Use Of Personal Vehicles Research Articles

Диалог с «вождем»: письма и записки Г. Е. Зиновьеву как средство коммуникации граждан и власти. 1918–1921 гг.

The article examines the practice of communication between the population and G. E. Zinoviev, the first chairman of the Petrograd Soviet after the October Revolution, during the Civil War (1918-1921). Based on the material of written appeals to the leader ("letters to the authorities") the problematic components of the public image of the head of the local government and their solutions within the framework of Zinoviev's campaigning activities. Researchers had previously used this type of source mainly to reconstruct public sentiment in subsequent eras of New Economic Policy and Industrialization, without focusing on the importance of this form of dialogue with the population for the authorities themselves during the period of war communism, especially at the regional level. The article describes three types of written appeals: letters and notes received at meetings. Analyses of both type based on the peculiarities of the communicative situation in which the appeals were written: the possibility of establishing authorship, the proximity of the authors to the addressee at the time of creation, the format of the appeal and its goals. The study analyzed 349 records (142 letters and 207 notes) from G. E. Zinoviev's personal funds stored in the State Archive of the Russian Federation (GARF) and the Russian State Archive of Socio-Political History (RGASPI); in the funds of the departments headed by him during the specified period, in the Central State Archive of St. Petersburg (CGA SPb). For letters, the most common motives for their appearance are identified: the plight of the author and his family; dissatisfaction with the work of Soviet, party and military bodies; the desire to acquire a certain position in society (a place in the service, in the Red Army); the reaction to Zinoviev's speech or publication of employees–intellectuals. As an important underlying motive, the desire of the authors of the letters to establish personal contact with the leader through a meeting or to emphasize a previous acquaintance was revealed, which may illustrate a crisis of trust in society to the authorities or the lack of a culture of written appeal. The popular aspects of criticism of the head of the Petrograd Soviet contained in letters and notes are highlighted: privileges in the supply of food, the use of personal vehicles, Jewish origin and the discrepancy of statements with policy. In the final part of the article, Zinoviev's self-presentation techniques are analyzed in the context of the above-mentioned criticism. Such a characteristic feature is noted as the use of the letters received by the leader to demonstrate solidarity with the population, as well as the consonance of the claims made to him with his own criticism of the "attached" communists.

Comparative GIS Analysis of Public Transport Accessibility in Metropolitan Areas

With urban areas facing rapid population growth, public transport plays a key role to provide efficient and economic accessibility to the residents. It reduces the use of personal vehicles leading to reduced traffic congestion on roads and reduced pollution. To assess the performance of these transport systems, prior studies have taken into consideration the blank spot areas, population density, and stop access density; however, very little research has been performed to compare the accessibility between cities using a GIS-based approach. This paper compares the access and performance of public transport across Melbourne and Sydney, two cities with a similar size, population, and economy. The methodology uses spatial PostGIS queries to focus on accessibility-based approach for each residential mesh block and aggregates the blank spots, and the number of services offered by time of day and the frequency of services at the local government area (LGA) level. The results of the study reveal an interesting trend: that with increase in distance of LGA from city centre, the blank spot percentage increases while the frequency of services and stops offering weekend/night services declines. The results conclude that while Sydney exhibits a lower percentage of blank spots and has better coverage, performance in terms of accessibility by service time and frequency is better for Melbourne’s LGAs, even as the distance increases from the city centre.

Personal vehicle use and food security among US adults who are primary shoppers for households with children

In 2020, 2.9 million households with children were food secure. Previous studies have demonstrated that reduced car access may contribute to issues of food security. This study examines whether using a personal vehicle by primary shoppers of households with children is associated with food security. Data were from US adults who were primary shoppers for households with children (N = 997) in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2017–2018. Participants reported their means of transportation to complete grocery shopping, which was categorized as using a personal vehicle or another mode of transportation. Household food security was measured using the US Food Security Survey Module and categorized as full food security, marginal food security, low food security, or very low food security. Multinomial logistic regression models estimated the association between transportation mode and food security. Adjusted models included age, race/ethnicity, education, and poverty-to-income ratio variables. 3.8% (SE: 0.6%) of US adults who are primary shoppers for households with children did not use a personal vehicle for grocery shopping. US adults who used a personal vehicle for grocery shopping were less likely to report very low food security [22.1% (SE: 7.4%) vs. 8.5% (SE: 1.3%), aOR = 0.4, 95% CI 0.1–1.0]. There were no differences in marginal food security [18.3% (SE: 3.3%) vs. 13.1% (SE: 1.7%), aOR = 0.9, 95% CI 0.6–1.5] or low food security [30.6% (SE: 8.7%) vs. 16.1% (SE: 1.7%), aOR = 0.6, 95% CI 0.2–1.7]. Future research and interventions should address how transportation access may contribute to food security in families with children.

ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ СТАНУ ПАРКУВАЛЬНОГО ПРОСТОРУ МІСТА ВІННИЦІ

The change in approaches to the organization of parking space in the conditions of modern urban development of cities is considered.The domestic and foreign practice of designing parking lots oriented to residential development is analyzed.The trend of changes in the design, construction and organization of parking lots in highly developed cities has been revealed, in the direction of moving away from meeting the needs of all car owners in parking spaces to integrating parking spaces into the residential and transport infrastructure of cities.Modern parking lots are adaptive, integrated, functionally changing urban spaces over time, which allow regulating the number of cars on city streets.In Ukraine, the design of parking lots still gravitates towards the level of car mobility and the radius of accessibility to parking lots. The article examines the types, distribution, types by purpose and placement of parking spaces in the city of Vinnytsia.The problem of parking space organization in the city of Vinnytsia has been determined. The peculiarities of the formation of the existing parking space in the city of Vinnytsia, depending on the formation of the existing development of the city districts, functional purpose and the way of using the territory, were studied.The main typology of the city's parking lots and their condition have been determined.The main trends in the organization of parking space in the city of Vinnytsia are presented and rational directions for its further development are proposed, which allow to reduce the use of personal vehicles when moving around the city and free the city spaces from excessive overloading with cars

ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ СТАНУ ПАРКУВАЛЬНОГО ПРОСТОРУ МІСТА ВІННИЦІ

The change in approaches to the organization of parking space in the conditions of modern urban development of cities is considered. The domestic and foreign practice of designing parking lots oriented to residential development is analyzed. The trend of changes in the design, construction and organization of parking lots in highly developed cities has been revealed, in the direction of moving away from meeting the needs of all car owners in parking spaces to integrating parking spaces into the residential and transport infrastructure of cities. Modern parking lots are adaptive, integrated, functionally changing urban spaces over time, which allow regulating the number of cars on city streets. In Ukraine, the design of parking lots still gravitates towards the level of car mobility and the radius of accessibility to parking lots. The article examines the types, distribution, types by purpose and placement of parking spaces in the city of Vinnytsia. The problem of parking space organization in the city of Vinnytsia has been determined. The peculiarities of the formation of the existing parking space in the city of Vinnytsia, depending on the formation of the existing development of the city districts, functional purpose and the way of using the territory, were studied. The main typology of the city's parking lots and their condition have been determined. The main trends in the organization of parking space in the city of Vinnytsia are presented and rational directions for its further development are proposed, which allow to reduce the use of personal vehicles when moving around the city and free the city spaces from excessive overloading with cars.

Urban planning characteristics of the areas affecting on the frequency of using private transport

The article examines the urban planning characteristics of the districts of Yekate-rinburg, which affect the frequency of use of personal vehicles, as well as the level of motori-zation in each district. The main factors are: the remoteness of the district from the city center, the development of the route and transport network, the provision of the district with places of employment, housing security per person, the availability of high-speed public transport. The principles according to which it is necessary to calculate parking spaces, depending on the characteristic features of each district, are defined. A population survey was conducted, according to the results of which the importance of urban planning factors for residents of the city was determined, as well as the percentage of the difference in the use of a private car in the central districts of the peripheral city. The method of differentiated calculation of parking spaces in the districts of the city of Yekaterinburg, depending on a comprehensive assessment of transport and planning characteristics, is given.

Changing Trends in Personal Vehicle Use

Even 50 years ago a personal car was an item of luxury and status, but in the future the situation began to change. At this time, the car is a necessary and quite affordable means of transportation for many people. Statistical observation in the last decade has shown that the number of cars in Russia has doubled - this has given rise to a lot of problems of a different nature, had a negative impact on the environment. However, with regard to personal vehicles, in recent years there has been a trend towards the refusal of an increasing number of people to purchase and use a personal car. This article examines the reasons that encourage people to abandon the use of personal vehicles, and also analyzes data on the problems associated with cars in an urban environment. The ways of solving these problems in favor of the development and improvement of public transport and alternative ways of using transport in the urban environment are given.

Family challenges in personal transportation of children with medical complexity.

This study aimed to explore the family experience and associated challenges of transporting children with medical complexity (CMC) in personal vehicles. Parents/guardians of CMC in Maryland were recruited to participate in an audiotaped, semi-structured interview. Conventional content analysis was applied to transcripts. Data from 29 participants who indicated use of personal vehicles to transport their CMC were included in the analysis. Transportation challenges were common, and analysis revealed the following themes: 1) challenges transitioning in/out of the vehicle: excess planning time, child factors (e.g., weight), equipment factors (e.g., wheelchair), physical and environmental factors, 2) safety and comfort: CMC positioning/restraints, driver distraction, 3) financial challenges: travel costs related to medical care, accessible modification costs, transportation equipment costs, insurance delays in equipment coverage, 4) adverse family repercussions: parental physical health, isolation, and 5) evolving and unpredictable transportation needs. Families with CMC experience multifactorial challenges that impact all phases of travel in personal vehicles and negatively impact child and family safety, access to community and medical care, family finances, and overall well-being. Health care providers can support families by identifying transportation challenges that contribute to health inequities, tailoring solutions to the family's unique needs, and advocating at a policy level to promote change.

A combination of DEA and AIMSUN to manage big data when evaluating the performance of bus lines

The bus network, including several bus lines (BLs), is the most important public transportation system in many cities. A bus line (BL) may be inefficient compared to the other BLs. Therefore, solutions are needed to make it efficient. Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is a mathematical programming model that can measure the performance of BLs and provide solutions to improve the performance of inefficient BLs. However, DEA can consider only a few attributes when evaluating BLs, while this evaluation requires big data to be considered. Moreover, DEA solutions may negatively affect exogenous variables, in particular social and environmental variables. Although these variables are not directly related to measuring BLs’ efficiency, they may affect the implementation of DEA solutions. For example, reducing the number of buses on an inefficient line can increase its efficiency. However, it may indirectly increase the use of personal vehicles, resulting in more pollution and traffic. If the magnitude of this pollution or traffic is too high, decision-makers (DMs) may ignore improving the efficiency of that BL. Thus, the magnitude of possible negative consequences of DEA solutions, especially on critical social and environmental variables, should be estimated before their implementation. This study uses AIMSUN simulation software to pre-evaluate the negative effects of DEA solutions on critical exogenous social and environmental variables. We use a real example to illustrate that DEA solutions sometimes may not be implemented due to their harmful negative consequences.

Sustainable Transportation Managing in University Campuses: The Case of Middle East Technical University

As the level of income of countries rises, sustainability-related issues are improved in general; however, problems regarding the increase in the amount of waste and carbon emissions worsen. The increasing level of wealth in both developing and developed countries, as well as cultural transformations that encourage the use of personal vehicles, threaten sustainability on a global scale. Generally, higher education institutions are places of great mobility thanks to their students, personnel, and visitors. For this reason, creating eco-friendly ways of transportation in these places is one of the most important aspects of having sustainable campuses. The reason why it is crucial is that creating a livable environment by providing sustainable transportation alternatives on campuses leads students to potentially continue with these practices in their lives afterward. Although there are various widely accepted practices of managing sustainable transportation implemented in higher education institutions, it is of great importance for these institutions to conduct a comprehensive situation analysis first so that their sustainable transportation policies can be shaped correctly. In this way, it can be possible for the universities to evaluate their current situations thoroughly and thus implement their own practices in accordance with their conditions. This study endeavors to examine the issue of eco-friendly transportation for sustainable campuses, evaluate the practices of Middle East Technical University in this respect, and raise suggestions for higher education institutions.Keyword: Sustainability, Transportation Management, University Campus

Development of recommendations to popularize the idea of using public transport services by city residents

The development of the region’s economy and social sphere is promoted by the effective functioning of public transport, which contributes to the reduction of traffic jams as a result of the reduced use of personal vehicles; solving the problem of parking spaces in city centers; and reducing emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere. To find out the prospects of plans to introduce mechanisms of economic stimulation of the influx of the population in public transport, it is important to conduct research on the attitude of residents of large Russian cities to the possibility of abandoning the use of private cars as the main means of transportation in their municipalities. The purpose of the study is to develop recommendations to address the reasons that may make urban residents want to own and use private cars for their movements and to popularize the idea of using public transport services by urban residents. During the study a number of hypotheses were formulated, the confirmation or non-confirmation of which was checked in the analysis of the results of the sociological survey with the help of two- and three-dimensional tables. The practical significance of the study lies in the fact that the developed recommendations to popularize the idea of using public transport services by city residents can be used by local authorities.

Factors associated with emerging multimodal transportation behavior in the San Francisco Bay Area

Abstract This paper identifies the influence of demographic, local transportation environment, and individual preferences for transportation attributes on multimodal transportation behavior in an urban environment with emergent transportation mode availability. Multimodality is the use of more than one mode of transportation during a given timeframe. Multimodality has been considered a key component of sustainable and efficient transportation systems, as this travel behavior can represent a shift away from personal vehicle use to more sustainable transportation modes, especially in urban environments with diverse transportation systems and emergent shared transportation alternatives (e.g., carsharing, ridehailing, bike sharing). However, it is unclear what factors contribute towards people being more likely to exhibit multimodal transportation behavior in modern urban environments. We assessed commuting behavior based on a survey administered in the San Francisco Bay Area according to whether residents commuted (i) exclusively by vehicle, (ii) by a mix of vehicle and non-vehicle modes, or (iii) exclusively by non-vehicle modes. A classification tree approach identified correlations between commuting classes and demographic variables, preferences for transportation attributes, and location-based information. The characterization of commuting styles could inform regional transportation policy and design that aims to reduce vehicle use by identifying the demographic, preference, and location-based considerations correlated with each commuting style.

Integrated Urban Mobility for Our Health and the Climate: Recommended Approaches from an Interdisciplinary Consortium

Background: The purpose of this paper is to suggest an approach to aid with the creation of an interdisciplinary team and evidence-informed solutions addressing the urban mobility challenges facing many communities. Methods: We created a local Urban Mobility Consortium with experts from different disciplines to discuss the development of healthy, accessible communities, electrification, ride-sharing, and overarching issues related to urban mobility. A workshop and survey data collected during COVID-19 are presented in this paper. Results: Several evidence-informed recommendations are provided. Broadly, these were: (1) support the creation and development of accessible and safe active-transportation infrastructure; (2) incentivize and prioritize the use of active, public, and shared transportation over use of personal vehicles; (3) ensure connectivity of active transportation infrastructure with major destinations and public transportation options; (4) work towards electrification of personal and public transportation; and (5) work across siloes to improve integrated mobility to impact climate and health related outcomes, and enhance overall efficiency. Conclusions: An integrated approach is needed to improve mobility, access, and environmental impact. This needs to be carried out in the local context and requires government and non-governmental leadership.

Congestion Pricing Policies and Safety Implications: a Scoping Review.

Congestion pricing policies (CPPs) are a common strategy for addressing urban traffic congestion. Research has explored several impacts of these policies (e.g., air quality, equity, congestion relief). The purpose of this review was to synthesize findings from publications examining CPP impacts on road user safety outcomes. We conducted a systematic search of relevant literature in four large research databases (Transport Research International Documentation, Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus), searching from database inception through January 2021. We identified 18 eligible publications. Safety-related outcomes included overall crashes and injury crashes with stratification by injury severity and road user type (e.g., bicyclist, pedestrian). A majority of the publications examined zone-based CPPs (n = 13) and used observed data involving real policies (n = 10), as compared to a predicted or simulated analysis. Decreases in overall crashes and injuries for some road users were observed (e.g., car occupants). While some studies estimated short-term increases in injuries and crashes for bicyclists and motorcyclists (likely due to shifts from personal vehicle use to other transportation modes and increased exposure), most analyses focused on longer-term impacts and generally found a reversal and eventual decrease in injuries and crashes after a few years. The relative scarcity of safety outcomes in published literature, along with the wide breadth of CPP types, implementation contexts, and outcomes measured, demonstrates that more research on safety outcomes is needed. Cities and regions planning to implement CPPs should consider potential mode shifts and safety supports for all road users (e.g., bicycle and pedestrian infrastructure).Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11524-021-00578-3.

Variations in direct greenhouse gas emissions across neighbourhoods: A case of Edmonton in Canada

Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions vary among cities mainly because of variations in primary energy source, climate, and population densities. Neighbourhood characteristics such as area, configuration, land use, and road network could have further impact on these emissions variations. This study explores whether the neighbourhood types and their elements such as building typology, location, population density and travel behavior have any impact on direct GHG emissions, using the City of Edmonton in Canada as a case. A bottom-up approach considering scopes 1 and 2 GHG emissions helped us to calculate emissions from twelve selected neighbourhoods in the city. Our results indicate significant differences in total and per capita GHG emissions across the neighbourhoods primarily based on the floor area per person, building types, and the use of personal transportation. We notice a strong positive relationship between per capita GHG emissions from residential buildings and floor area per person, and the proportion of single-detached dwellings in a neighbourhood. Furthermore, per capita GHG emissions from personal transportation show a strong positive relationship with distance to downtown and nearest transit stations, and the percentage use of personal vehicles to commute. The highest impacts of building typology and transportation on GHG emissions are exhibited in neighbourhoods that are either close to the city core or at the fringe. These results identify aspects of neighbourhood configuration, including building types, dwelling size, use of green energy sources such as rooftop solar panels, and accessibility of a public transit station, which urban planners should consider in their plans for developing new neighbourhoods or retrofitting existing ones with low carbon intensity.

The impact of social externality information on fostering sustainable travel mode choice: A behavioral experiment in Zhengzhou, China

Urban leaders in areas with high air pollution often face the dual task of reducing pollution levels while educating the public about the health impacts of pollution and preventive measures. Transportation policies to cut motorized personal vehicle use are often a key part of pollution reduction efforts. One type of these policies is information interventions educating commuters of the higher emissions impact of cars. This study evaluates the impact of such an information intervention on car commuters’ intention to switch from car use to transit, biking, or walking in Zhengzhou, China. Further, it tracks how this greening impact evolves as drivers are given additional public health information regarding Zhengzhou’s severe air pollution level, its health effects, and the reduced pollution exposure when driving compared with transiting, biking, or walking outside in polluted air. Using a randomized controlled survey experiment with a treatment group of 281 participants and a control group of 280 participants drawn from Zhengzhou workers who typically commute by car, this study applies multinomial logit models and difference-in-difference estimation to estimate the information intervention’s impact. We find that while emissions information interventions are initially highly effective in reducing intended car usage, the effect is progressively dampened as respondents learn of the level of local air pollution and the risks of outdoor pollution exposure. Some greening effects do, however, remain even at the end of the experiment. The results suggest that governments in polluted areas must be aware of how policies in different segments of their portfolio interact and support broader initiatives like mixed-use planning and transit extension, simultaneously cutting transportation emissions and creating shorter commute durations with lower outdoor pollution exposure.

Spring 2020 COVID-19 community transmission behaviours around New York City medical facilities

SummaryBackgroundEpidemiological studies have long been used for infection transmission prevention, but exact patterns of touch behaviours and transportation choices [contributors to community spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)] were previously unknown.AimTo investigate individual risk behaviour levels with respect to local COVID-19 infection levels.MethodsA longitudinal field study recorded behaviours of individuals leaving medical facilities following the New York State's PAUSE order. A subset of those data was analysed herein (4793 records, 16 facilities, 23rd March–17th May 2020). Touched objects and transportation choices were compared over time using Chi-squared tests (P<0.05 significance threshold).FindingsIn Week 1, 64.1% of subjects touched at least one environmental object [such as a building door handle (21.8%); traffic light, railing or parking meter (5.6%)]; shared object [such as a vehicle door handle (19.7%)]; personal object [such as a cell phone (4.2%)]; or themselves (0.4%). By Week 8, <35% of subjects touched at least one object, where the greatest reduction was in touching environmental objects. The frequency of touching increased slightly during the observation period for some personal objects such as cell phones. The use of public transportation remained steady (approximately 20%) throughout the study period; for-hire vehicle usage increased from 0% in Week 1 to 7% in Week 8, mirroring a 7% decrease in the use of personal vehicles (from 34% to 27%). Touching and transportation patterns varied significantly by facility.ConclusionsWhile this study observed a decline in touch patterns and use of shared modes of transportation, the persistence of many risk-related behaviours suggests that more effective public health policies, including cleaning regimens for public environmental objects and the removal or relocation of frequently touched objects, could help limit the spread of COVID-19.

A Hybrid Fog Architecture: Improving the Efficiency in IoT-Based Smart Parking Systems

Background: The abundant use of personal vehicles has raised the challenge of parking the vehicle in crowded places such as shopping malls. To help the driver with efficient and troublefree parking, a smart and innovative parking assistance system is required. In addition to discussing the basics of smart parking, Internet of Things (IoT), Cloud computing, and Fog computing, this chapter proposes an IoT-based smart parking system for shopping malls. Methods: To process the IoT data, a hybrid Fog architecture is adopted in order to reduce the latency, where the Fog nodes are connected across the hierarchy. The advantages of this auxiliary connection are discussed critically by comparing with other Fog architectures (hierarchical and P2P). An algorithm is defined to support the proposed architecture and is implemented on two real- world use-cases having requirements of identifying the nearest free car parking slot. The implementation is simulated for a single mall scenario as well as for a campus with multiple malls with parking areas spread across them. Results: The simulation results have proved that our proposed architecture shows lower latency as compared to the traditional smart parking systems that use Cloud architecture. Conclusion: The hybrid Fog architecture minimizes communication latency significantly. Hence, the proposed architecture can suitably be applied for other IoT-based real-time applications.

To Pool or Not to Pool? Understanding opportunities, challenges, and equity considerations to expanding the market for pooling

On-demand mobility services such as bikesharing, scooter sharing, and transportation network companies (TNCs, also known as ridesourcing and ridehailing) are changing the way that people travel by providing dynamic, on-demand mobility that can supplement public transit and personal-vehicle use. Adoption of on-demand mobility has soared across the United States and abroad, driven by the flexibility and affordability that these services offer, particularly in urban areas where population density and land use patterns facilitate a reliable balance of supply and demand. The growth of app-based ridesharing, microtransit, and TNCs presents a unique opportunity to reduce congestion, energy use, and emissions through reduced personal vehicle ownership and increased vehicle occupancy, the latter of which is largely dependent on the decisions of individual travelers to pool or not to pool. This research provides key insights into the policy levers that could be employed to reduce vehicle miles traveled and emissions by incentivizing the use of pooled on-demand ride services and public transit. We employ a general population stated preference survey of four California metropolitan regions (Los Angeles, Sacramento, San Diego, and the San Francisco Bay Area) to examine the opportunities and challenges for drastically expanding the market for pooling, taking into account the nuances in emergent travel behavior and demand sensitivity across on-demand mobility options. Although high-frequency TNC users – those that use TNCs once a week or more - are more likely to consider pooling than less frequent users and reflect more multimodal travel behavior than other travelers, we find that the most captive and price sensitive TNC users are often the most vulnerable. Heavy TNC users – those using TNCs more than three days per week - are disproportionately low income, more likely not to own or lease a car and more likely to use TNCs for essential trip purposes than are less frequent users. Pooling demand sensitivity varies significantly across trip contexts, metropolitan regions, socio-demographics, travel behavior, and attitudes and perceptions toward sharing. We estimate the time and price tradeoffs in choosing between ride alone and shared on-demand service options, finding significant differences across values that travelers place on each component of travel time (wait time, access/egress walking time, and in-vehicle time) by geography and income level. We discuss the potential to leverage these insights to develop policies that combine pricing, curb management, and promotional strategies to increase the pooling market share.

DIGITALIZATION AS A WAY TO INCREASE THE EFFICIENCY OF PAID PARKING SPACE ON THE TERRITORY OF MOSCOW

The article examines the features of digitalization of paid parking space in Moscow. The concept and specifics of digitalization in the field of paid parking are considered and the most effective ways to solve the problem of scarce street space in the city are presented. The main results of the organization of paid parking spaces are highlighted: a decrease in the average arrival time of ambulances, the Ministry of Emergency Situations and fire brigades, a decrease in parking time, a decrease in the number of violations of the rules of stopping and parking on the streets, a decrease in transit volume, an increase in the speed of movement, the turnover of parking spaces, a decrease in the use of personal vehicles entering the toll zone, eliminating "chaotic parking", creating a safe and favorable environment for pedestrians, public transport and motorists. The article describes in detail the tools, approaches and methods associated with digital transformation, thanks to which these results were achieved in Moscow in less than 10 years. In addition, this publication presents the most effective ways to further use digitalization as a way to increase the efficiency of paid parking space on the territory of Moscow.