Use Of Psychiatric Treatment Research Articles

Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes and Subsequent First-Time Use of Psychiatric Treatment Among Fathers in Denmark.

Becoming a first-time parent is a major life-changing event and can be challenging regardless of the pregnancy outcome. However, little is known how different adverse pregnancy outcomes affect the father's risk of psychiatric treatment post partum. To examine the associations of adverse pregnancy outcomes with first-time psychiatric treatment in first-time fathers. This nationwide cohort study covered January 1, 2008, to December 31, 2017, with a 1-year follow-up completed December 31, 2018. Data were gathered from Danish, nationwide registers. Participants included first-time fathers with no history of psychiatric treatment. Data were analyzed from August 1, 2022, to February 20, 2024. Adverse pregnancy outcomes including induced abortion, spontaneous abortion, stillbirth, small for gestational age (SGA) and not preterm, preterm with or without SGA, minor congenital malformation, major congenital malformation, and congenital malformation combined with SGA or preterm compared with a full-term healthy offspring. Prescription of psychotropic drugs, nonpharmacological psychiatric treatment, or having a psychiatric hospital contact up to 1 year after the end of the pregnancy. Of the 192 455 fathers included (median age, 30.0 [IQR, 27.0-34.0] years), 31.1% experienced an adverse pregnancy outcome. Most of the fathers in the study had a vocational educational level (37.1%). Fathers experiencing a stillbirth had a significantly increased risk of initiating nonpharmacological psychiatric treatment (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR], 23.10 [95% CI, 18.30-29.20]) and treatment with hypnotics (AHR, 9.08 [95% CI, 5.52-14.90]). Moreover, fathers experiencing an early induced abortion (≤12 wk) had an increased risk of initiating treatment with hypnotics (AHR, 1.74 [95% CI, 1.33-2.29]) and anxiolytics (AHR, 1.79 [95% CI, 1.18-2.73]). Additionally, late induced abortion (>12 wk) (AHR, 4.46 [95% CI, 3.13-6.38]) and major congenital malformation (AHR, 1.36 [95% CI, 1.05-1.74]) were associated with increased risk of nonpharmacological treatment. In contrast, fathers having an offspring being born preterm, SGA, or with a minor congenital malformation did not have a significantly increased risk of any of the outcomes. The findings of this Danish cohort study suggest that first-time fathers who experience stillbirths or induced abortions or having an offspring with major congenital malformation had an increased risk of initiating pharmacological or nonpharmacological psychiatric treatment. These findings further suggest a need for increased awareness around the psychological state of fathers following the experience of adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Optimal Development Model of College Music Curriculum Based on Psychology and Big Data Analysis in a Quantitative Environment.

Psychology-based music education is an interdisciplinary field that incorporates pedagogy, psychology, and other academic fields. A stronger communication link between students and students can be created by incorporating music education psychology into college instruction. In order to provide a scientific foundation for the development of psychology of music education in colleges and universities, it is currently urgently necessary to break free from the constraints of methodology, give importance to both quantitative and qualitative research, and gradually develop diversified research methods. The study of positive psychology is still evolving. From the early psychological movement to the present, it has grown into a hugely significant profession. As a result, this essay presents the findings from research on psychologically based school music instruction reform and development remedies. In the end, Class B has more students with scores of 50 to 60, whereas Class A has more students with scores of 90 to 100, which is quite a contrast. The average grade for students in class A is 80.125, while that for students in class B is 71.45. The lowest Class B score is 51, the lowest Class A score is 58, and the maximum score in A is 98. It is clear that a crucial aspect is the sensible and appropriate use of psychiatric treatment.

Of Minds and Brains and Cocreation: Psychopharmaceuticals and Modern Technological Imaginaries

Christians are not immune to psychological and psychiatric illness. Yet, Christians should also be careful not to permit popular cultural trends to shape the way that they think about the use of psychiatric treatment with medication. In this essay, I suggest that the tendencies for default usage of psychiatric medication can be problematic for Christians in contemporary culture where a technological imaginary exists. Modern scientific studies of psychiatric medication are partly constructive of how we imagine ourselves. The typical justification for the usage of technology in contemporary culture is the theme of cocreation with God, where Christians see any usage of technology as equivalent to our participating in God’s ongoing creative activity. I challenge these ideas in the foregoing paper, noting that the modern technological imaginary that animates modern psychiatry is as constricting as it is enabling. I conclude with a different take on what it might mean for Christians to be cocreators with God.

Relationships between patients’ attachment characteristics and views and use of psychiatric treatment

This study explored the influence of attachment on psychiatric treatment by considering attitudes towards and the use of psychotropic medication and psychotherapy in patients with depressive and anxiety disorders. Adults referred to a psychiatrist completed self-report measures and participated in a diagnostic interview based on DSM-IV criteria. Those with depressive, anxiety or adjustment disorders were included (n = 124). Patients reported the types and dosage of current psychotropic medication as well as number of different psychiatrists and psychologists/counselors they had seen in the past 10 years. Multiple regression analyses were used to examine relationships between attachment anxiety and avoidance and the variables capturing treatment use and attitudes towards treatments. Attachment anxiety was positively associated with the number of current psychiatric medications and with both the number of psychiatrists and the number of psychologists/counselors seen. Attachment avoidance was negatively associated with the number of current psychotropic medications and beliefs about the efficacy of psychotherapy. The findings suggest that patients’ attachment characteristics play a role in their views and choices regarding treatments. Developing treatments sensitive to the needs of insecurely attached individuals may lead to improved treatment outcomes.

Assessment of subjective sleep disturbance and related factors during female mid-life with the Jenkins Sleep Scale

ObjectiveTo assess sleep disturbance and related factors among mid-aged women. MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study in which 288 women (40–59 years) were requested to complete the Jenkins Sleep Scale (JSS), the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), the Menopause Rating Scale (MRS) and a general socio-demographic questionnaire containing female and partner data. ResultsMedian [interquartile range] age of the whole sample was 47 [8] years. A 62.2% of women were rural residents, 21.2% were postmenopausal, 20.1% were receiving psychotropic drugs, 64.2% had abdominal obesity (waist≥88cm), and 9.7% reported intimate violence. A 12.8% had an abnormal GHQ-12 score (total score≥3) whereas 14.2% had severe menopause-related symptoms (total MRS score≥17). The prevalence of disturbed sleep (JSS score≥12) was 37.5%. JSS scores displayed significant differences in relation to menopausal status, presence of stress urinary incontinence, use of psychiatric treatment, intimate partner violence, self-perception of healthiness, and partner factors (perception of healthiness, educational level, and regular exercise). Higher JSS scores (disturbed sleep) positively correlated with GHQ-12 and MRS scores, number of co-morbid conditions, body mass index, and female and partner age. Multiple linear regression analysis found that JSS scores correlated positively with somatic MRS scores and with intimate violence, and inversely with partner educational level (r2=0.375, p<0.05). ConclusionIn this mid-aged female sample, disturbed sleep was related to somatic menopause-related symptoms, intimate violence and partner educational level.

New Law to Transform MH Services in China

New Law to Transform MH Services in China

Ten-Year Use of Mental Health Services by Patients With Borderline Personality Disorder and With Other Axis II Disorders

Clinical experience suggests that individuals with borderline personality disorder commonly report being in psychotherapy and taking standing psychotropic medications over substantial periods of time. Clinical experience also suggests that patients with borderline personality disorder are frequently rehospitalized. However, only two longitudinal studies have prospectively examined the long-term course of the psychiatric treatment received by these patients. In the first of these studies [1], treatment utilization of patients with borderline personality disorder and axis II comparison participants was studied over six years of prospective follow-up in the McLean Study of Adult Development (MSAD). It was found that prevalence rates of individual therapy, standing medications, and psychiatric hospitalizations declined significantly for those in both study groups but remained significantly higher among patients with borderline personality disorder than axis II comparison participants. Perhaps most striking was the finding that 70% of patients with borderline personality disorder participated in individual therapy and 70% took standing medications in all three follow-up periods. In the second longitudinal study (the Collaborative Longitudinal Personality Disorders Study or CLPS), the treatment use of patients with borderline personality disorder was compared to that of patients with major depressive disorder and no personality disorder over the course of three years [2]. It was found that patients with borderline personality disorder were significantly more likely to be in individual therapy, have had a medication consultation, and been hospitalized for psychiatric reasons than those with major depressive disorder. The current study, which is an extension of the MSAD study mentioned above, has two purposes. The first is to describe the prevalence of three key treatment modalities reported by a large and well-defined sample of patients with borderline personality disorder and axis II comparison participants over 10 years of prospective follow-up. The second purpose is to detail time-to-cessation and time-to-resumption of these three forms of treatment by patients with borderline personality disorder.

Ten-Year Use of Mental Health Services by Patients With Borderline Personality Disorder and With Other Axis II Disorders

The study determined the prevalence of use of three treatment modalities (individual therapy, medication, and hospitalization) reported over a ten-year period by patients with borderline personality disorder and by those in a comparison group with other axis II disorders. Time to cessation and time to resumption for each modality among patients with borderline personality disorder were also determined. Treatment history of inpatients with a reliable diagnosis of borderline personality disorder (N=290) and of other axis II disorders (N=72) was assessed with an interview of proven reliability during the index admission. Treatment history was reassessed at two-year intervals for ten years. For all three treatment modalities, prevalence of use declined significantly among patients with borderline personality disorder and among those in the comparison group. Among patients with borderline personality disorder, 52% reported having stopped individual therapy and 44% reported having stopped medication at one or more of the follow-up interviews over ten years. However, 85% of those who had stopped psychotherapy and 67% of those who stopped taking medication resumed these treatments during a subsequent two-year period. In contrast, 88% had experienced at least one two-year period without a psychiatric hospitalization by the time of the ten-year follow-up; however, almost half of these patients were subsequently rehospitalized. The results suggest that patients with borderline personality disorder tend to use outpatient treatments without interruption over prolonged periods. They also suggest that inpatient treatment is used far more intermittently by patients with borderline personality disorder.

Clinical Characteristics and Health Service Use of Veterans With Comorbid Bipolar Disorder and PTSD

Clinical Characteristics and Health Service Use of Veterans With Comorbid Bipolar Disorder and PTSD

Psychiatric Morbidity and Parental Substance Use Disorder

Objective: To assess psychiatric morbidity associated with having no, one, or two parents with Substance Use Disorder (SUD), among patients receiving SUD care. Design: Two measures of psychiatric morbidity included (a) current psychopathology and (b) lifetime use of psychiatric treatment. Settings: Alcohol-drug treatment programs were located in two university medical centers. Subjects: Four hundred ninety-five voluntary patients aged 18 and older and non-adopted. Results: Parental SUD was directly related to (a) more current psychiatric symptoms, both self-rated and psychiatrist-rated and (b) greater likelihood of ever having ever received psychiatric treatment. Among those who had ever received psychiatric care, the number of psychotropic medications was related to parental SUD. Number of admissions, venues, visits/days, and cost of psychiatric care were not associated with parental SUD. Conclusions: Extent of parental SUD was related to increased psychiatric morbidity.

The use of ‘drug dogs' in psychiatry

Comorbidity of severe mental illness and substance misuse is now common in general psychiatry (Regier et al, 1990), and perhaps almost standard in forensic psychiatry (Snowden, 2001). It is also reflected in child and adolescent psychiatry (Boys et al, 2003) and even in old age psychiatry (Jolley et al, 2004). The range of hazards associated with substance misuse in people with mental illnesses includes elevated risk of relapse of psychosis (Cantwell &amp; Harrison, 1996), increased frequency of hospitalisation (Bartels et al, 1993), poorer compliance with treatment (Jablensky et al, 1992), higher levels of treatment-resistance (Bowers et al, 1990), impairment of the integrity of therapeutic regimes in hospital settings and in hostels in the community (Sandford, 1995), stress in the community (Drake &amp; Wallach, 1989), higher rates of homelessness (Scheller-Gilkey et al, 1999), increased suicidality (Drake &amp; Wallach, 1989), and increased potential for antisocial behaviour and crime of both an acquisitive and a violent nature (Stewart et al, 2000; Sinha &amp; Easton, 1999). The misuse of substances is therefore a significant obstruction to the effective use of psychiatric treatment, and the financial cost associated with such clinical adversity must run into millions of pounds.

Remission from drug abuse over a 25-year period: patterns of remission and treatment use.

Using an epidemiologically obtained sample, we examined patterns of illicit drug use, abuse, and remission over a 25-year period and recent treatment use. The surviving members of the cohort (n = 841), previously surveyed in 1972 and 1974, comprised 3 subsamples of Vietnam War enlisted men and civilian controls. Retrospectively obtained year-to-year measures from the 1996-1997 survey included use and remission of sedatives, stimulants, marijuana, cocaine, and opiates, as well as substance abuse and psychiatric treatment use. Relatively stable patterns of frequent use in adulthood were found, with the mean duration from initiation to the last remission ranging from 9 to 14 years. A majority attempted to quit; however, most did not use traditional drug treatment in their last attempts. Fewer than 9% of the then-current drug users were treated in inpatient or outpatient settings at the time of data collection. Most drug abusers who had started using drugs by their early 20s appeared to gradually achieve remission. Spontaneous remission was the rule rather than the exception. Nonetheless, considerable unmet needs existed for those who had continued use into middle age.

Psychiatric Symptoms and Medical Utilization in Primary Care Patients

In two studies, the authors evaluated the impact of psychiatric disorders on medical care utilization in a primary care setting. In the first study, 526 consecutive patients in a teaching hospital primary care practice completed the 18-item RAND Mental Health Inventory to identify clinically significant depression and/or anxiety and a questionnaire about the use of psychiatric treatment and psychoactive medications. The medical utilization of those patients defined as depressed and/ or anxious was compared with those defined as not depressed and/or anxious. Patients identified as depressed and/or anxious reported significantly increased medical utilization, but this was not confirmed by the hospital's computerized record system. In the second study, the authors analyzed medical care utilization for the years before and after the first outpatient psychiatry appointment of a sample of 91 patients referred from the same primary care practice to the hospital's outpatient psychiatry clinic over a 1-year period. In both studies there was not a statistically significant difference in medical utilization among those patients receiving psychiatric treatment. The findings demonstrate the difficulties in examining cost offset in a primary care population and raise questions about it as a realistic outcome measure of the effect of psychiatric treatment.

Experiencing child abuse: effects on emotional adjustment.

The impact of abuse and subsequent intervention strategies on emotional development was examined for a group of 30 physically abused children between the ages of five and 12. Results indicated that emotional adjustment, as measured by psychological test scores, was differentially affected by characteristics of the abuse experience and interventions. Implications for the use of psychiatric treatment and foster care placement in the management of child abuse cases are discussed.