Use Of Rice Bran Oil Research Articles

SC-CO2 extraction of lycopene from red papaya using rice bran oil as a co-solvent lessens its degradation during storage

ABSTRACT Lycopene was extracted from freeze-dried papaya using supercritical carbon dioxide and rice bran oil (RBO) as a co-solvent. Central composite design (Response surface methodology) with five levels of each process variable, i.e. pressure (25–50 MPa), temperature (55–85°C), and extraction time (60–210 min), was used for conducting the experiments. The single optimal point for various response variables was realized at 35.4 MPa, 67°C, and 130 min. Under these conditions, a lycopene extraction efficiency of 79.27 ± 1.69% and a γ-oryzanol content of 11,079 ± 146 mg/L were predicted. The combination of extraction temperature and time beyond 80°C and 180 minutes showed a detrimental effect on lycopene. Furthermore, the storage of extract under no-light conditions showed first-order degradation kinetics with half-life values of lycopene of 42, 24, and 9 days at 3, 10, and 25°C, respectively. Results show that the use of RBO as a co-solvent improved the extraction efficiency and prevented lycopene degradation during extraction and storage.

Improving Stability of Flaxseed Oil by Rice Bran Oil as Source of γ-Oryzanol.

<b>Background and Objective:</b> Rice bran oil (RBO) and flaxseed oil (FSO) are vegetable oils that play an important role in human nutrition. RBO is very rich in γ-oryzanol, which is extracted from the inner husk and seed of the rice. γ-oryzanol is a mixture of natural antioxidant compounds in the RBO. Therefore, the current study aimed at the possibility of using rice bran oil (RBO) to improve the oxidative stability of virgin flaxseed oil (FSO) without synthetic antioxidants. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> Rice bran oil (RBO) has been added into FSO at 500, 1000 and 1500 ppm compared with FSO containing 200 ppm BHT as synthetic antioxidants. <b>Results:</b> The results showed that the use of RBO leads to an increase in the ability to resist against oxidation and it increases with the increase in the amount of RBO addition in the FSO samples, which recorded 7.36, 8.50 and 10.15 hrs for FSRB1, FSRB2 and FSRB3, respectively, while FSBHT (FSO sample contain BHT) recorded 8.40 hrs. <b>Conclusion:</b> The research recommended the addition of RBO as a source of γ-oryzanol to various foods increases the oxidative stability, increases the nutritional and health value of the food.

Effect of using rice bran oil in spreadable fats preparation on quality criteria during cold storage

The current study aims to the possibility of using rice bran oil (RBO) instead of soybean oil (SO) in preparing spreadable fat and its effect on oxidative stability, sensory evaluation and chemical properties during the cold storage period. The results have shown that the use of RBO leads to an increase in the ability to persist against oxidation and increases with the increase in the amount of oil used in the samples with no artificial antioxidants added. Also, no significant differences were noticed between the mean sensory values ​​that were evaluated between the prepared samples and the control sample as well as the commercial sample. The results also showed an increase in free fatty acids (at different rates) in all spreadable fat samples included in the study during the cold storage period. The fatty acids were relatively higher in the case of RBO, and the increase continued gradually throughout the experimental storage period. Also, there was a gradual increase in the peroxide value of the extracted fats during the cold storage period, and then a gradual decrease occurred after that in all treatments except for the commercial sample and the treatment 80% of total fat (used in preparing RBO) as there was no decrease until the end of the storage period.

Efficacy of energy supplementation on growth performance and immune response of suckling pigs.

Three studies were performed to determine the effects of oral energy sources on the performance, immune status, and intestinal morphology of piglets. In Exp. 1, 50 litters were selected based on genotype and parity order to determine the optimum amount of supplemental energy for neonatal pigs. They were distributed according to a 5 × 5 Latin square design, in which columns were represented by 5 sows and rows were represented by 5 newborn weight categories. Treatments consisted of 2 oral doses of 0, 2, 4, 8, or 16 mL of rice bran oil (RBO). There was a positive response of RBO on BW with a numerical difference (P = 0.12) and a significant linear effect (P = 0.04) at weaning. In Exp. 2, litters (n = 340) were randomly allotted to a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments: RBO supplemented either through oral doses (without supplementation or with 2 mL of RBO) or through prestarter feed (without supplementation or with 2% of RBO replacing 2% of soybean oil). Piglets orally receiving RBO showed a numerical increase in BW at weaning (P = 0.101) compared with the control group. Moreover, piglets supplemented by prestarter feed tended to increase feed intake (P = 0.084). In Exp. 3, litters (n = 245) were selected based on genotype and parity order and they were distributed according to a 7 × 7 Latin square design planed in the same way as in Exp. 1. Each neonatal pig within a litter was randomly assigned to 1 of 7 treatments: 1) control (no supplementation), 2) 2 mL of RBO enriched with omega-3 fatty acids, 3) 2.33 mL of pure glycerin, 4) 1.3 mL of soybean oil, 5) 1.4 mL of linseed oil, 6) 1.68 mL of coconut oil, and 7) 2 mL of RBO. Animal performance was analyzed using 2 data sets: all data (average initial BW of 1.479 kg) and low birth weight (LBW) piglet data (≤1.220 kg initial BW with average of 0.985 kg). Body weight or BW gain (BWG) were not different among treatments (P > 0.10) when all data were analyzed. However, LBW piglets fed coconut oil tended to increase BW (P = 0.099) during the first week. In conclusion, the oral use of RBO may increase BW at weaning and the supplementation by prestarter feed may enhance the feed intake of piglets. In addition, coconut oil may increase BW of LBW piglets in the first week of life without affecting mortality, immune response, or gut morphology. The routine practice of oral supplementation of energy for newborn pigs could be an important tool in swine production.

ANALYSIS OF PERFORMANCE AND EMISSION CHARACTERISTICS OF A DIESEL ENGINE FUELLED WITH BIODIESEL

The rapid depletion in world petroleum reserves and uncertainty in petroleum supply due to political and economical reasons along with the sharp escalation in the petroleum prices have simulated the search for alternatives to petroleum based fuels especially diesel and gasoline. Moreover, bulks of petroleum fuels are being consumed by agriculture and transport sector for which diesel engine happens to be the prime mover. Though there are wide varieties of alternative fuels available the research has not yet provided the right renewable fuel to replace diesel. Vegetable oil due to their properties being close to diesel fuel may be a promising alternative for diesel engines. Due to their high viscosity, they cannot be directly used in a diesel engine. Transesterification is one method by which viscosity could be drastically reduced and the fuel could be adopted for use in diesel engine. Present investigation focuses on use of Rice Bran Oil in Diesel engine. Performance and exhaust emission characteristics of the engine have been evaluated. Esterified Rice Bran Oil has exhibited performance very close to that of diesel fuel. In the present work it is observed that, the NOX and unburned hydrocarbon emission decreases and carbon monoxide, particulate emission and smoke intensity increases with the use of biodiesel in diesel engine. When compared to non-esterified Rice Bran Oil, esterified Rice Bran Oil emits less smoke and therefore be regarded as an environment friendly fuel.

The use of rice bran oil within a biorefinery concept

A waste of the rice production chain, namely bran, can be used to produce an oil with a very high content in free fatty acids (FFA). Due to its very high acidity, this material cannot be used neither to feed power generators nor as raw material for oleochemicals synthesis, and therefore it is not even extracted. Rice bran oil with a content of 84 % in free fatty acids can be converted into a mixture of triglycerides or into useful oleochemicals such as monoglycerides, widely used as emulsifiers in food. Monoglycerides were obtained carrying out a one step esterification + transesterification reaction over an amorphous solid acid. Yields are higher than those obtained by enzymatic transesterification of oil and competitive with the esterification of free fatty acids involving the use of homogeneous acids generating significant amounts of wastewaters. On the other hand, esterification with higher amount of glycerol, a low value by-product of the biodiesel industry, gave an oil with low acidity suitable to feed power generators. The use of solid acid catalysts is a valuable tool for the valorization of rice bran oil. The chance to produce a low acidity oil or monoglycerides in one step from RBO may add value to the whole rice productive chain while setting the stage for the design of biorefineries based on the use of agro-industrial residues.

Analysis of Performance and Emission Characteristics of a Diesel Engine Fueled with Biodiesel

The rapid depletion in world petroleum reserves and uncertainty in petroleum supply due to political and economical reasons along with the sharp escalation in the petroleum prices have simulated the search for alternatives to petroleum based fuels especially diesel and gasoline. Moreover, bulks of petroleum fuels are being consumed by agriculture and transport sector for which diesel engine happens to be the prime mover. Though there are wide varieties of alternative fuels available the research has not yet provided the right renewable fuel to replace diesel. Vegetable oil due to their properties being close to diesel fuel may be a promising alternative for diesel engines. Due to their high viscosity, they cannot be directly used in a diesel engine. Transesterification is one method by which viscosity could be drastically reduced and the fuel could be adopted for use in diesel engine. Present investigation focuses on use of Rice Bran Oil in Diesel engine. Performance and exhaust emission characteristics of the engine have been evaluated. Esterified Rice Bran Oil has exhibited performance very close to that of diesel fuel. In the present work it is observed that, the NOX and unburned hydrocarbon emission decreases and carbon monoxide, particulate emission and smoke intensity increases with the use of biodiesel in diesel engine. When compared to non-esterified Rice Bran Oil, esterified Rice Bran Oil emits less smoke and therefore be regarded as an environment friendly fuel.

Rice Bran Oil Compared to Atorvastatin for Treatment of Dyslipidemia in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Objective: To compare the effect of rice bran oil versus statins (atorvastatin drug) on blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C) and serum lipid profiles in patients with type 2 diabetes. The safety of the tested rice bran oil and atorvastatin were investigated. Fatty acids contents of RBO, olive and sesame oil were also assessed.Materials and Methods: Forty four eligible patients with type 2 diabetes and moderately hyperlipidemic were randomly and equally allocated into two groups, rice bran oil (RBO) group and atorvastatin group. The RBO group received a low-calorie diet and consumed 30Â g / day RBO oil as salad dressing and for use as main cooking oil for 6 months. The Atorvastatin group received a low-calorie diet and 40 mg/day of atorvastatin drug for 6 months. At baseline and after 6 months of study intervention, blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), serum lipid profiles; hepatic, renal and inflammatory biomarkers were estimated.Results: Results showed significant increase in fasting and postprandial blood glucose, HbA1C and liver transaminases (alanine transaminase ALT and aspartate transaminase AST) in the atorvastatin group while a significant reduction was shown in RBO group. Moreover, significant reductions in lipid profile levels, blood urea, serum uric acid and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were observed in both RBO and atorvastatin groups after 6 months of the study intervention.Conclusion: The use of rice bran oil together with dietary modifications may have implications in lowering fasting and postprandial blood glucose, suppressing serum lipid levels, reduce the TC/HDL-C ratio and therefore reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease. Moreover, RBO exerts a hypouricemic action and anti-inflammatory effects. The findings obtained from the current study reinforce the use of RBO as an alternative natural potent hypolipidemic agent safer than atorvastatin drug that may induce side effects in some cases in patients intolerant to statins.

Rice Bran Oil Compared to Atorvastatin for Treatment of Dyslipidemia in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Objective: To compare the effect of rice bran oil versus statins (atorvastatin drug) on blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C) and serum lipid profiles in patients with type 2 diabetes. The safety of the tested rice bran oil and atorvastatin were investigated. Fatty acids contents of RBO, olive and sesame oil were also assessed.Materials and Methods: Forty four eligible patients with type 2 diabetes and moderately hyperlipidemic were randomly and equally allocated into two groups, rice bran oil (RBO) group and atorvastatin group. The RBO group received a low-calorie diet and consumed 30Â g / day RBO oil as salad dressing and for use as main cooking oil for 6 months. The Atorvastatin group received a low-calorie diet and 40 mg/day of atorvastatin drug for 6 months. At baseline and after 6 months of study intervention, blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), serum lipid profiles; hepatic, renal and inflammatory biomarkers were estimated.Results: Results showed significant increase in fasting and postprandial blood glucose, HbA1C and liver transaminases (alanine transaminase ALT and aspartate transaminase AST) in the atorvastatin group while a significant reduction was shown in RBO group. Moreover, significant reductions in lipid profile levels, blood urea, serum uric acid and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were observed in both RBO and atorvastatin groups after 6 months of the study intervention.Conclusion: The use of rice bran oil together with dietary modifications may have implications in lowering fasting and postprandial blood glucose, suppressing serum lipid levels, reduce the TC/HDL-C ratio and therefore reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease. Moreover, RBO exerts a hypouricemic action and anti-inflammatory effects. The findings obtained from the current study reinforce the use of RBO as an alternative natural potent hypolipidemic agent safer than atorvastatin drug that may induce side effects in some cases in patients intolerant to statins.

Blood parameters and apparent digestibility of concentrate with rice oil for horses

Apparent digestibility coefficients and serum parameters were measured to evaluate the effect of supplementing feed concentrates with rice bran oil in horses. Twelve horses (6 males and 6 females) with a mean age of 18 ± 4 months old and mean live weight of 306 ± 22.6 kg were used. Treatments consisted of increasing rice bran oil concentrate levels of 0, 3.5, 7.0, 10.5, 14.0 and 17.5%, considering a daily intake of 2.25% live weight on a dry matter basis. A dietary effect of supplementation on the apparent digestibility of gross energy (y = 64.55 - 0.58x) was observed (P<0.05). No effect on the other nutrients was observed (P>0.05). Supplementation did not affect serum glucose levels (P>0.05), but cholesterol was affected (P<0.01) based on the interaction of the treatment x gender parameter in females (y = 73.92 + 2.08x). However, no effect was observed in males (P>0.05). A dietary effect on the triglyceride (y = 15.73 - 0.96x + 0.0524x²) and HDL (high-density lipoprotein) (y = 45.24 + 1.0499x) parameters was observed (P<0.01). While the use of rice bran oil does affect blood parameters associated with lipid metabolism, rice bran oil levels up to 17.5% concentrate do not negatively affect the apparent digestibility of dietary nutrients.

The Use of Rice Bran Oil as a Fuel for a Small Horse-power Diesel Engine

Increasing cost and scarcity of petroleum resources have promoted research in alternative fuels for internal combustion engines. Among various possible options, fuels derived from triglycerides (vegetable oils/animal fats) are promising substitutes of fossil diesel fuels. Vegetable oil poses some problems when subjected to prolonged use in compression ignition engines because of its high viscosity as reported by researchers. In this present research, experiments were designed to study the effect of low viscous rice bran oil on engine's combustion. The viscosity of the oil was reduced by increasing the fuel temperature. A single cylinder, 5 hp, four stroke, constant speed, water cooled, direct injection diesel engine typically used in stationary operation was used for the experiments. The acquired data were analyzed for various parameters, such as thermal efficiency, brake specific fuel consumption, exhaust emission of CO, CO2, HC, and NOx gases. While operating the engine on rice bran oil (preheated and blends), performance was found to be very close to that of mineral diesel for lower blend concentrations. The preheated oil's performance was slightly inferior in efficiency due to low heating value. As for the pollution point of view, it can perform well for the unmodified engine for a long period operation without any ignition problems. People of rural areas can use this for their agricultural engines without modification.

High Free Fatty Acid Crude Rice Bran Oil – A Renewable Feedstock for Sustainable Energy and Environment

AbstractBiodiesel is a renewable fuel mostly derived from vegetable oils, which has gained greater importance as an alternative source to petroleum derivatives due to its vital role in producing a cleaner environment. While most of the biodiesel‐based research has focused on edible and non‐edible vegetable oils, very little time has been devoted to the investigation of the use of rice bran oil, especially in its crude form with high levels of free fatty acids (FFA). Since crude rice bran oil (CRBO) with high FFA is not used as edible oil, it can be considered as a potential source of non‐edible vegetable oil for utilization as a feedstock for biodiesel production. In the present investigation, high FFA CRBO was subjected to esterification and transesterification processes and the crude rice bran oil methyl ester (CRBME) obtained was tested in a compression ignition (CI) engine to determine its ability to replace petroleum diesel and lead to a reduction in pollutants. A 4.4 kW, four‐stroke, direct‐injection, air‐cooled, stationary diesel engine was used in this investigation. CRBME has less emission of unburned hydrocarbon (UBHC), nitrogen oxides (NOx) and smoke density with a marginal increase in carbon monoxide (CO) emissions, when compared with diesel. It was also observed that the brake thermal efficiency of the engine was not affected when the engine was fueled with CRBME. From the experimental results, it is concluded that CRBO with high FFA has better emission characteristics than diesel without any associated loss of power. Hence CRBO with high FFA can be effectively used as a biofuel for the generation of a cleaner environment.

쌀겨, 발효쌀겨 그리고 쌀겨유의 첨가에 따른 제빵특성의 변화

쌀겨와 발효쌀겨, 쌀겨유의 쇼트닝 대체에 따른 제빵특성 변화에 대하여 조사하였다. 빵 반죽에 대한 쌀겨의 첨가는 제빵 후 명도의 감소, 황색도 및 적색도의 증가와 전반적 물성 변화를 가져오나, 5% 정도의 쌀겨 첨가는 쌀겨의 기능성을 가지면서 대조구와 외관 및 물성적으로 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. 효모로 예비 발효한 발효쌀겨의 첨가는 대조구와 큰 차이를 보이지 않으면서 texture 및 풍미가 향상되었다. 빵 반죽에 대한 쌀겨유의 쇼트닝 대체는 첨가 수준이 클수록 반죽 내 비 용적이 감소되었다. 황색의 쌀겨유의 첨가는 반죽의 명도를 낮추고 황색도를 증가시켰다. 또한 쇼트닝의 쌀겨유 대체는 경도, 씹힘성 그리고 부서짐 등의 증가를 가져오는 불리한 점이 있으나, 50% 정도의 쌀겨유 대체는 빵의 물성변화에 있어 대조구와 큰 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 또한 쌀겨유의 대체는 관능평가에서 부피의 상대적 감소 및 경도의 증가로 인한 질감의 저하를 가져오나, 제빵 후 풍미 향상을 유도하는 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과로 볼 때 쌀겨, 발효쌀겨 그리고 쌀겨유의 제빵과정 중 첨가는 빵의 색, 부피 등 외관상 대조구에 비하여 다소 변화를 가져올 수 있으나, 쌀겨 특히, 발효쌀겨의 첨가는 오히려 맛 과 풍미 향상을 가져오는 것으로 사료된다.

Use of rice bran oil and epoxidized rice bran oil in carbon black–filled natural rubber–polychloroprene blends

AbstractIn the present study we report the results obtained on the use of rice bran oil (RBO), a naturally occurring nontoxic oil, and its epoxidized variety (epoxidized RBO, or ERBO) in the compounding and vulcanization of different natural rubber–chloroprene rubber (NR–CR) blends. The processability, cure characteristics, and physical properties of the blends prepared with these oils were compared with those of control mixes prepared with aromatic oil. The optimum cure time and scorch time values of the different blends prepared with these oils were found to be lower than those of the respective control blends prepared with aromatic oil. Evaluation of physical properties of the different experimental blends showed that replacement of aromatic oil with these oils did not adversely affect their physical properties. Because RBO contains a good amount of free fatty acids it was tried as a coactivator in addition to its role as a processing aid. The level of these oils required for the blend preparation was optimized in a Brabender plasticorder. Physical properties such as tensile strength, elongation at break, tear strength, swelling index, and abrasion loss, for example, were evaluated for both experimental and control mixes. Comparison of cure characteristics and physical properties of the blends prepared with aromatic oil and with these oils showed that these oils could be used in place of aromatic oil in the above blends. It is also to be noted that aromatic oil is of petroleum origin and is reported to be carcinogenic. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 4084–4092, 2003

Use of rice-bran oil in the compounding of styrene butadiene rubber

The compounding of rubber involves mixing of activator, co-activator, accelerator, antioxidant, filler, processing aid, vulcanizing agent, etc., to produce the rubber. The replacement of three of the above ingredients by rice-bran oil in the compounding of styrene butadiene rubber has been investigated. The higher fatty acids and phenols present in rice-bran oil act as co-activator and antioxidant, respectively, in the vulcanization process. Addition of this oil together with fillers, also meets the requirement of processing aid. The results obtained were compared with those obtained with reference mixes containing stearic acid, styrenated phenol and aromatic/napthenic oil in carbon-black and silica-filled systems. Evaluation of the cure characteristics of the mixes indicates that substitution of the above ingredients with rice-bran oil did not affect the cure properties. Vulcanizates containing the rice-bran oil also showed physical properties comparable to the reference mixes. Processability studies using a plasticorder also showed similar trends. Considering the fact that rice-bran oil is cheaper than other conventional oils used as processing aids in rubber compounding, this non-toxic natural oil can be advantageously used in rubber product manufacture.