Use Of Polythene Research Articles

Study of Consumption and Disposal Practices Related to Polythene Shopping Bags


 
 
 The widespread use of polythene shopping bags raises significant environmental concerns about adverse effects to marine ecosystems, wild life and impacts resulting from litter all of which require public resources to mitigate or manage. The main objective of this study is to understand the consumer behaviour on polythene bag usage, their awareness on adverse impacts and their willingness to pay for a tax on reducing polythene bag usage. Data were collected from 100 respondents selected from different locations in Sri Lanka conveniently using a structured online questionnaire. In investigating an economic instruments for reducing pollution from polythene bags, payment from the polluter was obtained from two different methods such increasing the price of the polythene bag and imposing a tax on production of polythene shopping bags. In this analysis, it was considered two different dependent variables and the four independent variables. Those dependent variables are willingness to pay for polythene shopping bag and imposing tax on production. Four independent variables were considered for each regression models such as Household income, number of times of usage of polythene shopping bags, environmental impacts and adequacy about government initiatives. The results indicate that among the respondents 86% have all types of polythene waste and 81% separate polythene waste from their collected waste stream, 60% sort polythene waste as clean and unclean before disposal, 61.50% hand over polythene waste to municipal solid waste collectors and 18% of respondents dump the garbage pit in the backyard and 13% of respondents burn it. Most (85%) of respondents don‘t agree that burning polythene is harmful to life and 92% don‘t agree that dumping polythene bags to garbage pits will provide breeding grounds to mosquitos. Majority is using the bags only one or two times but printed /branded bags are being used one to five times. Majority (36%) of respondents suggests a tax of Rs. 5.00 to pay for a polythene shopping bag which can carry 2-3kg per bag and 31 per cent respondents suggested Rs. 2.00. Most of the respondents prefer to switch to a bio-degradable or reusable bag completely if the government put a blanket ban on polythene. The study suggests that educating and making awareness related to the usage and disposal practices related to the polythene shopping bags is very important for the behaviour of the consumer. Introducing an economic instrument related to increasing the price of the polythene shopping bag or imposing a tax at the production or switch to a reusable bag or any other environmentally friendly alternative as a substitute for polythene shopping bags would be a timely action as the majority of the selected sample is ready and willing to embrace these alternatives.
 Keywords: Polythene, Shopping bags, Reusable, Consumer behaviour, Price
 
 

Use of Waste Polythene in Bituminous Concrete Mixes for Highways

Abstract: Bituminous Concrete (BC) normally used in construction projects like road surfacing, airports ,parking lots etc is a composite material . It consists of asphalt or bitumen (used as a binder) and mineral aggregate which are mixed together & laid down in layers then compacted. In these days the large increment in high traffic intensity in terms of commercial vehicles, and the compelling variation in daily and seasonal temperature put us in a demanding situation to think of some alternatives for the improvisation of the pavement characteristics and quality by applying some necessary modifications which shall satisfy both the strength as well as economical aspects .Also considering the environmental approach, due to excessive use of polythene in day to day life the pollution to the environment is increased significantly . Since the polythene is non-biodegradable the need of the current hour is to use the waste polythene in some beneficial purposes .This paperpresents a research conducted to analyse the behavior of BC mix modified with waste polythene. Various percentages of polythene are used for preparation of mixes with a selected aggregate grading as given in the IRC Code. By preparing Marshall samples of the concrete mix the role of polythene in bituminous is studied for various engineering properties BC mixtures with and without polymer. Marshall properties such as stability, flow value, unit weight, air voids are used to determine optimum polythene content for the given grade of bitumen (80/100).

The effectiveness of educational package on knowledge regarding harmful effects of use of polythene and plastic materials on environment & health among school age children

Plastics are a wide range of synthetic or semi-synthetic materials that use polymers as a main ingredient. Their plasticity makes it possible for plastics to be molded, extruded or pressed into solid objects of various shapes. This adaptability, plus a wide range of other properties, such as being lightweight, durable, flexible, and in expensive to produce, has led to its widespread use. Research approach: an evaluative research approach, research design: in this study pre experimental one group pre test post test design was be used. this design is widely used in educational research, research sample: in this study sample was the school age children in community rural area of Indore, sample size: 50 school age children, sample techniques: non probability purposive sampling technique. The mean pre test and post test 11.8 and 17.9 and mean difference 6.1 that there was a significant difference between pre test and post test knowledge score hence H0 rejected and H1 is accepted.So it can be concluded that the school age children residing in Bawliya Khurd community have inadequate knowledge regarding harmful effects of polythene and plastic materials on environment and health and Structured teaching programme is an effective teaching strategy to increase their knowledge regarding harmful effects of polythene and plastic materials on environment and health.

Specific Fuel Consumption and Exhaust Emission Test on Single Cylinder Four-Stroke Diesel Engine using Polyethylene Extract Biodiesel as Fuel

More than 70% of the plastic wastes come out the packing materials. This causes heart problems and cancer too in the later stages. The plastics started to blend in drinking water in a major percentage. Recycling of the existing waste plastic is the only major way so that we can reduce this harmfulness to the globe. Here we have made use of polythene which plays a part of 33.5 percentage of the total plastic waste and is the highest waste among them. These wastes are mechanically separated and converted to plastic oil through pyrolysis. These oils are blended with the existing diesel in about 6 to 12 percentage for conversion to biodiesel and tested on a single cylinder four-stroke diesel engine for its performance. The exhaust gas which comes out is tested for its emissions and compared with diesel specific fuel consumption (SFC) and emissions.

Degradation of chlorpyriphos and polyethylene by endosymbiotic bacteria from citrus mealybug.

Chlorpyriphos is one of the major organophosphorus pesticides used widely to control a range of insect pests across several crops. This insecticide is hazardous to the environment and toxic to mammals, thus, it is essential to remove the same from the environment. Similarly, use of polythene is also increasing day by day. Therefore, it is highly important to identify ways to degrade chlorpyriphos and other pesticides from the environment. We studied the degradation of chlorpyriphos and polyethylene by Citrus mealybug (Planococcus citri) bacterial endosymbionts such as Bacillus licheniformis, Pseudomonas cereus, Pseudomonas putida and Bacillus subtilis. This investigation revealed that bacterial endosymbionts use the polythene as a source of carbon and solubilize them by their enzymatic machinery. The degradation of polyethylene by endosymbionts showed a significant reduction in weight of polyethylene sheet after 15, 30 and 45 days of treatment. The SEM images showed localized degradation of the polyethylene around the bacterial cells in the biofilm. Further, the tensile strength (percentage elongation) was significantly reduced after 45 days of incubation. The weight of paraffin wax showed significant reduction in B. cereus. A significant reduction in total amount of chlorpyriphos in soil was observed at an interval of 7, 14 and 21 days after treatment by the bacterial isolates. Among the bacteria, B. cereus and P. putida were found to be most effective. The results from this study show that endosymbionts can be significantly implicated in degrading chlorpyriphos and polyethylene from the environment.

Effect of Polyethylene on Fruit Yield and Morpho-Biochemical Features During Ripening of a Local Tomato Cultivar Grown in a Tropical Environmental Condition, India

The work was assessed the field performance of Polythene cover on morphology, fruit yield and post maturation changes on growing tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum). Data revealed that use of polythene gave adverse effect on average height in treated condition but favourable for matured ripen fruits (41.5%). Significant correlation observed in the post maturation (0.731, P≤0.01) and fruits ripening time (0.605, P≤0.01). The fruit yield was found to be significantly increased by 61.23%. Polythene induced ripening had shown the variation in the amount of lycopene (429.3mg/100gm), protein (1.92%), ascorbic acid (23.68 mg/ 100gm) and the sugar (5.02%). Polythene covering was significant and positively correlated with lycopene (0.788, P<0.01), lipid(0.853, P<0.01),ascorbic acid(0.515 P<0.01) but negatively correlated with protein(-0.221P<0.05).Maturity at harvest is a very important attribute to tomatoes quality that found to be regulated by the use of polythene. Analysis of variance also showed statistically significant result in the lipid (F-value=14.688801,p≤0.01) ,sugar(F value= 25.52718,p≤0.01) and ascorbic acid (F-value=9.44343,p≤0.01).

Polythene Waste Collection and Management as a Tool for Poverty Reduction: Implication for Education and National Security

It has been discovered that absence of education and security in any society gives room to lawlessness and crises. This paper brings to bare the effect of waste collection and management on poverty reduction. Polythene is a by- product of crude oil. It is otherwise known as polyethylene. The use of polythene in the society is enormous and when poorly managed, constitutes at least 40% of the wastes that accumulate in the municipal. This paper views waste collection and management especially polythene as a tool for reducing poverty in the society. The emergence of recycling industries provided the platform for re-use of polythene materials thereby, making it an industrial raw material for some industries.

Tourist Satisfaction, Environmental Concerns and Tourism in and Beyond Dal Lake, Kashmir

A survey was carried out from June to December 2013 on tourist perceptions and tourism in and around Dal lake (Srinagar, Kashmir). In this survey, the opinion of the tourists about satisfaction for visiting Dal lake was obtained. The opinion about availability of accommodation, perception about food quality and availability, transport availability, host behavior and other facilities was obtained from the tourists. It was found that most of the tourists were satisfied with the various facilities available at the moment, with moderate to fair perception about the quality of food available around the lake. Tourists were also asked about their opinion regarding improving of tourism in the lake, with most of the tourists suggesting proper disposal of the wastes and ban on the use of polythene. Most of the tourists appeared satisfied with the present level of tourism activities and condition of the lake. Some tourists, however, were not satisfied with the cleanliness of the lake and felt that proper cleanliness of the lake should be maintained to promote tourism in a broader way. All tourists expressed their positive feelings for revisiting the lake time and again.

A Review on Biodegradation of Polythene: The Microbial Approach

The use of polythene is increasing day by day and its degradation is becoming a great challenge. Annually about 500 billion to 1 trillion polythene carry bags are being consumed around the globe. Polythene is durable and needs up to 1000 years for natural degradation in the environment. In the present review, an attempt has been made to pool all the available literature on the biodegradation of polythene under the following objectives: (1) to highlight the level of polythene pollution; (2) to enlist the cost effective methods; (3) to pool the source of polythene degrading microbes; (4) to brief the mechanism of polythene degradation; (5) to highlight the methods used for the biodegradation of the polythene; (6) to discuss the assessment of polythene degradation by efficient microbes; (7) to enlist the products of polythene under degradation process; (8) to test the toxicity level of the products of the degraded polythene, and (9) to discuss the future aspects of polythene degradation.

A comparison of the use of polythene sheet and Jelone ® as temporary dressings for excised wounds

This paper reports our experience of the use of polythene sheet as a temporary dressing for excised wounds. A prospective randomised double-blind trial was conducted to see whether or not polythene dressing was less painful to remove than our traditional dressing of Jelonet ®. Polythene was found to be less painful (p < 0.01). Other advantages of the use of polythene are presented.

Polydam--polythene sheet, a practical alternative to rubber dam for patients allergic to rubber compounds.

An alternative to rubber dam is required to ensure nasopharyngeal protection during endodontic procedures on patients who are allergic to rubber compounds. The use of polythene sheeting as a practical alternative is described, illustrated and discussed.

The use of polythene and pvc in works drainage

The use of polythene and pvc in works drainage

The use of polythene and pvc in works drainage

The use of polythene and pvc in works drainage

The use of polythene in reconstruction of the middle-ear mechanisms.

The use of polythene in reconstruction of the middle-ear mechanisms.

High vacuum applications of polythene

The use of polythene in high vacuum work is discussed. The fabrication of polythene vessels, valves, taps, fine control valves, manometers, etc., is described, together with the use of polythene in jointing glass, metal, alumina and other ceramics to high vacuum lines.