and other plants in the South Urals). The use of secondary raw materials requires the creation of technological infrastructure for processing of secondary raw materials, the costs of which can be quickly recouped due to the cheapness and availability of industrial secondary raw materials and freeing the territory from environmental pollution. In order to recoup the costs of the infrastructure, it is necessary to guarantee full compliance of the quality of pavement elements with the requirements of GOST R 59120-2021. Secondary raw materials have a great variety and laboratory analysis of the quality of pavement elements is required in order to design compositions with the best quality, satisfying all regulatory requirements. In our work the authors present the results of laboratory research and evaluation of the possibility of using clinker-free lime-slag binder based on the mineral product of soda production and metallurgical slags to strengthen and stabilize soils for their use in pavement structures in the construction of roads for various purposes and climatic zones. It is experimentally shown that the addition of lime-slag binder in the amount of 8-10% of the dry weight of both cohesive (loamy soil, loamy sand) and non-cohesive (fine sand) soil allows to obtain reinforced soil with improved strength and elastic-deformative characteristics, which can be used instead of scarce natural crushed stone and gravel in the construction of underlying layers of pavements in the construction and reconstruction of highways. This technology can be used not only in the Russian Federation, but also in a number of other countries, including those with hot dry climates (e.g., the Republic of Egypt).

INFLUENCE OF TECHNOLOGICAL PARAMETERS ON THE COMPOSITION AND PROPERTIES OF PETROLEUM COKE

This study is devoted to studying the complex process of producing coke from heavy oil residues using previously developed experimental approaches and using analytical methods of analysis. The purpose of the study is to produce low-sulfur coke by thermal processing of heavy oil residues in the presence of waste motor oils. The resulting coke was analyzed by various physicochemical methods. The composition and structure of the resulting coke were studied using Raman spectroscopy methods. As a result of the analysis, the predominance of polyaromatic compounds and olefins in the coke composition was revealed. Electron microscopy techniques provided a visual representation of the microstructure and morphology of coke samples obtained both in the presence and absence of a recycling agent. Significant results were obtained by measuring the specific surface area of coke, which highlight the significant influence of temperature fluctuations on its characteristics of coke. It is noteworthy that the specific surface area of micropores varies significantly – from 16 to 600 m2/g. The results of the analysis of sulfur content showed the possibility of its thermal dehydration, which should lead to an improvement in the quality of coke. In addition, it has been shown that conducting the experiment in the presence of a recycling agent significantly increases the yield of coke and opens up prospects for more efficient use of heavy oil residues. Taken together, the results provide valuable insight into the intricacies of producing low-sulfur coke from heavy petroleum residues. In addition to industrial significance, this research also has environmental significance, since it proposes an approach that allows not only to maximize the use of secondary resources, but also to reduce the sulfur content in coke, which will help limit the environmental impact of industrial processes.

Реверсивна логістика в системі логістичного менеджменту: вплив на формування конкурентоспроможності підприємства

In the context of the evolutionary development of the concept of logistics in the enterprise management system, the problem is the incompleteness of the theoretical foundations of logistics activities of enterprises. The terminology of logistics management, description of synergistic relationships between logistics and other activities at an enterprise, assessment of the impact of such relationships on the competitiveness of an enterprise, and study of logistics reserves for increasing the competitiveness of an enterprise (which also include reverse logistics) need to be clarified. In this article, the authors, using a value-based approach, aim to clarify the role of logistics management in the process of forming the competitiveness of an enterprise, and, consequently, in the process of managing the latter. Again, based on the value-oriented approach, the article describes the place of reverse logistics in the structure of logistics management; the principles and advantages of using reverse logistics are summarized. The article considers the relationship between the competitiveness of enterprises, the value chain and consumer value. The structure of benefits that the value chain generates for the end consumer (benefits from ownership of goods, benefits of exchange, benefits of place and time, reputational benefits) is determined, and the role of logistics activities in creating such benefits is shown. In the context of focusing on maximizing consumer value, the necessity of integrating the work of various departments of the enterprise and partner enterprises in the implementation of logistics activities is substantiated. The essence of logistics management as a type of management that focuses on the management of logistics operations based on the formation of cross-functional and inter-organizational integration in order to optimize the functioning of the supply chain, maximize customer value for end users and increase the competitiveness of supply chain participants is disclosed. In the structure of logistics management, the author defines the place of reverse logistics, which is a type of phase logistics activity that creates competitive advantages for partner enterprises by strengthening integration in logistics chains, saving costs through the use of secondary resources in production processes, optimizing inventories, production and trade assortment in relation to current and future demand, and, as a result, maximizing consumer value for end consumers.

Automated Study of Electrophysical Properties of Polymeric and Composite Materials

The use of secondary resources and composites in modern polymer materials would make it possible to reduce the cost and change the physical and mechanical properties of the packaging material. The use of composites to impart new properties to polymers complicates the implementation of technologies for the production of products from them, which prevents the improvement of product quality. This is due to the lack of an accumulated database and methods of predictive determination of the obtained properties of composite materials and polymers produced with the use of secondary raw materials. (Research purpose) The research purpose is testing the methodology of automated determination of electrophysical parameters of polymer and composite thermoplastic materials. (Materials and methods) A resonant method of monitoring the electrophysical parameters necessary for an energy-efficient method of high-frequency electrothermal heating of polymers has been substantiated. We selected and modified with the installation of an automated monitoring and data collection system cumeter with a working chamber from a standard cell, retrofitted with a heating system and thermal insulation. (Results and discussion) The results of the use of an automated process of control and determination of electrophysical parameters of polymer and composite materials based on polypropylene, polyethylene with a composite of titanium dioxide were presented. The method of establishing analytical dependencies for calculating the correction coefficient when calculating the effect of thermal insulation material (dielectric cardboard) and air gap in the working capacitor on the even electrophysical parameters of the polymer and composite under study was shown. (Conclusions) The possibility of conducting automated studies to determine the dielectric properties of polymer and composite materials using the developed automated control system for the process of control, transmission, processing, visualization and storage of information about the dielectric properties of ε, ε», tgδ polymer and composite materials was substantiated. The heating temperature ranges of polymer and composite materials PP H030 GP/3 TS and 1060PE were identified in automatic mode in order to organize the most energy-efficient operating modes of high-frequency electrical equipment.

The research of secondary resources in corn processing

The effective use of secondary resources of corn processing and maximum extraction of components with useful and specific physical and chemical characteristics allow production of innovative national fermented milk products with functional and technological properties of high nutritional value. The purpose of the scientific research was to study the composition of mineral, chemical and biologically valuable substances of raw materials such as fresh roots, grains and stalks of Zea Mays corn. The main direction of the scientific research is the substantiation and selection of secondary raw materials during the processing of corn, which contain biologically active substances of high nutritional value. Creation of scientific bases for designing the composition of multi-component food products and use of non-traditional types of raw materials, improvement of technology is one of the urgent issues of scientific and practical importance. The object of research is the fresh root, grain and stigmas of corn of the genus Zea Mays. Physical and chemical indicators, vitamin and mineral composition were determined during the research. By recycling secondary resources in corn processing, it is possible to obtain an extract with a biologically active substance, and by extracting the most useful components from it, it allows obtaining innovative products with functional properties. Analysis of existing technologies of secondary resources after corn processing clearly shows that none of the available technological solutions ensure the preservation of their integrity and quality. In this regard, the results of the study of physical and chemical indicators, vitamin and mineral composition of the research object contribute to science. From this, it can be concluded that the selected secondary resources can be considered as a source of extraction of a biologically valuable substance with antioxidant properties.

The physiological role of carotenoids and their use in food technologies

Carotenoids are widely used and demanded as natural dyes in food technologies due to their biologically active properties. Due to antioxidant properties, carotenoids are widely used for the prevention and treatment of various human diseases, including oncological, cardiovascular, diabetes, etc. In addition, carotenoids are the main sources of vitamin A, which is not produced by the human body, but has a great influence on eye-sight, growth, development and reproductive function of the body. The purpose of the research is to analyze scientific and technical literature to determine the physiological function of carotenoids and the possibilities of their use in food technologies. Carotenoids enter the human body with food and their presence in sufficient quantities in the human diet ensures the normal functioning of the body. The issues of using lycopine and beta-carotene as food dyes and food additives in food technologies have been considered, as well as biologically active components when creating food products, including specialized, functional and personalized ones.The analysis of scientific information has shown that, due to their biological properties, carotenoids perform an important physiological function in a person’s life. The expansion of the area of their use determines the increase in the production of carotenoids and food using them. In accordance with this, studies in the field of improving existing technologies for obtaining carotenoids and expanding the raw material base are relevant, including the use of secondary resources of processing carotene -containing raw materials.

Modular residential buildings as engineering hybrids

The article discusses the varieties of engineering hybrids - modular residential buildings. The genesis and history of modular housing construction are traced. The advantages and problems of modular housing construction are determined.
 The study identified modern trends in modular construction: 1) the desire for maximum consolidation of construction and structural modules; 2) transition to lightweight structural modules made of wood and metal instead of concrete; 3) implementation of energy-efficient (“green”) and smart technologies, materials and the use of secondary resources in residential modular buildings; 4) striving for maximum variety of modules, apartments and housing types.
 The main feature of modern modular construction in the world is the spread of a new hybrid concept, which seeks to combine the automation of mass production and the unification of elements with “mass individualization” - the variability and diversity of modular elements, apartments and types of housing.
 Modern modular residential buildings include several types and aspects of hybridization:
 - modular construction itself is a hybrid method (combination of traditional on-site construction with production of modules in factory conditions);
 - hybrid energy supply (simultaneous use of traditional and alternative energy sources);
 - use of hybrid materials and enclosing and supporting structures;
 - implementation of the hybrid concept of "mass individualization;
 - functional and typological hybridization – mixed functional use and mixing of established residential typologies in one housing structure (combination of elite and social housing, apartments for students and the elderly, gallery and sectional houses, etc.).

Using the gold bullion slag from Indonesia as lithium resources with HCL leaching method

Primary resources are typically used in lithium extraction. Unfortunately, it impacts the dependency on the availability of primary resources to fulfill the lithium demand. Therefore, the use of secondary resources can be an alternative to using lithium resources. Gold bullion slag is an example of a potential secondary resource used as a lithium source because it contains 0.009 % lithium. This research aims at increasing lithium recovery from the gold bullion slag by studying the effects of various variables to enhance lithium recovery. Lithium extraction was carried out via HCl leaching process with concentrations of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 M at 25, 40, 55, and 70 °C for 15, 30, 60, and 120 minutes. Inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) was used to examine lithium level, whereas scanning electron microscope equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) was used to look over the morphology. The significance of the recovery value was analyzed statistically using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The optimum variables to reach 98 % as the highest lithium recovery percentage are 1 M HCl at 55 °C for 60 minutes. ANOVA results on the acid concentration significance of the recovery value show that the p-value (0.001) is smaller than the alpha value (0.005). While, ANOVA results on the temperature and time significance of the recovery value show that the p-value (0.894) is greater than the alpha value (0.005) and p-value (0.9986) is greater than the alpha value (0.005), respectively. Analysis showed that variation in HCl concentration affected the lithium recovery value; however, temperature and time of leaching had an insignificant effect on lithium recovery. These data show that slag can be used as alternative resources to produce the lithium

PERBANDINGAN KINERJA KEUANGAN PT. KERETA API INDONESIA (PERSERO) PADA SAAT DAN SEBELUM PANDEMI COVID 19 DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN RASIO PROFITABILITAS

This research was conducted with the aim of comparing the financial performance of PT. Kereta Api Indonesia using profitability ratio analysis. The period under study includes 2 years during and before the Covid 19 pandemic, namely in 2018 – 2021. This research was carried out by collecting financial statement data including balance sheets and income statements for 2018 – 2021 which were accessed through the Indonesia Stock Exchange. This research makes use of secondary resources and a descriptive analysis of comparisons. The profitability ratio, which includes the Net Profit Margin, Gross Profit Margin, Return on Assets, and Return on Equity, were employed as an analytical tool in this investigation. A comparison of the company's financial performance before and after the Covid-19 outbreak reveals a considerable difference, as measured by profitability ratios.

ЦИРКУЛЯРНА ЕКОНОМІКА: КОНЦЕПТУАЛЬНІ ОСОБЛИВОСТІ, ПЕРЕШКОДИ ВПРОВАДЖЕННЯ В УКРАЇНІ

The article discusses the factors hindering the development of the circular economy were identified, the systematization of which allowed the author to identify five main groups of such obstacles: sociocultural, legislative, informational, technological and economic. The mentioned obstacles are considered from the point of view of the influence they have on various subjects of such a process: the public sector, the private sector, and society. The expediency of dividing the entire diversity of such factors, within the framework of three different subjects, into three main spheres of manifestation: financial and economic, institutional, and technological spheres is noted. It was concluded that the analysis of such obstacles is important for the development of the circular economy in our country. The transition to a closed-loop economy creates opportunities not only for reformatting the entire logic of value creation, with the motivation of reducing pressure on ecosystems, but a comprehensive shift in favor of longterm sustainability in order to ensure economic, environmental and social benefits. This approach requires the application of progressive innovative solutions at all stages of the product life cycle. The main goal of circular business models is to preserve resources in circulation (cycle) as long as possible, as well as to replace resources that are completely renewable, recycled or biodegradable. Circular business models involve companies in increasing the efficiency of product use and disposal to create new opportunities for resource reuse, product sharing, and optimization of the entire value chain. It has been established that, from the point of view of public administration bodies, the assessment of the significance of such obstacles is necessary both for the formation of resource-efficient state policy and for the identification of levers for increasing interest in the use of secondary resources. For companies that concentrate or process waste, such an assessment will be useful when considering the issue of implementing circular technological cycles. For enterprises that use secondary raw materials and waste in their activities, overcoming barriers is very important for their further development. For consumers who use products from secondary raw materials, this is also very important, because the formation of consumer demand for ecological goods contributes to the formation of an economy that cares for nature, and the everyday choices of millions of consumers significantly affect the environment.

ПРОБЛЕМИ РОЗВИТКУ ЦИРКУЛЯРНОЇ ЕКОНОМІКИ ЯК ФАКТОРУ СТАЛОГО РОЗВИТКУ УКРАЇНИ

The article discusses the factors hindering the development of the circular economy were identified, the systematization of which allowed the author to identify five main groups of such obstacles: socio-cultural, legislative, informational, technological and economic. The mentioned obstacles are considered from the point of view of the influence they have on various subjects of such a process: the public sector, the private sector, and society. The expediency of dividing the entire diversity of such factors, within the framework of three different subjects, into three main spheres of manifestation: financial and economic, institutional, and technological spheres is noted. It was concluded that the analysis of such obstacles is important for the development of the circular economy in our country. The transition to a closed-loop economy creates opportunities not only for reformatting the entire logic of value creation, with the motivation of reducing pressure on ecosystems, but a comprehensive shift in favor of long-term sustainability in order to ensure economic, environmental and social benefits. This approach requires the application of progressive innovative solutions at all stages of the product life cycle. The main goal of circular business models is to preserve resources in circulation (cycle) as long as possible, as well as to replace resources that are completely renewable, recycled or biodegradable. Circular business models involve companies in increasing the efficiency of product use and disposal to create new opportunities for resource reuse, product sharing, and optimization of the entire value chain. It has been established that, from the point of view of public administration bodies, the assessment of the significance of such obstacles is necessary both for the formation of resource-efficient state policy and for the identification of levers for increasing interest in the use of secondary resources. For companies that concentrate or process waste, such an assessment will be useful when considering the issue of implementing circular technological cycles. For enterprises that use secondary raw materials and waste in their activities, overcoming barriers is very important for their further development. For consumers who use products from secondary raw materials, this is also very important, because the formation of consumer demand for ecological goods contributes to the formation of an economy that cares for nature, and the everyday choices of millions of consumers significantly affect the environment.

Challenges and problems of petrochemical companies’ use of secondary resources

The environmental agenda for the development of economic systems necessitates the formation of a market for secondary petrochemical products . A comparative analysis of the policies of sustainable development of petrochemical companies showed that the policy of sustainable development of individual budinesses is currently focused on the use of the following tools : development of the product portfolio , participation in international initiatives , partnerships and forums ; voluntary industry initiatives and private projects to implement the first steps towards the collective goals of sustainable development . Among the main solutions of the reviewed organisations are products made of renewable raw materials and recyclable products . At the same time , the implementation of the responsible production and consumption by petrochemical companies is limited by the production and technological solutions of manufacturers of consumer goods . Environmentally unsustainable use of polymers by such enterprises makes their recycling difficult and limits the implementation of the concept of circular economy in petrochemicals . The article identifies key problems in the management and use of secondary resources : underdeveloped waste market conditions ; uneven scale and geography of waste ; inconsistent and inefficient ( unsystematic ) measures of waste market regulation , difficulties in forecasting prices for key raw materials and building a pricing mechanism in key markets , which are represented by polyethylene terephthalates , high density polyethylene , low density polyethylene and polypropylene . The introduction of chemolysis into the well-established technological processes of oil and gas chemical companies to work with secondary polymers requires an assessment of the acceptable level of risk . The needs of the market on the part of customers are not fully formed , so the dynamic changes , creating difficulties for petrochemical companies . Most of the highlighted problems are typical for both Russian and global markets of secondary petrochemicals . At the same time , the features of state regulation and logistics services for secondary petrochemical products are regional in nature , therefore , they are considered in the work for the conditions of the Russian Federation.

Human Trafficking in Malaysia: The Right of Women and Children (2010-2019)

Human trafficking is gaining attention internationally as a serious human rights violation. Today, almost every nation of the world is affected by human trafficking activities. Cases that are involving women and children trafficking are among the primary concern in Malaysia today. Besides, trafficking in women and children is a violation of human rights, mostly in the forms of sexual exploitation and forced labor. It threatens the security and the socio-economic condition of Malaysia. Human trafficking is commonly occurring within the perimeter of cross borders, it influences high numbers of women and children being trafficked due to poverty or internal unrest. Majority of them are originated from the neighborhood ASEAN member states and Malaysia is seen as a transit country. This paper deliberates on issue of human trafficking in Malaysia. It examines state and international policies towards combatting human trafficking issue in order to seek an adjustable solution. Likewise, it is also regarding the human rights matter due to violations faced by the vulnerable women and children. Finally, it examines the challenges that law enforcements are confronting in combatting human trafficking in Malaysia. The study adopts descriptive qualitative research method through the use of secondary resources. It was found that Malaysia has issues in standardizing clear proceeding to determine the perpetrators of Human trafficked victims. It was proposed that enforcement agents need to be diligently experienced in handling arrest of exploiters of immigrants. Furthermore, it was equally found that Malaysia lacks adequate implementation in the process of protecting the rights of the trafficked victims. The paper proposed some input on adequate strategies for handling human trafficking in Malaysia.

The use of biotechnological approaches to the production of meat products based on the introduction of resource-saving technologies

The current stage of food technology development is associated with ensuring a qualitatively new leap in the efficiency of using the planet's resources for food production. The article suggests ways to improve the quality, reduce the cost, expand the volume and assortment of food produced on the existing agricultural base while simultaneously developing traditional and non-traditional methods of food production. The aim of the work is to develop recommendations for expanding the range of enriched emulsified meat products using composites based on raw materials of vegetable and animal origin. The results obtained during the research positively assess the prospects for using a composite mixture based on ingredients of vegetable and animal origin as part of minced meat for sausage loaves. The developed functional composite mixture can be successfully used in the technology of minced products of a wide range, including enriched and preventive products for the general population, including children, the elderly, etc. The use of secondary resources of the meat processing industry with the use of biotechnological approaches in the production of food systems opens up wide opportunities for increasing the economic stability of production and saturation of the market with food products that meet the needs of the population and greening of the industry. The developed sausage products contain in their composition a sufficiently high amount of proteins with a relatively low fat content. The introduction of protein-carbon composites into the formulation made it possible to enrich products with proteins, dietary fibers, increase nutritional and biological value. Microbiological sausage products met the requirements for products of this group. The products do not exhibit toxic effects on the test object and as a result are harmless to humans.

Industrial waste products based concrete: environmental impact assessment

Improving the environmental situation and obtaining hydration hardening composites with new properties for various operating conditions is possible with the use of secondary resources. The work is dedicated to the criteria study for assessing the hydration hardening binders impact on the environment. The methodological approach to the choice of a functional unit for a carbon footprint comparative assessment of cement is substantiated in the work. The study results of the properties that determine the concrete durability in transport construction and the aggressive environment of livestock farms are presented. Concrete based on Portland cement has the least resistance in the aggressive environment of livestock complexes, the cross-breaking strength of which is almost twice after 150 days of curing. Marginally better resistance coefficient indicators in an aggressive environment have binder compositions based on portland blast furnace slag cement and technogenic raw materials. At the same time, if the process of degradation and decrease in the strength properties of the binder samples on Portland cement is progressive until they are completely destroyed, then in the binder samples on modified technogenic raw materials, the strength characteristics stabilize with time, which indicates the decaying nature of the corrosion process. The investigated slag-alkaline concrete satisfies the requirements for paving concrete and concretes for under-rail structures, since compressive strength and frost resistance were 70 MPa and F600 for granulated blast-furnace slag with a basicity modulus of 0.8; 78 MPa and F700 for granulated blast-furnace slag with alkali-lime index 0.9. These concretes had comparable characteristics to concrete on Portland cement CEM 52.5, for which the values were 60 MPa and F600. The presented results contribute to the development of an ecological approach to making design decisions in construction.

The oretical foundations for managing the use of secondary resources in the context of ensuring economic security

The article clarifies the concept of waste as undesirable residues of substances for which there are no actual and potential uses at the current stage of economic and technological development, and which are planned to be neutralized and disposed of. The principles of managing the use of secondary resources at the present stage are singled out: promoting the increase in the true investment rates of the national economy and increasing the economic efficiency of the enterprise. In order to form a theoretical base in the field of management of the use of secondary resources, the fundamental principles have been determined, which can form the basis for the development of a policy for the management of the use of secondary resources in the Republic of Belarus. Improving the management of the use of secondary resources contributes to the emergence of opportunities for the introduction of new technologies, the development of the intersectoral cooperative potential of the Belarusian economy, which will reduce the consumption of economic resources.