Use Of Platelet Gel Research Articles

Treatment of Oral Mucositis Using Platelet-Rich-Fibrin: A Retrospective Study on Oncological Patients.

Oral mucositis is an inflammatory mucosal demolition frequently observed during treatments for neoplastic diseases such as chemotherapy or radiation therapy. The side effects of these treatments often drastically reduce patients' quality of life. Oral mucositis is the result of the systemic consequences of chemotherapy and radiotherapy, which due to their cytotoxic and local effects, lead to pain and severe ulceration with a consequent decrease in the quality of life of affected subjects. Plasma rich in fibrin is often used to enhance soft tissue wound healing and fight bacterial sepsis through the presence of leukocytes within it. The retrospective study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the topic use of platelet gel in the clinical management of oral mucositis to improve the life quality of patients. The results of the study were promising even though the topical application of platelet-rich-fibrin is like a skin-care treatment. Future studies with a larger sample of patients will be needed to understand the real benefits of platelet-rich-fibrin.

Platelet-rich Plasma and Its Application in Clinical Trial

Platelet-rich Plasma and Its Application in Clinical Trial

Functional and Aesthetic Outcome of Fingertip Injuries' Management

Background: Fingertip injuries are the most commoninjuries that occur to the hand, accounting for 4.8 millionEmergency Department visits per year. Fingertip injuriesrequires immediate intervention to avoid any complicationsor deformities. Several therapeutic modalities have been usedfor treatment; either surgical or conservative treatment andeach of them has its own advantages and disadvantages.However, evidence is still lacking in the literature supportingeither surgical or conservative lines of treatment. The purposeof the present study is to compare functional and aestheticoutcomes between surgical and conservative treatment offingertip injuries.Methods: This prospective study included 50 patientswith Allen's type II and III of fingertip injuries divided intotwo groups; Group I included 20 patients treated surgicallyand Group II included 30 patients treated conservatively whichis further subdivided into subgroup I (Platelet Gel), subgroupII (Hyaluronic acid) and subgroup III (Fucidic acid).Results: The conservative treatment showed a significantimprovement regarding the sensory outcome, the range ofmotion, rate of complications, the aesthetic outcome and thepatients' satisfaction (p=0.002, 0.001, 0.021, 0.035, 0.026respectively). The platelet gel in the conservative treatmentshowed a significantly shorter time of healing compared toother modalities of conservative treatment (p=0.004) thus asignificant faster recovery and shorter time off-work (p=0.001).Conclusion: We concluded that the conservative treatmentprovides better functional and aesthetic outcome in treatingfingertip injuries. The use of platelet gel in fingertip injuriesis associated with decreased time of healing and early returnto work.

Possible use of platelet gel in ulcerative-erosive oral lesions

Possible use of platelet gel in ulcerative-erosive oral lesions

The use of platelet gel for repair of a cerebrospinal fluid fistula of the skull base (a case report and literature review)

Nasal liquorrhea is a serious problem in surgery of skull base tumors, which is associated with a high risk of purulent-septic complications. This paper presents a case of successful repair of a cerebrospinal fluid fistula with an autologous platelet gel in the postoperative period after removal of meningioma of the anterior cranial fossa base, which was accompanied by a purulent-inflammatory complication in the surgical wound area.

Bioluminescent monitoring of rat cardiosphere-derived cells in platelet gel engraftment in ischemic heart

The success of cell therapy depends on an effective method of cell delivery and engraftment. The use of transgenic cells carrying a reporter system based on the luciferase gene allows to perform the quantitative evaluation of the transplantation efficiency in dynamics using biochemical methods. The purpose of this work was to monitor the persistence of rat cardiosphere-derived cells (CDC) after allogeneic transplantation into the periinfarction zone. Transplantation was performed by intramyocardial injection of a cell suspension in a culture medium or in platelet rich plasma (PRP). When injected into the myocardium PRP forms fibrin clots which serves as a matrix for the transplanted cells. The cells were modified by the luciferase enzyme gene by transduction with lentiviruses (CDC-Luc). The activity of luciferase was determined in protein extracts of the myocardium at different time points after the transplantation. It was shown that in the first hour after injections, CDC-Luc is quantitatively detected in the peri-infarction zone irrespective of the use of platelet gel or medium, and their amount does not decrease within 48 hours. During this period, we found a positive effect of the fibrin matrix on the cells - the luminescence of CDC-Luc protein extracts in the platelet gel composition was significantly higher. We suggested that the platelet gel promotes a more favorable microenvironment for CDC-Luc and facilitates the adaptation of cells after transplantation, what reflected in the recovery of the level of luciferase production in cells. Further, we found negative dynamics: CDC-Luc injected in the culture medium is retained in the myocardium for 5 days and on the seventh day their presence is not determined, CDC-Luc in the fibrin matrix is retained in the myocardium for 10 days after transplantation. Thus, despite the successful transplantation of CDC, the integration of cells into the myocardium does not occur. Nevertheless, the use of platelet gel prolongates the time of CDC persistence in the tissue and enhances of their paracrine effect. The use of fibrin matrix can be useful for long-lived cells, such as cardiomyocytes, in particular, to improve the efficiency of transplantation of the tissue engineering biological pacemaker. A luciferase reportering system can be effective for in vitro and in vivo monitoring of cell fate, both in biotechnological stages of cultivation and assembly of the tissue engineering biopee maker, and after myocardial transplantation. In the future, the developed methodological approach will be used to study of tissue-engineering biopacemakers in experimental animals.

Platelet-Rich Plasma for the Treatment of Clean Diabetic Foot Ulcers

Diabetic foot ulcer is considered as a major health problem that predisposes to limb amputation. Among the different methods to achieve ulcer healing, platelet-rich plasma (PRP) gel is gaining popularity. It is thought to stimulate wound closure by providing essential growth factors for healing. This study aims to evaluate the value of autologous PRP gel in the treatment of diabetic ulcers. The study included 56 patients of both sex from 18 to 80years, with clean chronic diabetic foot ulcers divided into 2 equal groups. The first group was treated by antiseptic ointment dressing, and the second group was treated by autologous platelet gel. PRP together with thrombin were prepared by centrifugation at each dressing session. Thrombin and calcium chloride were used to activate the PRP. The formed platelet gel was applied to the wound twice weekly. Statically significant increase in healing rate was found in the PRP-treated group, and complete healing was achieved in 86% of them in comparison to 68% of the control group. In the study group, rate of healing per week was greater during the first 8weeks and starts to decline afterward. The use of platelet gel showed a lower rate of wound infection. Autologous platelet gel is more effective than the local antiseptic dressing in terms of healing rate and prevention of infection in clean diabetic ulcers.

Severe skin radiodermatitis fully healed with the use of platelet gel and a hyperbaric chamber.

Severe skin radiodermatitis fully healed with the use of platelet gel and a hyperbaric chamber.

Intraoperative platelet rich plasma usage in total knee arthroplasty: does it help?

Autologous platelet rich plasma preparations, commonly referred to as platelet gel, have been reported to have benefits when used in total knee replacement of less blood loss and better motion, with few reported complications. This retrospective review of 268 consecutive primary total knee arthroplasty cases compares postsurgical range of motion at 2, 8, and 12 weeks, knee manipulation rates, change in hemoglobin, and complications between one group receiving a platelet gel preparation (135 cases), and an equivalent group receiving no platelet gel preparation (133 control cases). No difference was found between groups in manipulation rates, knee range of motion, or changes in hemoglobin (P > 0.05). The use of platelet gel in this study did not have a significant effect on hemoglobin at 72 hours postoperatively, knee range of motion, or manipulation rates up to 3 months post-op in this patient cohort.

The effects of platelet gel–released supernatant on human fibroblasts

In recent years, interest in the topical use of platelet gel (PG) to stimulate wound healing has rapidly extended into various clinical applications and specialized fields. Many recent in vitro and in vivo studies have attempted to explain the biological mechanisms involved in PG-induced tissue regeneration/reparation. However, it remains unclear which parameters should be used in clinical applications to obtain satisfactory results in the healing of wounds. Toward this end, the present study focused on understanding the relationship between platelet concentrations and the cellular parameters of the cell types, i.e., fibroblasts, involved in wound healing. Normal human dermal fibroblasts were treated with PG-released supernatant at various concentrations in different assays (proliferation, migration, invasion, and in vitro scratch wound closure) to identify the most effective concentration to promote the fibroblasts' activities. Different concentrations of platelets per microliter in PG have different levels of efficacy in inducing fibroblast activity. The most effective concentration was obtained from PG at a concentration of approximately 0.5-1.5 × 10(6) plt/μL; higher concentrations were less effective. This study shows that excessively high concentrations of platelets per microliter have an inhibitory effect on the wound healing processes and are, therefore, counterproductive.

Platelet gel supernatant as a potential tool to repopulate acellular heart valves

The aim of this study was to repopulate decellularized heart valve matrices with ovine mesenchymal stem cells (oMSCs) by the use of platelet gel (PG) supernatant, a storage vehicle for growth factors. oMSCs were exposed to different concentrations of PG-released supernatant and cell proliferation was evaluated using the MTS assay. oMSC motility and invasiveness were assayed using a Boyden chamber. A quantitative sandwich enzyme immunoassay was used to examine amounts of bFGF and TGF-β1 in the PG supernatant. Repopulation of acellular heart valve matrices was stimulated by seeding matrices with oMSCs supplemented with the PG supernatant. The most significant increase in proliferation induced by PG supernatant appeared at 1 × 10(5) plts/ml concentration. Higher concentrations evoked reduction of the stimulatory process. oMSC motility was most significantly stimulated at 1 × 10(6) plts/ml. Stimulating invasiveness of oMSCs needed the much higher concentration of 2 × 10(6) plts/ml. Immunoassays revealed that sheep PG supernatant contains 184.8 pg/ml bFGF and 60.5 ng/ml TGF-β1. Moreover, repopulation of acellular heart valve matrices was significantly enhanced by PG supernatant addition and resulted in upregulation of the myofibroblast marker alpha-smooth muscle actin. Growth factors released from platelets had the potential to induce cell repopulation in a heart valve tissue engineering procedure, through stimulation of mesenchymal stem-cell migration and invasion.

Paper # 90: The Role of Platelet Derived Growth Factors on Graft Healing After ACL Reconstruction

The platelet gel, applied locally, enhance early revascularization of the graft in the zone of the osteoligamentous interface in the bone tunnel, after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Long rehabilitation after arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction still represents big problems for patients, especially in professional sportsmen. The reason is slow graft healing in bone tunnels and a slow graft ligamentization process. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine if the use of platelet gel (PG) accelerates graft revascularisation after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, and does it have any morphological and clinical relevance for outcome of the operation. Platelet gel was produced from the platelet rich plasma (PRP), prepared from a unit of whole blood in an Autologous Platelet Separator. PG was applied locally. Fifty patients were included, 25 in the platelet and 25 in a control group. We quantitatively evaluated the process of revascularization in the zone of the osteoligamentous interface in the bone tunnels and in the intra-articular part of the graft. Contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies were carried out at 4-6, 10-12 and 25-27 weeks post surgery. We also evaluated extension of new sclerotic bone formation around tunnels and tunnels dilatation with MRI, knee stability with KT-2000 and functional outcomes with functional scores. At the first control (4-6 weeks), patients treated with PG demonstrated a significantly higher level of vascularization in the osteoligamentous interface (0.33±0.09), compared with the control group (0.16±0.09), p<0.001. In the intra-articular part of the graft we found no evidence of revascularization in either group. At the second control (10-12 W), the level of vascularisation decreased in the platelet group (0.20±0.13) and increased in the control group (0.17±0.10). In the intra-articular part of the graft we found minimal levels of revascularization but no differences among the groups. At third control (25-27 W) the level of vascularisation decreased in both group. The amount of new sclerotic bone formarion, was significantly higher in platelet group (68.57±14.2) in comparation with control group (54.50±16.6), p<0.0062, 6 months after surgery. The anteroposterior knee stability, was also significanty better in platelet (4.7±1.9) than in control (6.7±2.1) group, six months after sugery (p<0.003). The platelet gel, applied locally, enhance early revascularization of the graft in the zone of the osteoligamentous interface in the bone tunnel, after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Enhancement of this early postoperative biological process, is demonstrated in late morphological and clinical manifestations, as extensive new bone formation around bone tunnels, smaller enlargement of bone tunnels and more stable knee joint.

The use of platelet gel in postero-lateral fusion: preliminary results in a series of 14 cases

Over the last few years, some hemocomponents have been used advantageously in clinical neurosurgical practice, not systemically via transfusion but topically as a sealant (fibrin glue). This has diverted the attention of many authors to the role of platelets in the healing process. The combination of hyper-concentrated platelets and fibrin glue (fibrinogen, XIII factor, fibronectin) with activated thrombin produces a platelet gel that can be easily applied to "difficult" wounds. This topical use of hemocomponents has gained an important role in regenerative medicine. The authors have considered the possibility of using a preparation with a high autologous platelet concentration applied in addition to autologous bone during vertebral postero-lateral fusion. The aim of the procedure is to induce a higher rate of vertebral fusion. Between November 2007 and November 2008, 14 patients (9 men and 5 women, mean age 58.9) underwent laminectomy, vertebral stabilization and postero-lateral fusion. The number of vertebral levels involved in stabilization was: 1 in 2 patients, 2 in 5 patients, 3 in 5 patients, 4 in 1 patient and 5 in 1 patient. Platelet gel was obtained by taking 16 ml of peripheral venous blood from the patient. For this procedure two patented test tubes were used for each patient, with a capacity of 8 m each. These make up the REGEN-THT(®) (Thrombocyte Harvesting Tube) system that makes it possible to obtain 8 ml of autologous platelet gel in 40-45 min. The addition of Ca gluconate and ethanol at 95% makes it possible to obtain a preparation of plasma rich in platelets and activated thrombin with a platelet concentration five times superior to the haematic one. The platelet gel is combined with fragments of autologous bone and synthetic bone during surgical operation. To allow a comparative assessment of the degree of fusion achieved with and without application of the platelet preparation in each patient, it was arbitrarily decided to use it in only one half of the operative field. All patients underwent serial CT scans 3 and 6 months after surgery as well as plain X-rays to evaluate bone fusion. The reconstructed CT images, especially in sagittal and axial planes, permitted an evaluation of the degree of vertebral fusion and "bone growth". The fusion rate was calculated measuring the increment of bone density on CT images, by means of an evaluation of the ROI (HU) in the newly formed bone, and comparing bone density within the bone callus formed by autologous and synthetic bone alone in the one to which the platelet preparation had been added. A good rate of fusion was observed in all patients. Furthermore, a comparative analysis of ROI at 3 and 6 months after surgery demonstrated a high increase in the fusion rate during the first 3 months after surgery. After 6 months the differences in ROI between the two sides had balanced out. However, at 6-month follow-up examination, bone density in the half of the surgical field in which platelet gel had been added to autologous-heterologous bone was higher in comparison to the contralateral one. Bony neoformation after posterior-lateral arthrodesis is well-evident 3 months after surgery and usually continues gradually for the following 18-24 months. The autologous platelet preparation used seems to accelerate bony deposition and to promote tissue healing, increasing bone density at the level of posterior-lateral arthrodesis. Moreover, this preparation has low production costs and is easy to apply.

Platelet gel for the treatment of traumatic loss of finger substance.

Autologous or allogenic platelet gel is a blood component that exploits the effects of the cytokines contained in platelet α granules to stimulate repair processes. The properties of platelet gel were first tested on chronic ulcers to accelerate healing and later in orthopaedic, dental, vascular and cardiothoracic surgery. In our centre, we have been using platelet gel for 5 years, first for surgical patients with difficult wounds, then for orthopaedic patients undergoing osteosynthesis surgery and patients with ulcers not responding to traditional therapies. Subsequently we decided to extend the use of platelet gel also to amputations or traumatic loss of tissue of fingers. In this article we present the results obtained over 5 years concerning 115 patients with finger amputations or wounds treated with platelet gel in our Service of Transfusion Medicine. Platelets were obtained fom allogeneic buffy coats (10 mL) and the gel was produced by adding thrombin to concentrated platelets. The decision to use homologous platelet gel was based on its limited cost, ease of preparation, almost unlimited availability, the fact that the number of platelets that can be collected is much higher than the therapeutic range and so able to replace the losses due to secondary medication, and last, but not least, it causes no discomfort to patients. The safety of the product was ensured by virology tests including molecular biology studies. The recovery of soft tissue in all patients ranged from 80 to 100%; the median time for this recovery was 3 weeks (range, 10 days - 6 weeks). Approximately 60% of the patients complained of local hypoaesthesia for some weeks; 30% of the patients developed hyperaesthesia, which resolved completely within 6-8 weeks from starting treatment. Loss of bone tissue represented an obstacle to total tissue recovery, but the aesthetic results were satisfactory in nearly all cases. All patients showed good compliance, both because of the low frequency of medications (at most, twice a week) and because of the painless platelet gel applications. The only negative aspect was abnormal nail growth in a case of distal partial amputation of a finger. In conclusion, we believe that platelet gel can be very useful in patients with traumatic or surgical loss of finger tissue, since it can resolve critical situations thus avoiding amputation of residual tissue and compromised joint function.

Platelet gel in the treatment of cutaneous ulcers: the experience of the Immunohaematology and Transfusion Centre of Parma.

Platelet gel is being ever more frequently used to promote healing of cutaneous ulcers. However, the factors that determine the often variable clinical outcome of this procedure are still incompletely understood. The aims of this study were to demonstrate that platelet gel, even when obtained under strictly controlled conditions, produces highly variable outcomes in patients with cutaneous ulcers and to propose a method for in vitro standardisation of the biological properties of platelet gel. MATERIAL AND METHODS.: Patients were enrolled on the basis of a pre-defined protocol. Platelet concentrate was produced with standard methods, with a variability in platelet count among the different samples of less than 10%. The platelet gel for clinical use was obtained, under strictly standardized conditions, by adding thrombin and calcium gluconate to the concentrates. For in vitro studies, platelet gel, obtained from platelet-rich plasma from four donors, was frozen and thawed twice so as to increase gel contraction. The supernatant was used to modify cell proliferation, protein synthesis, and the expression of selected genes in cultures of human diploid fibroblasts. Seventeen patients (aged 44-78 years) with ulcers (4 diabetic, 11 vascular, 1 post-traumatic, 1 decubitus) were treated with platelet gel (4 autologous, 13 homologous). Complete re-epithelialisation of four ulcers (1 diabetic, 1 post-traumatic, 2 vascular) was obtained after applications of platelet gel (2 autologous, 2 homologous); in 11 other cases there was a greater than 50% reduction in the size of the ulcer. Two patients had no benefit. The supernatant of the platelet gel was able to promote dose-dependent proliferation and changes in gene expression as well as in metabolic activities related to protein synthesis. Although the use of platelet gel in the treatment of cutaneous ulcers is increasing, and conditions for its production are better standardised, very considerable variability of clinical outcomes is still observed, even within single centres, suggesting that there are differences in biological properties of platelet concentrates from individual patients which cannot be readily controlled with current techniques. The biological effects of the platelet gel supernatant described in this article may provide the basis for a simple biological validation of platelet preparations before their clinical use, so as to reduce this potentially important source of variability.

Effects of a Platelet Gel on Early Graft Revascularization after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind, Clinical Trial

Background: Slow graft healing in bone tunnels and a slow graft ligamentization process after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction are some of the reasons for prolonged rehabilitation. Aims: The purpose of this study was to determine if the use of platelet gel (PG) accelerates early graft revascularization after ACL reconstruction. Methods: PG was produced from autologous platelet-rich plasma and applied locally. We quantitatively evaluated the revascularization process in the osteoligamentous interface zone in the bone tunnels and in the intra-articular part of the graft by means of contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Results: After 4–6 weeks, the PG-treated group demonstrated a significantly higher level of vascularization in the osteoligamentous interface (0.33 ± 0.09) than the control group (0.16 ± 0.09, p < 0.001). In the intra-articular part of the graft, we found no evidence of revascularization in either group. Conclusion: Locally applied PG enhanced early revascularization of the graft in the osteoligamentous interface zone after ACL reconstruction.

Graft Options in Posterolateral and Posterior Interbody Lumbar Fusion

Review article, review of literature. To review the bone graft options that exist for posterolateral and posterior interbody lumbar fusion. As the number of lumbar fusion surgeries has increased over the last decade, alternative methods of grafting have been developed. Iliac crest autograft bone has traditionally been used for lumbar fusion. The downside to this graft option, however, is donor site morbidity. The current literature on alternatives to iliac crest autograft bone for obtaining lumbar fusion was reviewed. Platelet gels, demineralized bone matrix, synthetic bone graft, and bone morphogenetic protein are potential options for bone graft supplementation or substitution. In preclinical studies, platelet gels have been beneficial to bone growth when combined with autograft, but clinical studies do not support the use of platelet gel in posterolateral lumbar fusion. Preclinical studies of demineralized bone matrix have shown significant variability in the osteoinductive properties of the available products, and clinical data showing efficacy is limited. The use of synthetic bone graft material (ceramics) in lumbar fusion surgery is increasing. Calcium phosphate compounds (i.e., beta-tricalcium phosphate and hydroxyapetite) are most commonly used and are often combined with type I collagen to form a matrix. These materials provide an osteoconductive scaffold for bony ingrowth and can be combined with bone marrow aspirate or used as a carrier for osteogenic factors. Bone morphogenetic protein (rhBMP-2) has been shown to provide similar or even increased fusion rates over autograft iliac crest bone. There are, however, potential safety concerns associated with the use of bone morphogenetic protein that are not fully understood. Several alternatives to iliac crest autograft bone provide promising early clinical results in achieving posterolateral and posterior interbody lumbar fusion.

Autologous platelet gel in total knee arthroplasty: a prospective randomized study

Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is often associated with major postoperative blood loss, postoperative pain, and impaired wound healing. The application of autologous platelet gel (APG), prepared from the buffy coat of a unit of autologous blood, has been advocated to improve haemostasis after surgery, to decrease perioperative blood loss, diminish postoperative pain and to enhance the wound healing process. This randomized controlled pilot study was developed to assess the effects of APG after total knee arthroplasty on blood loss, wound healing, pain, range of motion, and hospital stay. A prospective, randomized observer blind controlled trial was performed. Forty patients with only osteoarthritis of the knee were scheduled to have a TKA, and they were randomized into two groups. Patients in the treatment group were all treated with the application of autologous platelet gel after the prosthesis was implanted. Patients in the control group were treated with the same protocol but no APG was used. Preoperative and postoperative Hb levels showed no significant difference and allogenic blood transfusions were not given in either group. Haematomas were significantly larger in the control group than in the platelet gel group (P=0.03). The pain score at rest was higher in the control group on the 3rd day (P=0.04). Wound healing disturbances were seen in four patients in the control group and in no patients in the APG group (n.s.). Range of motion of the knee was similar postoperatively. Hospital stay was 6.2days in the APG and 7.5days in the control group (n.s.). In this prospective randomized pilot study on APG in total knee arthroplasty, differences in favour of the use of platelet gel were found, but these were subjective evaluations, marginal in effect, or did not reach statistical significance. The use of drains might have decreased the concentration of delivered platelets and may have diminished the effect. However, in this study, a statistically significant clinically important effect in favour of platelet gel application was not found. Further studies with larger numbers of patients, and without the use of drains, are warranted to investigate the possible benefits of autologous platelet gel in total knee arthroplasty.

Use of platelet gel after surgery for wound breakdown prevention in recurrent vulvar cancer: case report

BackgroundVulvar carcinomas comprise almost 5% of all malignanttumors of the female genital tract [1]. Primary therapeu-tic approach is considered a radical surgery [2].Infection and wound breakdown are the most commoncomplications, these occur in approximately 40-60% ofpatients [3]. Objective to valuetheefficacyofplateletgel as support for reconstructive surgery in recurrentvulvar cancer.Materials and methodsFive old caucasian women with a history of vulvar cancer,referred to our Department, were treated for recurrentvulvar cancer. Before the vulvar surgery recostruction, anapplication of platelet gel was performed.ResultsOur data about wound healing, compared to results ofprevious cases of vulvar recurrence treated by ourdepartment, immediately show a reduction of complica-tions, early healing and patient mobilization with lesshospital stay, minimizing the costs. Other advantages ofthis new technique are the facility of application, noinfluence on operative time and low cost.ConclusionsIn consideration of the most frequent complications thatare reported after surgical treatment of vulvar recur-rence, as difficult and longer healing due to frequentnecrosis and breakdown of wounds, we had experimen-ted with the use of platelet gel [3]. In fact, thanks to itsproperties of regenerating and repairing tissues, plateletgel is being used ever more frequently in reconstructivesurgery [4]. The biological properties of platelet gelare basically due to the high concentrations of growthfactors (GF) [4].

Use of platelet gel for the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers

Background The aim of this paper is to evaluate the efficacy of platelet gel also for the management of “diabetic foot” lesions. The most important principle considered in this work is the activity of several tissue growth factors inside the pattern of gel.