Use Of Polynucleotides Research Articles

Polynucleotides in Aesthetic Medicine: A Review of Current Practices and Perceived Effectiveness.

Polynucleotides, complex molecules composed of nucleotides, have gained attention in aesthetic medicine for their potential to regulate gene expression and promote tissue regeneration. This review aims to provide an overview of the current practices and perceived effectiveness of polynucleotides in aesthetic medicine. A comprehensive search of the literature was conducted using keywords related to polynucleotides, cosmetic application, and aesthetic application. Studies were selected based on their relevance to aesthetic medicine and the inclusion of human subjects. The review found that polynucleotides have been used to improve skin texture, reduce wrinkle depth, and enhance facial appearance. The studies reported varying degrees of efficacy and safety, with some studies demonstrating significant improvements in skin elasticity and hydration. However, others reported limited or no benefits. The review also highlighted the need for further research to establish the optimal use and efficacy of polynucleotides in aesthetic medicine. While the existing literature suggests that polynucleotides may have potential benefits in aesthetic medicine, more research is needed to fully understand their mechanisms of action and optimal use. Clinicians should be aware of the current limitations and potential risks associated with the use of polynucleotides in aesthetic medicine.

Xenograft Combined with a Mixture of Polynucleotides and Hyaluronic Acid (PNs-HA) for Horizontal Alveolar Bone Regeneration: Clinical and Histologic Assessments in a Case Series.

The present case series aims to investigate the use of polynucleotides mixed with hyaluronic acid (PNs-HA) in the form of gel to promote bone regeneration in horizontal alveolar defects. Overall, 6 adult patients underwent localized horizontal guided bone regeneration by means of xenogeneic bone substitute and a resorbable barrier with a staged approach. The graft consisted in a mixture of deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM) particles and PNs-HA gel in a 3:1 ratio, respectively. The material was covered by a resorbable collagen membrane fixed with pins to the underlying bone. Implant placement was performed after 5 months. Healing proceeded uneventfully, and, upon re-entry, the graft appeared well vascularized and firmly attached to the recipient bone. Histologically, the regenerated bone appeared highly mineralized, well-organized in lamellae and totally embedding the residual granules of the biomaterial. Histomorphometric evaluations revealed that newly formed bone occupied on average 41.2% ± 12.4% of the analysed samples. Linear measurements performed on CBCT scans yielded an overall linear horizontal bone gain of 4.91 ± 0.88 mm. These data suggest that a mixture of DBBM and PNs-HA can be safely used to promote bone regeneration in case of horizontal alveolar defects.

Consensus report on the use of PN‐HPT™ (polynucleotides highly purified technology) in aesthetic medicine

BackgroundInjective procedures using polynucleotides‐based products to promote dermal rejuvenation and revitalization are steadily evolving, yet no structured protocols are available that discuss and provide guidance in aesthetic treatments with highly purified polynucleotides. The goal of this document was to provide consensus‐based recommendations for the safe and effective use of Polynucleotides Highly Purified Technology™ (PN‐HPT™) devices for skin rejuvenation.Patients/MethodsA team of eight experts with extensive experience in treatments for skin rejuvenation and revitalization integrated the best available evidence and clinical judgment and devised a series of practical guidance to support dermatologists, plastic surgeons, and aesthetic physician in the use of PN‐HPT™ products, alone and in combination, in aesthetic medicine.ResultsFor most items, the expert group achieved a majority consensus. “Recommendations” (consensus >80%) were reached for the face, periocular area, décolleté and neck, hands, scalp, and stretch marks. Recommendations include details of techniques, information on dosage, volumes to be injected, and the ideal number of required treatment sessions, as well as time intervals between them for different areas of face and body. A lower agreement level of 60% was reached on but one item related to the initial treatment cycle for the face, leading to a “Consensus statement” for that area instead of a full “Recommendation.”ConclusionThe expert consensus illustrates the value of natural‐origin, highly purified polynucleotides (PN‐HPT™) as biostimulatory booster strategy for skin priming and revitalization of face and body and provides a detailed guide for the use.

Use of polynucleotides with seminal antigens to induce isoantibodies and infertility in rabbits.

SummaryInjections of female rabbits with homologous seminal antigens in combination with polyadenylic and polyuridylic acids (0.4-0.5 mg of each per injection) induced antifertility effects and serum titers of specific antibodies. Rabbits immunized with seminal plasma had normal fertility, whereas rabbits immunized with semen and epididymal sperm showed fertilization inhibition after artificial insemination and low embryo and fetal survival after embryo transfer. Immunization with semen induced high serum titers of specific antibodies as determined by passive hemagglutination, sperm agglutination, and sperm immobilization. Epididymal sperm caused moderate hemagglutination titers and high titers of sperm-agglutinating and immobilizing antibodies, whereas seminal plasma induced high hemagglutination titers but low sperm-agglutination titers, and no immobilizing antibody. Sperm-agglutinating and immobilizing titers were highly correlated in rabbits immunized with semen and epididymal sperm.

The Enzymatic Cleavage of Phosphate Termini from Polynucleotides

1. After infection of Escherichia coli B with T-even bacteriophages, a novel 3'-deoxynucleotidase activity appears. The induction is blocked by the presence of chloramphenicol and is not observed after infection with T-odd bacteriophages. This enzyme has been purified approximately 2000-fold from extracts of E. coli B infected with T4 am 82. In addition to its attack on 3'-deoxymononucleotides, the enzyme also catalyzes the selective removal of 3'-phosphoryl groups from DNA. The enzyme preparations are without effect on 3'-ribomononucleotides, 3'-phosphoryl groups of RNA, or any 5'-phosphate esters. 2. A survey of various strains of E. coli revealed strain C to be a rich source of 3'-nucleotidase activity. This activity was purified approximately 1300-fold and the final preparation was found to possess the following specificity. The enzymatic activity is nonspecific at the mononucleotide level, catalyzing the cleavage of 2',3'- and 5'-substituted ribomononucleotides as well as 3'- or 5'-deoxymononucleotides. The enzyme also cleaves 3',5'-nucleoside diphosphates. In its attack on pTp, the enzyme appears to remove first the 3'-phosphate group before cleaving the 5'-phosphoester bond. This apparent preference for the cleavage of the 3'-phosphate group in the presence of a 5'-phosphate substitution is supported by observations on the specificity of the enzyme with the use of polynucleotides as substrates. Thus, with polynucleotides, only the 2'- or 3'-terminal phosphate groups are removed, while the 5'-phosphoryl termini are not attacked at all. Thus, the purified E. coli C acid phosphatase can be used to measure specifically the 2'- or 3'-phosphate ends of RNA and DNA. 3. After infection of E. coli B with T4 am 82, an enzyme activity which attacks the 5'-phosphate group of RNA and DNA appears. The increase of activity upon infection is prevented if the infection process is carried out in the presence of chloramphenicol. This activity has been purified approximately 3000-fold. The final preparation shows a high degree of specificity in the cleavage of 5'-phosphoryl groups from polynucleotides and is without effect on 5'-mononucleotides. The products formed after the action of the 5'-polynucleotide phosphatase have been identified as inorganic phosphate and 5'-hydroxyl-terminated polynucleotides. The latter were identified by their ability to be phosphorylated in the 5'-hydroxylpolynucleotide kinase reaction. The final preparation of 5'-polynucleotide phosphatase is contaminated with 3'-deoxynucleotidase.

RECONSTITUTION OF TOBACCO MOSAIC VIRUS. IV. INHIBITION BY ENZYMES AND OTHER PROTEINS, AND USE OF POLYNUCLEOTIDES.

Abstract The reconstitution of tobacco mosaic virus from its two components was reinvestigated. Yields of nucleoprotein particles of the order of 50% were usually obtained in 0.1 M pyrophosphate (pH 7.25) in 6 hours at 30°. Other buffers could be used, with the exception of tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane. Little or no reconstitution occurred at 0.01 or lower molarities of buffer; in the cold the reaction proceeded extremely slowly. The presence of tobacco leaf juice greatly interfered with reconstitution, an effect that could in part be prevented by the presence of bentonite. The same was the case if traces of pancreatic ribonuclease were present in the reconstitution mixture. Other proteins added at much higher concentration also produced lower virus yields. Most of that RNA which did not enter into sedimentable particles in the course of the reaction was unable to do so when treated with fresh protein, apparently because it had been degraded. No stable sedimentable particles were formed upon substitution of TMV RNA by RNA from wheat germ or ascites cells, or by poly-C, poly-U, poly-G, or poly-X. In contrast, poly-A combined with a 15-fold amount of TMV protein to give stable sedimentable rods. Best yields of sedimentable particles, involving about 80% of the poly-A, were obtained under typical reconstitution conditions, but at pH 6.6. Poly-I reacted similarly. Of a variety of copolymers tested only those very rich in A were able to form particles, the yield and stability of which was affected by both their content in A and the nature of the second component.