Use Of Plastic Waste Research Articles

Experimental Study of Plastic Bricks Made from Waste Plastics

This study describes the use of municipal plastic waste (MPW) in the construction industry. Plastic is a nonbiodegradable material that takes thousands of years to decompose and causes soil and water pollution. The amount of plastic waste in municipal solid waste (MSW) is increasing rapidly. Usage is estimated to double every decade. Plastic consumption is high and one of the largest plastic wastes is polyethylene (PE). The use of earth-derived clay materials has caused resource depletion and one of these efforts is the efficient use of plastic waste and laterite quarry waste, along with small amounts of asphalt, to meet the growing demand for traditional building materials, which are less absorbent than laterite bricks. The challenge is to develop alternative building materials, such as brick, that have little but sufficient strength. The use of MPW as a building material, especially in brick production, is one of the promising steps towards sustainable resource and waste management. Plastic waste can partially or completely replace one or more raw materials in brick production. Further research based on recent research and a better understanding of the use of waste plastics in bricks is needed to produce high-quality and durable bricks and to achieve an optimal balance in all aspects, especially in terms of cost and functionality.

Optimizing the bituminous pavement constructions with waste plastic materials improved the road constructions performance and their future applications

The yearly production of plastic garbage is rising in the current environment as a result of the fast population rise. Recycling and reusing plastic trash is essential for sustainable development. The need of the hour is to utilize waste polythene for various supporting reasons since it is not biodegradable. These materials are made of polymers like polyethylene, polypropylene, and polystyrene. Due to the enhanced performance and elimination of the environmental issue, adding plastic waste to flexible pavement has emerged as a desirable choice. A composite material known as bituminous concrete (BC) is often utilized in construction projects such as road paving, airport terminals, and stopover areas. It includes mineral aggregate and black top or bitumen, which are combined, laid down in layers, and then compacted. The bituminous mixture in this research article was combined with plastic to use a chemical stabilizer. The ideal bitumen content is replaced by 0, 15%, 27%, and 36% plastic, as well as the bitumen's weight, stability, and Marshall value to create hypothermal. A linear scale is used to compare the flow rates to the bituminous mixture. The characterization of plastics contains bituminous materials are done by the SEM–EDX, XRD, FTIR and BET analysis. There have been several studies on the addition of trash to bituminous mixes, but this one is focused on the use of plastic waste as a modification in a bitumen binder for flexible pavement. According to research, bituminous mixes containing up to 4 percent plastic waste are excellent for sustainable development.

Pengaplikasian Inovasi Ecobrick Solusi Berkelanjutan dalam Pengelolaan Limbah Botol Plastik pada Siswa SDN 026 Rambah Samo Kabupaten Rokan Hulu

The use of plastic waste and used bottles in Lubuk Napal Village was innovated into Ecobricks which were implemented at SDN 026 Rambah Samo. The aim of this activity is to foster sensitivity, awareness, concern and creativity to use and process waste as best as possible. This activity produces benches and tables that can be used by students in the reading garden at SDN 026 Rambah Samo.

An evaluation of the use of plastic waste in the manufacture of plastic bricks

An integrated analysis is performed for the present study, including an evaluation of the mechanical and durability properties of plastic brick, a cost-effectiveness analysis, and an eco-benefit analysis of recycling plastic waste into bricks. To promote sustainable construction practices, pp waste is used in plastic brick to replace waste material often discarded in landfills and burned. This study involved the preparation of 36 (230 mm × 110 mm × 90 mm) bricks. Modified fly ash containing 40, and 45% of the cement weight was incorporated into the samples. There is an increase in waste production among the Indian population. Some of these wastes pose a threat to the environment. There is also a significant amount of plastic waste in the country. Even though it is not biodegradable, it poisons trees and aquatic organisms. Thus, waste plastics were repurposed for use in the construction industry. Cement, fly ash, M sand, and plastic waste fibers are used to make plastic bricks. Polypropylene (PP) has a high deformation capacity and is a cost-effective material. Plastic waste is used in this study in the form of polypropylene fibers. To produce the bricks, different mix ratios were used in which PP waste was used in proportions of 5%, 10%, and 15% (represented as Mix1, Mix2, and Mix3), based on the total mixing of the polycarbonate substance volume of bricks. The purpose of this study is to investigate the feasibility of utilizing plastic wastes to produce a cost-effective and lightweight plastic brick for use in construction. Compressive strength, water absorption, soundness, efflorescence, and hardness tests were carried out on the bricks. The compressive strength of mix 2 at a load of 426 kg is the highest of the three plastic bricks tested. A comparison of this proportion with other mix proportions and conventional brick effectiveness.

The impact of willingness to pay, environmental awareness, consumer behavior, consumer attitudes toward purchase decisions on sustainable packaging in Indonesia

Background: Packaging is considered a vital component of the marketing mix. Sustainable Packaging is packaging that is very important to use in Indonesia because of the large amount of environmental damage due to plastic waste and the large amount of plastic waste that we usually find in waterways which causes flooding everywhere. Environmental Awareness is one of the reasons for increasing public awareness to reduce the use of plastic waste and to start switching to sustainable packaging. In Indonesia, they have started to use sustainable packaging, but public awareness is still lacking and sometimes they still like to use plastic. The purpose of this research is to examine the impact of willingness to pay, environmental awareness, consumer behavior, and consumer attitudes toward purchasing decisions on sustainable packaging in Indonesia. Methods: A quantitative method was used as the research design method by conducting online questionnaires. The questionnaires were distributed online for those who have an intention to sustainable packaging in Indonesia. The total respondents in this research are 153. The data analysis design that is used in this research is Partial Least Square-based Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) using Smart-PLS software 4 starting from the measurement of the outer model, inner model, and hypothesis testing. Findings: This study has 4 hypotheses and the results show that willingness to pay, environmental awareness, consumer behavior, and consumer attitudes directly impact purchase decisions. Conclusion: Willingness to pay and consumer behavior significantly impact purchase decisions regarding sustainable packaging, whereas environmental awareness does not. Novelty/Originality of this Study: This comprehensive examination investigates how willingness to pay, environmental awareness, consumer behavior, and consumer attitudes specifically influence purchase decisions on sustainable packaging within the unique socio-economic and cultural context of Indonesia. By using Partial Least Squares-based Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), the study provides nuanced insights into the direct impacts of these variables, an area that is relatively unexplored in Indonesian market dynamics.

Correlation between destructive and non-destructive evaluation to study of plastic waste aggregate mortar: a case study of mechanical proprieties

Non-destructive evaluation using ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) testing has extensive applications in the cement materials industry. Ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) test is accepted as alternative to destructive testing to determine the compressive strength, dynamic modulus of elasticity, and Poisson’s ratio, which are needed for structural design. In modern construction technology, the use of Plastic waste (PW) as a partial replacement to natural aggregates in a mortar mix is growing in popularity primarily because it reduces the initial capital cost of raw materials and the associated conservation in environment. In this regard, this study explains the correlations between mechanical proprieties, and UPV tests for mortar contains 25%, 50%, and 75% of waste aggregate of plastic. Mortar based on Plastic Waste (MPW) specimens were tested by direct, semi-direct, and indirect UPV. UPV measurements can be effectively used to determine the dynamic modulus of elasticity and Poisson’s ratio of Mortar based on Plastic Waste MPW. The dynamic elastic modulus and the Poisson’s ratio decreases for the same mortar composite when at increasing PW content. Thus, the incorporation of PW particles into the cement matrix confirms the capacity of composites to reduce the sound intensity and damp vibrations inside the composites. The results of this study will be significant for non-destructive evaluations of MPW, while additional recommendations for future studies are presented at the end of the paper.

Effects of Impurities and Ageing on the Functional and Rheological Properties of Asphalts with Additives from Recovered and Pyrolysis-Processed Plastics.

This article is a continuation of work on the use of plastic waste (such as PP, PS, LDPE, HDPE, and their mixtures) processed in the proprietary pyrolysis process as asphalt additives. The article carried out detailed tests of the mixes of selected additives with pen-graded bitumen 50/70, taking into account, among others, the influence of impurities and the ratio of PE to PP in the additives as well as short- (RTFOT) and long-term (RTFOT + PAV) ageing. An extensive research program was carried out, including functional and rheological tests in a wide range of temperatures. First, tests of stability and adhesion to various types of aggregates were carried out, demonstrating the usefulness of the proposed additives. Then, the elastic recovery and the impact of technological ageing on penetration, Fraass breaking temperature, and plasticity range were assessed. The same binder mixes were subjected to rheological tests in a wide range of technological and operational temperatures, assessing, among others, viscosity, the norm of the complex shear modulus, elastic recovery and compliance in the MSCR test, and stiffness in the bending beam rheometer. This entire class of tests was carried out for clean samples and those containing impurities, indicating their impact on individual material parameters.

Study of Characteristics of Bitumen and Aggregate with Use of Plastic Waste

Plastic is everywhere, and its use in different forms is increasing day by day despite discouragement from the government. Plastic waste disposal is a global issue since they are non-biodegradable and toxic in burning. Plastic pollution threatens food quality, human health, sanitation, and the ecosystem and contributes to climate change. The usage of plastic waste in elements (bitumen and aggregate) used in road construction was the main objective of this study. With use of appropriate plastic waste in building of road would not only reduce material cost but also contributes in solving plastic waste management issue. Nepal being a developing country with low Gross Domestic Product (GDP) where most of the districts are still deprived of good flexible pavement networks, plastic modified roads could be a value engineering and economic solution. The paper highlights by which method plastic waste can be used effectively in road construction by performing different experimental tests reflecting the characteristics of bitumen and aggregate on addition of plastic. The study has determined the penetration, softening point, ductility values of bitumen and impact and abrasion values of aggregate in addition to different percentage of plastic waste. According to the study, bitumen's penetration and ductility value drop with increasing plastic content, making it better suited for usage in warmer climates, but its softening point rises, ensuring a stronger resistance to flow in services. Comparably, when in aggregate plastic content rises, both its AIV value and its LA abrasion value fall, enhancing the aggregate's toughness and ability to endure greater wear and tear.

KARAKTERISTIK PRODUK CAIR CO-PYROLYSIS SAMPAH PLASTIK DAN PELUMAS BEKAS

The increasing usage of plastic is proportional to the amount of plastic waste today. The plastic usage makes the human live easier especially for packaging purposes. However, it also has a negative impact to the environment. This is due to it cannot easily decompose. Therefore, it can reduce the level of soil fertility. Besides plastic, lubricant waste from motor vehicles can induce an environmental problem as well since it is categorized of hazardous material (B3) waste. Currently, the use of plastic waste has been widely carried out by correlating into liquid fuel through thermal cracking or pyrolysis treatment. It produces liquid and it can be used as an alternative liquid fuel. This study uses the co-pyrolysis method for treating the used plastic waste with used lubricants. The composition ratios used are 10:0, 10:2, 10:4, 10:6, and 10:8. The highest acquisition of liquid products was in the composition ratio of 10:6 as much as 24.67% with a calorific value of 11015.33 cal/g. Then the highest calorific, density, and viscosity values were obtained, namely at the 10:8 composition ratio of 11061.67 cal/g, 0.8906 g/mL, and 0.927 cSt. It was concluded that the mixing of used lubricants in the co-pyrolysis of LDPE plastic waste was able to increase the calorific value of the liquid product produced.

Pemanfaatan Sampah Plastik Menjadi Tikar Piknik

Plastic waste is a type of waste that is difficult to break down properly. Community support is needed to re-manage plastic waste in the form of useful products, namely by turning it into picnic mats. This is aimed at helping to improve of the people of Pelalangan Hamlet, Karang Kedawung Village, Jember Regency regarding recycling plastic waste properly, and provide understanding to the community about the use of inorganic waste. The method that will be used is the Asset Based Community Development method activities in the use of plastic waste into picnic mats.

Multicriteria analysis of the components of ecological paving stones made from plastic and glass waste, and granular reinforcements

The use of plastic waste as a resource in construction applications is an opportunity for environmental protection, conservation of natural resources and reduction of pollution. Unfortunately, they don't always withstand the stresses to which they are subjected, leading to subsidence and collapsing. An analysis of the causes using the Pareto curve shows that 74.47 % of the causes of this collapse are due to poorly formulated mixes and poor choice of raw materials for the composite. The compressive test carried out on the first sample of pavers studied showed a maximum compressive strength value of 4.6 MPa, which is below the standard requirements. As a result, the pavers were considered unsuitable for use on a T5 road. Through the use of the SUPERDECISION software, we were able to identify two favourable constituent materials - glass/glass waste and gravel - for the production of composite paving stones. By adding low-density plastic waste, collected, cleaned and crushed in the form of aggregates, we obtain a compressive strength of 7 MPa with gravel and 8 MPa with glass waste. These values are below the recommendations of the NF EN 1339 standard (Rc ≥ 20 MPa) for T5 traffic. The best composition for ecological paving is therefore (PET/PP/PEBD) + sand + glass (50/12.5/37.5). Analyzing these results shows that the raw materials used for ecological paving should be adapted to the loads.

Incorporating plastic waste fibres for sustainable sandy soil

The increase in urbanization has led governments to build on sites with certain geotechnical ‎hazards, such as liquefaction, ‎low bearing capacity, etc. In recent decades, as governments ‎have focused their efforts on the environmental and ‎economic aspects, researchers have ‎emphasized the need to use suitable alternative materials for the best design features, also the issue of plastic pollution is a significant global problem that requires urgent attention, current initiatives focus on the use of technical solutions to integrate non-biodegradable plastics into ‎the construction of buildings and road pavement.‎ ‎In this ‎paper, a series of direct shear tests were performed to evaluate the benefits of plastic wastes, ‎such as polypropylene ‎‎(PP) pots, and the engineering properties of sand reinforced with such ‎materials. To highlight the contribution of the ‎reinforcement to the shear strength, the ‎tests were carried out on sand reinforced with variable fibre contents (0.2, 0.4, 0.6, ‎and 0.8%) ‎for loose-density sand and medium-density sand. ‎ The experimental results showed that the increase in shear ‎strength is relatively more significant for specimens prepared with dry deposition mode as compared to those prepared ‎with wet deposition mode and it is increased with the fibre content. The inclusion of randomly distributed fibres has a significant effect on the shear strength and dilatation of sandy soils. Furthermore, the recycling fibre used in this study ‎shows a better performance in terms of shear strength. In conclusion, the use of plastic waste as ‎reinforcement would lead ‎to at least two solutions: soil reinforcement and reducing the ‎environmental impact of waste.

Penanganan Sampah Plastik Di Desa Medan Krio Menjadi Barang Berguna Siap Pakai Kab.Deli Serdang

One non-organic waste that is used extensively in daily life is plastic, particularly for food packaging vendors and as a raw material for toy manufacturers. Waste will result from the vast amount of plastic that residents of Medan Krio use and discard after consumption. The goal of the research program's implementation is to enable locals to recycle waste materials to create valuable products. The village of Medan Krio Village has a high population density, which has led to the development of waste management issues. The village has traditionally disposed of waste by burning it and throwing it beside the street, which is why there is a garbage stench. which has a strong odor as a result of careless trash dumping. In light of this issue, Ecobricks may offer a way to lessen plastic waste and turn it into products with a positive economic impact. Method: PAR (Participatory Action Research), which is study that identifies issues and then offers potential solutions. Findings: The Ecobrick technique is being used in Medan Krio Village to make use of plastic waste. A recycling technique known as "ecobricks" uses plastic bottles that have been packed full of non-organic materials until they are extremely hard and dense.

Memanfaatkan Limbah Sedotan Plastik Menjadi Vas Bunga Hias

This journal was created to learn how to make flower vases from plastic straws. A descriptive qualitative research methodology was applied in this literature review type of research. The results show that the use of plastic waste to make flower vases is one way to reduce the amount of plastic waste in the environment because plastic waste cannot decompose. By using plastic waste as the basic material for making flower vases, plastic waste can be reused and prevent the accumulation of plastic waste in the environment.

Use of plastic waste as recycled material in the concrete

In this study, we examined the effect of adding recycled plastics to concrete. The waste plastics were collected from a local market. The disposal of plastics is a major issue with many negative consequences. Plastic, being inorganic, does not change the chemical characteristics of concrete and has no effect on its quality or consistency, making it an ideal material for use in the construction industry, where it may help reduce plastic waste. Plastic has dual uses in concrete as a filler ingredient and as an additive to enhance the mechanical properties of the material. The concrete was prepared using five different amounts of aggregate substitution by volume: 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50%. Cubes and beams were cast, cured, and tested using a universal testing machine. A mixed proportion was made using the different ingredients used in the concrete. At 7, 21, and 28 d, the results showed that the compressive and flexural strengths increased as the percentage of plastic waste increased. Also, flexural strength improved with an increase in the proportion of plastic waste, reaching a maximum at 30%. These results highlight that, as plastic fiber decreases the quantity of industrial fibers needed in concrete, it is also proven to be more inexpensive.

Sustainable Production of Building Blocks using A Recycled Plastic Waste

Abstract: Plastic waste is one of the materials that constitutes environmental nuisance and contribute to global warming. The global need to ameliorate the effect of global warming through waste reduction and recycling necessitated this research. The study involved using recycled plastic waste to produce building blocks. The low density plastic waste were collected from dump sites, cleaned and dried before melted and mixed with a fine aggregate at different ratios. The molten slurry formed by mixture of melted plastic waste and fine was poured into the metal mould and allowed to set. The result of the study showed that plastic sand blocks have a compressive strength ranging from 6.8N/mm2 to13.15N/mm2 which has a 3.3% higher than that of normal sand blocks. The water absorption rate, bulk density and Efflorescence results are within the acceptable limits. The exhibition favorable properties of blocks and need for sustainability of our environment should encourage the use of plastic waste produced blocks. This research indicates that bricks produced with plastics exhibit fine surface finishing, low porosity, and light weight, coupled with high compressive strength. Comparatively, these bricks surpass conventional clay bricks in both strength and weight reduction. The study recommends employing bricks produced with plastics for load bearing and framed structures, as well as in wet lands. Additionally, further investigations into different mix ratios are suggested to enhance quality and durability.

Pengaruh Penggunaan Limbah Plastik LDPE sebagai Modifikator Campuran AC-WC

In recent years, the increasing amount of plastic waste in many cities in developing countries, including Kupang City, has become a serious environmental problem. The use of plastic waste as a pavement material is one solution to deal with the problem of plastic waste. One type of plastic that can be used as an asphalt mixture modification material is Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE). This research aims to determine the use of LDPE plastic waste modified with AC-WC (Asphalt Concrete-Wearing Course). Five variations of AC-WC mixture were made based on LDPE plastic waste content of 6, 7, 8, 9, 10% based on optimum bitumen content (OBC). Marshall test method was used to determine the OBC and to evaluate the marshall characteristics of LDPE modified AC-WC. The OBC of conventional AC-WC was found to be 5.23% by weight of total aggregate while the ptimum plastic modified bitumen content (OPMBC) of LDPE modified AC-WC was 7.45% by weight of OBC. AC-WC modified with 7.45% LDPE waste had 47.98% higher OPMBC compared to conventional AC-WC

Experimental investigation on the utilization of plastic waste and construction demolition waste in brick manufacturing.

Bricks have been a significant construction and building material for a long time bricks are made of clay burnt under high and are widely use around the world. Traditional masonry temperatures, resulting in high energy consumption, environmental contaminations and decreased natural raw materials. So in order to limit nature risks, waste materials such as plastic waste and construction demolished waste can be used to produce bricks. It is estimated that the construction industry generates about 10-12 million tons of construction waste and nearly 300 million tons of plastic wastes annually, which cause a threat to the environment. So the introduction of new technologies to recycle and convert waste into useful materials is crucial for environmental protection and sustainable development. The study deals with an experimental investigation on the use of plastic waste and construction demolition (CDW) waste in brick manufacturing. This work aims at establishing the optimum percentage of plastic waste in construction demolition waste by adding various percentages of plastic (20%, 25%, 30%) in construction demolition waste based on compressive strength. From tests it is observed that brick incorporating plastic waste and CDWs with 30% of plastic waste gives the highest compressive strength of 7.84 N/mm2 which meets the strength requirement for second class bricks. Hence the bricks incorporating the plastics and CDW can be successfully manufactured and can be used for various applications.

Pengenalan Tanaman Hidroponik dengan Mengkreasi Limbah Plastik pada Siswa Sekolah Dasar

Hydroponics can be an alternative program for elementary or early childhood education as a form of effort to instill an entrepreneurial spirit in agriculture. In addition to raising the theme of hydroponics in community service, we display Go Green material, namely the use and management of plastic waste as a support in Hydroponics activities. Many benefits of the Hydroponics program and the utilization of plastic waste in schools are as follows. Introducing this hydroponic planting system as a new knowledge for students, increasing students' knowledge and insight about the use of plastic waste, and instilling the spirit of farming from an early age. The indicators of the achievement of community service activities are the active participation of SD Pejagan students during the activity and the last achievement is that students practice at their respective homes.

The Role of Environmental Law in Encouraging Reducing the Use of Plastic Waste in Indonesia

Indonesia is one of the countries with the largest waste producer in the world, Indonesia is listed as one of the largest contributors to marine plastic waste in the world. It is recorded that the amount of plastic waste from Indonesia into the oceans reaches 56,333 metric tons every year. This is due to the excessive use of plastic waste and the ineffective decomposition of plastic waste in Indonesia. This study aims to analyze the role of environmental law in encouraging the reduction of the use of plastic waste in Indonesia by using the library study method. This research was conducted by collecting and analyzing various literature sources related to plastic waste and the role of environmental law in reducing plastic waste in Indonesia. Library sources used include journals, books, papers, conferences, and related legal documents. The results of the analysis show that the role of environmental law in encouraging the reduction of the use of plastic waste in Indonesia is still not effective. The presence of environmental law has not been able to be a solution to overcome the problem of plastic waste in Indonesia. Through this literature study, efforts can be made to reduce the population of plastic waste in Indonesia by using various methods, ranging from the use of regulations and regulations, and ways of processing plastic waste that can be done to reduce the amount of plastic waste in Indonesia.