Public Transport Users Research Articles

Analysis Of The Causes Of The Scarcity Of 3 Kg LPG Gas Among The People Of Bengkalis Regency

National security includes needs that are often used in daily life, especially in household matters which cannot be separated from kitchen needs such as 3 kg LPG gas which is widely used by people whose economic levels are at the lower middle level. However, transportation needs cannot be separated from the availability of fuel supplies used as fuel, but what is currently happening is that there is a scarcity of gas and subsidized fuel in the Bengkalis Regency area. Therefore, this research was conducted to find out the causes of this shortage, so that people's needs can be met properly. This research uses a research method with the type of library research, by examining various data and information which will then be analyzed, so that results are obtained which show that the cause of this shortage is not due to supply, but rather access to crossings for vehicles transporting fuel and kg LPG gas. , this is characterized by an increase in queues which continues to increase significantly. This results in all access being delayed for transport vehicles, as well as public transportation users, because vehicles entering and exiting Bengkalis Island to outside the area can only be accessed from the White Water Roro and Selari River crossing ports.

Travel Experience and Reasons for the Use and Nonuse of Local Public Transport: A Case Study within the Community Interregional Project SaMBA (Sustainable Mobility Behaviors in the Alpine Region)

Travel Experience and Reasons for the Use and Nonuse of Local Public Transport: A Case Study within the Community Interregional Project SaMBA (Sustainable Mobility Behaviors in the Alpine Region)

Investigating the relationship of COVID-19 preventive and mitigation measures with mosque attendance in Pakistan.

Social distancing served as a principal strategy to curtail the spread of COVID-19. However, congregational activities in mosques made it challenging to practice social distancing and led to a rapid surge in virus infections in several Muslim countries. This study uses nationally representative cross-sectional data from Pakistan, a Muslim-majority country, to examine the relationship of practicing preventive measures (such as social distancing, wearing mask and hand washing) and mitigation measures (like avoid going to the market, social gatherings, healthcare seeking, use of public transport, and long-distance travel) with mosque visits by utilizing logistic regressions. The results show that individuals adhering to preventive and mitigation measures also avoid visiting mosques and other religious gatherings. From a policy perspective, these results suggest that the government of Pakistan can avoid direct religious confrontation when it needs to minimize mosque visits to curtail the spread of the virus by implementing preventive and mitigation measures.

How to improve public transport usage in a medium-sized city: key factors for a successful bus system

In recent years, the promotion and use of public transport (PT) has become key to overcoming the negative impacts of mobility, such as traffic congestion, high pollution (GHG), and traffic accidents. Improving users’ satisfaction and increasing the attractiveness of buses play an essential role in increasing PT patronage. Whilst most of the literature concentrates on large and complex bus systems, less attention has been paid to European medium-sized cities, the region’s most common urban configuration, where public transport mainly depends on bus services. To this end, a survey campaign was conducted on passengers of urban buses in Oviedo, Spain, a representative medium-sized city. An Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was used to identify key user satisfaction factors. In this case, three factors were the most important: comfort and information, service performance, and integration. That was complemented by the overall satisfaction (OS) with services, which was used for ranking the importance of the factors using an ordinal logistic regression model; comfort and information appear as the most important. These findings can serve bus operators to identify service-related attributes that need more attention or investment to increase users’ satisfaction and to make the service attractive to potential users.

Municipal Transport Route Planning Based on Fair Mobility Budget

Abstract A series of initiatives have been adopted in the European Union to address greenhouse gas emissions and establish a society that is resilient to climate change. In response to these initiatives, the implementation of mobility budgets offers a more precise strategy for addressing carbon footprints associated with travel. Prioritizing localized carbon footprint control, mobility budgets are calculated and customized according to distinct regions, goals, and target demographics. When prioritizing the mobility budget as the central objective in municipal transport route planning, the focus should encompass principles of fairness and equity in travel. This entails considering factors such as accessibility, variety of mobility choices, inclusivity of transportation modes, and social justice. Therefore, this article aims to formulate an enhanced activity modelling methodology that would aid data-driven decision-making in municipal transport route planning, while upholding the principles of travel fairness and equity. Тhe results obtained from scrutinizing data related to public bus services and mobile networks are presented. The evaluation of Jelgava’s city transportation network to facilitate mobility budget reduction is undertaken, and this assessment is based on an analysis of data derived from a survey on public transport use coupled with an examination of the city’s mobility budget. The research presents the communication challenges that municipalities will face in planning and implementing changes that are needed to meet the greenhouse gas emission targets and outlines the possible use of visualization tools for modelling, explanation and communication of scenarios.

Factors influencing technology acceptance for ubiquitous public transportation services in tourism

This article discusses the factors that influence public transport users and the driver’s intentions towards ubiquitous features for public transport services. This study used convenience sampling for selecting tourists and a purposive sample to select bus drivers, taxi drivers, and trishaw pullers in Melaka, Malaysia, a popular tourist destination. The users' dataset contains three main results: factors influencing users' use of public transportation services, levels of user satisfaction with existing public transportation services, and elements influencing how often people choose to use the suggested ubiquitous features for public transportation services. The drivers' dataset, on the other hand, is divided into two primary sections: variables influencing drivers in delivering public transportation services and factors influencing drivers' adoption of the suggested ubiquitous features for public transportation services. The analysis included descriptive statistics on factors influencing users and drivers in using public transportation services, levels of user satisfaction with existing public transportation services, and factors influencing users' and drivers' adoption of proposed ubiquitous features for public transportation services. The findings can be used to investigate the demand for on-time delivery from public transport services.

TREND KESUKAAN PARK AND RIDE DENGAN METODE STATE PREFERENCE

Palembang city government chose light rail transit (LRT) as public transportation to overcome the problem of traffic congestion. However, the use of public transportation in the city of Palembang is not optimal, so traffic jams occur, It is necessary to develop facilities that can attract people's interest in using public transportation. This research uses the Stated Preference Method to determine socio-economic characteristics, travel characteristics, and people's preferences for the development of Park and Ride facilities in Palembang City. The respondents for this research were 100 LRT transportation passengers. From the research results, it is known that the majority of passengers are college students, aged between 19-25 years, with an income of less than IDR 1,000,000 and the reason for traveling is for recreation or entertainment. Based on descriptive analysis to determine respondents' preferences for the development of the Park and Ride concept offered in the Stated Preference Survey, the results obtained from 6 (six) travel scenarios obtained a total of 2400 choices from 100 respondents. Travel by private vehicle (Option A) was chosen 1512 (63%) times, while travel by the Park and Ride system integrated with public transportation was chosen 888 (37%) times.

Assessing the Impact of Public Transportation, Bicycle Infrastructure, and Land Use Parameters on a Small-Scale Bike-Sharing System: A Case Study of Izmir, Türkiye

Many cities in the world have deployed bike-sharing systems (BSS) to promote the use of bicycles. Previous studies analyzed the factors affecting the BSS usage, but these studies were predominantly conducted in cities that already possess well-established bike-sharing systems. However, there is a lack of comprehensive studies focusing on the factors influencing bike usage in cities where 1) bicycle culture is evolving and small-scale BSS is present, and 2) bicycles are not primarily considered as a transportation mode. This study aims to investigate the trip purposes and trip patterns of a small-scale docked BSS operating in Izmir, Türkiye. A two-step process was employed to determine the trip purposes, as cycling for leisure and cycling for transport. Later, ordinary least squares (OLS) and partial least squares regression (PLS) models were generated. The results showed that while the influence of public parks, residential areas and educational areas varied based on trip purpose, public transportation systems, particularly rail transit stations, and car parks appeared to have a more significant impact on transportation-oriented trips. Recommendations will be provided for the development of environmentally more sustainable BSS by accurately placing stations in the future to promote its usage for leisure or transportation purposes.

Effects of proactive and reactive health control measures on public transport preferences of passengers – A stated preference study during the COVID-19 pandemic

The outbreak of COVID-19 has caused unprecedented disruptions to public transportation services, passengers' mode choice preferences, and their behavioral pattern. Recent studies have updated the systemic shift from shared travel to private mode due to the perceived higher health risk of shared mobility. However, findings from these studies may not be applicable to public transport-oriented cities with very low rate of private car ownership. In the long term when we arrive at a stabilized ‘New Normal’, the need to promote public transport is likely to be re-emphasized with high priority. This study presents insights into the factors affecting public transport (PT) preferences and potential modal shifts within various modes of PT when proactive and reactive health control measures are implemented. An online stated preference survey was conducted in Hong Kong, where public buses, public light buses, MTR, and taxis are the popular modes of public transport. The regret-based panel mixed multinomial logit model was applied in this study, aiming to capture individual’s regret aversion psychology in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The results of our random regret model suggest that travelers generally have lower regrets for the chosen mode when having passenger temperature screening, COVID tracing app, and more frequent disinfection, while seem to be unaware of the in-vehicle air quality. Interaction effects between health control measures and personal characteristics (e.g., age and risk attitudes) were also considered. Trip characteristics, including in-vehicle crowding level, fares, in-vehicle travel time, waiting time at a station, walking time, and trip purpose, were found to influence passengers' choices of travel modes. Policy simulations of possible changes in public transport modal preferences in the presence of various health control measures have also been undertaken. The findings suggest that overall health control measures are appreciated by passengers and do align with promotion of a return to public transport use. However, their effects are quite moderate and should be selectively used for different transport modes. Increasing service frequency can be a promising solution, which reduces crowding and waiting time of passengers using public transport modes, and reduces virus transmission risk. This study contributes to a better understanding of public acceptance and preference toward health control measures in public transport, and call for in-depth cost-benefit analysis in the related fields so that better response can be made in possible future public health crisis.

PERSEPSI MASYARAKAT KOTA BOGOR TERHADAP SISTEM PEMBELIAN LAYANAN

The very high number of private vehicles in the city of Bogor will result in traffic congestion and air pollution. This is due to population growth in urban areas every year. In an effort to solve the problem of traffic jams in the city of Bogor, the government is conducting a trial purchase of services. The aim is expected to increase people's use of public transportation, reduce private vehicles, and improve the community's economy. With the purchase of this service, the author aims to find out how the public perceives the purchase of services in the city of Bogor and explains the influence of age, gender, education, occupation, domicile, monthly expenses, and the frequency and choice of public transportation modes on public perceptions regarding BTS services in Bogor city. The author uses a survey method in the form of an online questionnaire as a means of collecting research data. The one-sample t-Test is used as a test method to test the research instrument and is followed by an independent sample t-test method to test the relationship between two populations that have no relationship with one another. Based on the results of the analysis, it can be seen that the majority of people agree with the purchase of this service, which is implemented in the city of Bogor.

PERSEPSI MASYARAKAT TERHADAP KENAIKAN TARIF PARKIR DAN JALAN BERBAYAR ELEKTRONIK DI JAKARTA

The development of tourism in Indonesia is currently being promoted as one of the industries that can increase the Impact of the Increase in Parking Rates in the Revised Pergub 31/2017 on the Acceleration of the Implementation of JBE in Jakarta. JBE and the policy of increasing parking rates are expected to be able to control volume and obtain funds to build public transportation. Knowing the effect of increasing parking rates in Jakarta on the implementation of JBE in Jakarta. In this study, a survey method will be used by creating a questionnaire as a research tool that will be given to users of public and private rental transportation and fellow drivers, or both. And use the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) application to test normality, test validity and test reliability.

Factors that interfere with belief in and adherence to non-pharmacological measures adopted to combat the pandemics - fac-tors against non-pharmacological measures for COVID-19

Non-pharmacological measures are fundamental to combat the pandemics. However, the population’s adherence is necessary in this process and, therefore, knowing their position and impressions about the effectiveness of these measures is fundamental to formulate public policies. Thus, the objective of this study was to collect the opinion of Brazilians about the non-pharmacological measures adopted to combat the COVID-19 pandemic. From March to May 2022, a cross-sectional study was carried out, of the opinion survey type, in which 703 people answered an online questionnaire containing 20 multiple-choice questions. Data were analyzed using BioEstat 5.3, Epi Info 7.2.5, and Open Epi 3.01 software. Being female, having low income, and being a public transport user were factors associated with the requirement of a vaccination card, while having a college degree, having higher income, and being a public transport user were associated with greater confidence in the non-pharmacological measures. On the other hand, not being vaccinated and having a low level of knowledge about the pandemic were factors associated with non-adherence. In the formulation of public policies aimed at controlling the pandemic, the responsible entities must emphasize the importance of non-pharmacological measures, expanding access to information in a safe, clear, and objective way for the Brazilian population.

How crowding impedance affected travellers on public transport in the COVID-19 pandemic

In the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic, travel behaviour has changed significantly. Governors have introduced different transport policies to maintain the travel demand in the public transport system. Previous studies have developed the measurement of crowding impedance on public transport to determine the degree of transit use and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study explores the behavioural differences in crowding impedance to provide transport policies incorporating group segmentations. The D-efficient design process has structured a survey with a reasonable choice set, and questionnaires have been provided to identify the attitudinal groups of travellers effectively. The travellers are divided into four groups according to the values of factor loadings from the factor analysis: i.e., fear of disease, transit preference, time sensitivity, and auto preference. Multinomial logit models explore the behavioural differences in route and mode choices and calculate crowding multipliers. The results show that the group with a fear of disease comprises a high proportion of the elderly owing to their reluctance to expose themselves to infectious diseases; furthermore, the time-sensitive group exhibits less crowding impedance on public transport. Thus, the crowding multipliers differ between the groups and influence the relevant transport policies to promote public transport use. Policymakers are encouraged to introduce customized transport policies depending on the requirements of each group of travellers to cope with the adverse effects of the pandemic.

Women's Empowerment Through Access to Safe Transport: The Impact of Sexual and Nonsexual Victimization on Female Commuters in Bangladesh and Cambodia.

An examination of women's experience on public transport in Bangladesh and Cambodia found that victimization does reduce perceived safety or transport use. In a cultural context where women are socialized to fear and avoid public spaces, experiencing victimization may confirm rather than change previous beliefs. Moreover, it is possible that the participants' use of public transport was driven by necessity rather than choice and that they were unable to change travel patterns in response to victimization. These findings underscore the importance of targeting public violence toward women and the broader societal norms that limit their participation in public life.

Customer misbehavior in access-based mobility services: An examination of prevention strategies

Customer misbehavior in access-based mobility services such as car sharing and public transport deteriorates the quality and profitability of business models. Basing on organismic integration theory, we propose that service providers can use external regulation or implement introjected actions to reduce customer misbehavior. In two mobility contexts differing in terms of their anonymity dimensions, we test the proposed effects of these two prevention strategies. An 2 × 2 × 2 online experiment with users of public transport (high personal anonymity) and car sharing (high interpersonal anonymity) shows that introjective actions (i.e., normative appeals) and external regulation (i.e., surveillance) are associated with intended consequences regarding misbehavior and motivation to co-create, but also imply unintended consequences (e.g., privacy concerns, negative word-of-mouth, and reduced usage intention). The combined use of both strategies usually proves not to be advantageous, so that the provider actions should be carefully selected depending on the given service setting.

A qualitative study on transportation experiences of public transport users in Türkiye during the COVID-19 pandemic

Due to the COVID-19 outbreak, people refrained from crowded places; public transport is one of them. The need for movement was restricted as part of governmental precautions. However, some people continue to go to workplaces as usual, and the ones who do not have personal vehicles continue using public transportation. The current study aims to investigate the experiences of public transport users (i.e., passengers) in Türkiye during the COVID-19 pandemic. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with ten people living in Ankara. As a result of thematic analysis, four overarching themes and fifteen sub-themes were determined. These overarching themes include changes in travel behavior during COVID-19, factors influencing transportation preferences, suggestions for better planning of public transport services, and suggestions for better crisis management. The results suggest significant policy implications at the municipal and governmental level, emphasizing the need for transparent risk communication, timely measures, and enforcement. Additionally, the study highlights transportation inequity, which becomes visible after the pandemic. We believe that qualitative data provided valuable insight to road authorities about road users' transportation experiences during the pandemic and, thus, how to manage better the pandemic's effect on the transport system based on the mobility needs of the citizens. We hope the results could benefit road authorities in developing effective policies and plans for all countries in the world, especially for the ones having a specific need to improve safety in traffic settings.

Exploring Regional Reduction Pathways for Human Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5) Using a Traffic Assignment Model.

An exposure-based traffic assignment (TA) model is used to quantify primary and secondary fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure from on-road vehicle flow on the Chicago Metropolitan Area regional network. PM2.5 exposure due to emissions from light-duty vehicles, heavy-duty trucks, public transportation, and electricity generation for electric vehicle charging and light-rail transportation is considered. The model uses travel demand data disaggregated by time-of-day period and vehicle user class to compare the exposure impacts of two TA optimization scenarios: a baseline user equilibrium with respect to travel time (UET) and a system optimal with respect to pollutant intake (SOI). Estimated baseline PM2.5 exposure damages are $3.7B-$8.3B/year. The SOI uses exposure-based vehicle rerouting to reduce total damages by 8.2%, with high-impacted populations benefiting from 10% to 20% reductions. However, the SOI's rerouting principle leads to a 66% increase in travel time. The model is then used to quantify the mitigation potential of different exposure reduction strategies, including a bi-objective optimization formulation that minimizes travel time and PM2.5 exposure concurrently, adoption of a cleaner vehicle fleet, higher public transportation use, particle filtration, and exposure-based truck routing. Exposure reductions range between 1% and 40%, but collective adoption of all strategies would lead to reductions upward of 50%.

Impact of home-school commuting mode choice on carbon footprint and sustainable transport policy scenarios

Car use for commuting to school is responsible of a significant amount of CO2 emissions, negatively impacting on climate change and calling for action. We collected 8,343 responses through an online survey before the Covid-19 pandemic (November/December 2019) from a sample of schools located in the province of Varese (Northwest of Italy). First, the study estimates the home-school commuting CO2 emissions from students and school staff of the selected schools, both in the starting scenario and in policy scenarios, inducing different potential shifts from car towards more sustainable transport means. Second, it determines the most relevant factors of transport mode selection for school commuting. The findings show that students at high school, even if their trips are generally longer, have lower CO2 emissions than teachers/staff and students of primary and middle schools, because of a higher intensive use of public transport. The optimistic scenario of a 75% shift from car use to walking, for home-school distances up to 2 km, and to public transport, for distances between 2 and 10 km, would save a big amount of CO2 emissions, included in the range 60–67%. Travel distance and time are the two most relevant factors, when students and teachers/staff select the transport means for school commuting. The identification of appropriate sustainable transport policies should consider the geographical, urban, and infrastructural characteristics of the place in which each school is located and of the travel routes.

Assessing the effects of Sunday shopping restrictions on urban mobility patterns in Poland

This paper aims to examine changes in the transport behaviour of the residents of large cities induced by retail restrictions. The Sunday retail restrictions in Poland have primarily affected shopping trips; with, in many cases, this motivation being shifted to other days of the week, and other travel motivations replacing shopping on Sundays. Along with the data collected from a questionnaire-based survey, ITS traffic data and the data from ticket-validating machines on the use of public transport were collected. In addition, statistical analyses were applied – based on the principal component analysis (PCA) and the multilayer perceptron (MLP). The study revealed that significant changes in traffic density were caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly on weekdays and especially during the first wave of the pandemic. Moreover, the implementation of the Sunday retail restrictions resulted in shopping habits moving initially to Saturdays, but as restrictions became stricter, this also expanded to include weekdays.

Analysis of Time-Based Public Transport Demand Prediction Using OPTUNA Framework

Buses are the most popular and easy mode of transportation in all over the world. The state government operates bus service in all routes with low-cost fare. Traffic congestion has risen at an alarming rate due to an increase in the number of automobiles. Travel time have increased as a result, while accessibility and mobility have worsened. The primary challenge encountered by passengers is the absence of information regarding bus numbers that are accessible on a certain route and the approximate time of bus departure. The delay in bus operations, could have several reasons which are inclement weather, traffic jam, and breakdowns. Neither the arrival time of the bus nor the delay are known to the people waiting at the bus stop. In order to address this problem, encouraging the usage of public transportation seems to be a feasible way. Over the past ten years, prediction of bus arrival time has become a fascinating subject around the world. In the transportation sector, Machine Learning (ML) technologies have already shown great promise and have additionally shown to yield a larger return on investment than traditional methods. In this research work , authors propose and develop predictive models to predict public transport demand for passenger transit based on bus arrival time. The dataset shows the proportion of buses operated by the Rochester-Genesee Regional Transportation Authority (RGRTA) that arrive on time. Initially, lazy predict classifier is used for solving regression-based dataset for predicting the bus demand in On-time based passenger transit. Based on the examination of lazy classifiers, the Decision Tree Regressor (DTR) has been identified as the best model. It is assessed using the most advanced hyperparameter optimization framework (OPTUNA). The proposed OPTUNA based DTR which is utilized to identify On-time performance of bus services-based passenger transit. Using OPTUNA for search is an efficient and beneficial approach considering the search speed and the improvement in model accuracy. According to the experimental data, the proposed approach performs better where the R-squared score is 0.9878 with best hyperparameter to be optimized.