Use Of Park Resources Research Articles

A Trust-Based Secure Parking Allocation for IoT-Enabled Sustainable Smart Cities

Smart parking is a crucial component of smart cities that aims to enhance the efficiency and sustainability of urban environments. It employs technology such as sensors and IoT devices to optimize the use of parking resources and improve drivers’ experiences. By reducing traffic congestion, decreasing air pollution, and enhancing accessibility, smart parking systems can contribute to the overall well-being of urban areas. IoT-enabled smart parking refers to the application of IoT technology to optimize and improve parking efficiency in smart cities. However, security and privacy challenges in IoT-enabled smart parking pose risks and concerns related to the collection and use of data by parking systems, such as unauthorized access or misuse of data, potential data breaches, and the need to ensure responsible data collection and usage to maintain user trust and confidence. To address these challenges, we propose a novel hybrid approach to trust management using machine learning algorithms to enhance the security and privacy of the system. Our approach consists of SVM and ANNs, taking into account credibility, availability, and honesty as key parameters. Furthermore, we use ensemble machine learning to select the best-predicted model from different trained models, leading to efficient performance and a trustworthy environment. Our results show that the proposed hybrid SVM classifier with a trust parameters approach achieved an accuracy of 96.43% in predicting and eliminating malicious or compromised nodes.

LA-SPA: A new learning automata-based approach for the parking space selection and reservation

Nowadays, with the increasing number of vehicles in the urban environment, finding a parking space has become an important and challenging issue. Vehicles may have to spend a lot of time looking for a parking space, which can lead to excessive fuel consumption, area traffic congestion, increased air pollution, and even driver impatience and immorality. To solve this problem, this article has used Roadside-to-Vehicle/Vehicle-to-Roadside (R2V/V2R), Roadside-to-Roadside (R2R) and Parking-to-Roadside/Roadside-to-Parking (P2R/R2P) communication in Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET) and learning automata with variable actions to select and reserve the most suitable parking space. The performance of the proposed method was evaluated using computer simulation. The simulation results showed the efficiency of the proposed method in terms of improving service quality, reducing computational overhead, and making optimal use of parking resources in the city compared to existing methods. The proposed algorithm helps reduce air and noise pollution by reducing traffic congestion caused by parking space searches, and also helps increase the use of parking facilities efficiently.

Next Generation Parking System with Computer Vision and Machine Learning

Parking management is a term that describes methods for making better use of parking resources. The first step toward successful parking management is to identify the cause of the problem. Finding suitable parking is among the fastest-growing industries of all, given the ever-increasing number of cars on the road. Traditionally, traffic has been a nightmare. To address these issues, businesses adopted intelligent parking systems from large hardware vendors. These, on the other hand, are unfit for purpose and also have resulted in major parking issues at many businesses. The approach attempts to offer a practical answer to the problem of smart parking. We aim to create a functioning software that will inform requesting customers if there is still a free parking spot near their location using technologies like Machine Learning, CNN, OpenCV, and React.

The Impacts of Establishing Pilot National Parks on Local Residents’ Livelihoods and Their Coping Strategies in China: A Case Study of Qilianshan National Park

National Parks are a category of protected areas that emphasizes the sustainable use of park resources. China is a latecomer regarding the establishment of a national park system. In 2013, the Chinese administrative authorities announced the establishment of its own national park system to better protect the country’s natural heritage and the integrity of its large ecosystems. Since 2015, ten pilot national parks have been designated to explore a pathway to implement the national park system better. Local communities are among the most critical stakeholders in establishing and managing a national park. Park management wouldn’t be successful without the local residents’ support and active involvement. Since national parks are positioned in China as protected areas with the highest priority to nature protection, their impacts on the local people, either inhabiting the park or living nearby, are unprecedented in the country. The park–people relationship is not a new topic in national park research; however, in the context of China’s social, economic, and political framework, very little is known about the livelihood impacts of establishing a national park on the local residents and what strategies those residents should adapt to cope. In this study, the authors attempt to reveal the livelihood impacts of the national park creation in China on the local residents and their adaptation approaches by taking northwestern China’s Qilianshan National Park (QNP) as a case. The study results indicate that the establishment of QNP and its policies have significantly impacted the livelihoods of the local residents. The more they rely on the park resources, the greater the magnitude of the effect has been, whether they reside inside or outside the park. Overall, the negative livelihood impacts exceed the positive ones at present. Still, most of the local residents wish to sustain their current livelihoods if the park’s impacts can be made more manageable for them. Rarely do the local residents try to find alternative livelihoods unless they absolutely cannot overcome the negative impacts caused by the park’s policies.

Online News Article Analytics: An Alternative Method to Explore Seasonal Issues in National Parks

Seasonality can affect the use of park resources and visitors’ experience in national parks. To understand seasonal issues, park managers have typically relied on survey-based studies that tend to be limited in sample sizes and data collection periods. The purpose of this study is to utilize online news article analytics as a complementary approach to find dynamic issues based on topic-modeling techniques in the context of South Korean national parks. A total of 12,994 online news articles were collected from a Korean search engine—NAVER. Results indicated common issues such as environmental degradation/protection, and visitor experience/ activity across all four seasons, along with distinctive issues for each season (e.g., fall foliage, park services, and protecting endangered species). Such findings can not only benefit managers in assisting the development of effective seasonal park management plans, but they can also promote visitors’ attention by providing dynamic seasonal issues in national parks.

Perceptions and Behaviors of Indigenous Populations Regarding Illegal Use of Protected Area Resources in East Africa's Mountain Gorilla Landscape.

Illegal activities and use of park resources are the main challenges facing mountain gorilla (Gorilla beringei beringei) conservation and the protection of their habitats in the East Africa's Greater Virunga Transboundary Landscape (GVTL). Indigenous residents around GVTL are considered the primary illegal users of park resources. Despite this, there is limited understanding of the current and past perceptions of indigenous residents living in communities adjacent to two GVTL parks; Volcanoes National Park in Rwanda and Mgahinga Gorilla National Park in Uganda. Equally, there is also limited understanding regarding the actual incidences of illegal activities inside both parks. This paper addresses these gaps. Perception data were collected from indigenous residents living adjacent to both parks. Further, Ranger-based Monitoring (RbM) data from both parks were analyzed to determine actual numbers and types of illegal activities over the 9-year period. Interestingly, findings indicated that residents perceived the prevalence of illegal activities to be decreasing across GVTL. To the contrary, RbM findings indicated that the number of actual illegal activities was increasing significantly, particularly in Volcanoes National Park. The discrepancy found between the two perspectives provides for a discussion of the social biases potentially present in these data, and their implications for management. Results also illuminated the subsistence-related nature of most illegal behaviors and suggest that to reduce illegal activities and local dependency on park resources, park management must work with communities and support them in tapping into alternative livelihoods and finding ways to address community household subsistence needs.

ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ РОЗВИТКУ РЕКРЕАЦІЇ І ТУРИЗМУ В НАЦІОНАЛЬНОМУ ПРИРОДНОМУ ПАРКУ «ДНІСТРОВСЬКИЙ КАНЬЙОН»

Purpose. The paper presents long-term (for 10 years) strategic tasks together with corresponding measures (for 5 years) for the recreation and tourism of the national natural park "Dnistrovsky Canyon", which were developed within the "Project of organization of the park ...". Methods. While developing perspective development program of the park we used approaches of the targeted strategic management for protected areas and methods of inventory and spatial planning of tourist attractions, infrastructure and occupations. Results. The main results of the study are represented by developers by main strategic tasks of the park for a ten-years perspective. These include improving the use of park resources, providing elements for sustainable development for the main recreational and tourist activities and expanding their spectrum and infrastructure support, implementing organizational and planning measures for managing visitors and ensuring the optimal territorial structure of the recreation of the park. Scientific novelty. For the national park " Dnistrovsky Canyon" for the first time has been developed a long-term program of recreation and tourism development with a detailed annual plan for its implementation. The practical significance. The realization of these tasks will be accomplished by introducing specific measures for a five-years perspective.

Parking Policies in China’s Metropolises: Rationales, Consequences, and Implications

Metropolises in China, a rapidly motorizing nation, are confronted with the challenge of managing parking pressures. Given the generally increased affordability of cars, most local authorities are making efforts to provide more parking spaces to accommodate additional cars. Although the worldwide paradigm of managing parking is shifting from a supply-focused approach to a restraint mind-set, China has been slow to follow this trend. To untangle the factors that contribute to delays implementing desirable parking policy reforms, this paper examines the development of parking policies in China. This paper characterizes the challenge of parking in Chinese cities as a spatio-temporal mismatch. In the context of rapid motorization, local authorities are subject to political pressure to cater to the increased parking demand by increasing the minimum parking requirements. However, this approach fails to mitigate parking shortages and results in unintended consequences, including relatively high parking density in central and transit-rich areas and imbalanced parking across neighbourhoods. This paper suggests four strategies, including market-based pricing, geographically differentiated supply regulations, and district-based parking management (“Parking management is referred to as various policies and programs that result in more efficient use of parking resources”). These strategies represent policy-reform targets to establish more efficient parking systems in rapidly motorizing urban settings worldwide.

Conflict of Local People and Larger Mammals - A Case of Chitwan National Park in Central Nepal

Background: Chitwan National Park which covers 932 km2 lies in the lowlands or inner terai of southern central Nepal. It has 503 rhinoceros, 120 tigers and 40-50 elephants. Wildlife such as leopard, wild dog, sloth bear, gaur, sambar, chital, hog deer, barking deer, wild pig etc. are also found in this park. The park is facing enormous enroachment from the local people.Objective: The objective of this study is to study the causes of conflicts and find out the ways for park-people management. This study has been designed to reveal the intricate relationship among the large mammals and local people and the resultant conflict.Methodology: The study has applied cross-sectional design and included 100 people. Both the quantitative and qualitative approaches have been used to collect data. Research instruments namely interview, questionnaire and observation were applied for this study.Results: Larger mammals and local people have both positive and negative interactions. Negative interaction or conflict takes place due to the competition between the park and people that are concerned at crop damage, livestock loss and injury to rhino, deer, boar, tiger etc. Regarding the types of crops damaged by the wildlife, mustard, potato, maize, paddy and wheat top the list.Conclusion: In Chitwan National Park, the relation between larger mammals and local people is positive such as promoting tourism and maintaining greenery and negative in some cases such as injury and damage by larger mammals, restrictions on the use of park resources for local people etc. The park-people relationship can be managed by introducing a number of measures which respect the lives of both the local people and wildlife in the park. Both the park authorities and local people should work in coordination so that the benefit from the immeasurable gift of nature could be exploited.Journal of Advanced Academic Research Vol.1(1) 2014: 99-106

The economics of roadside bear viewing

Viewing bears along roadside habitats is a popular recreational activity in certain national parks throughout the United States. However, safely managing visitors during traffic jams that result from this activity often requires the use of limited park resources. Using unique visitor survey data, this study quantifies economic values associated with roadside bear viewing in Yellowstone National Park, monetary values that could be used to determine whether this continued use of park resources is warranted on economic grounds. Based on visitor expenditure data and results of a contingent visitation question, it is estimated that summer Park visitation would decrease if bears were no longer allowed to stay along roadside habitats, resulting in a loss of 155 jobs in the local economy. Results from a nonmarket valuation survey question indicate that on average, visitors to Yellowstone National Park are willing to pay around $41 more in Park entrance fees to ensure that bears are allowed to remain along roads within the Park. Generalizing this value to the relevant population of visitors indicates that the economic benefits of allowing this wildlife viewing opportunity to continue could outweigh the costs of using additional resources to effectively manage these traffic jams.

Sistema della sosta e mobilità sostenibile nella città di Bari

The paper analyzes different strategies for parking management, considering parking as an essential component of the transportation system (Litmann, 2008). Parking facilities are a major cost to society, and parking conflicts are among the most common problems facing designers, operators and planners. Such problems can be often defined either in terms of supply or in terms of management. There are many reasons to use management strategies that result in more efficient use of parking resources, in order to address parking problems without expanding supply. Main benefits of parking management regards facility cost savings, improved quality of service, revenue generation, supports mobility management, support transit and smart grow. Starting from this definition, the article define more sustainable the parking strategies that reduce parking demand and describe the case of the city of Bari, where good parking management actions have reduced car dependence and increased public transport and bicycle use. In the city of Bari two different actions have been developed. The fist regards the definition of long term plan concerning mobility and land use: the Strategic Plan, the Master Plan, the Transport Plan and the Traffic Plan. The second regards the implementation of a system of interventions on the parking system. In particular a complete parking management has been developed in the peripheral areas and in the central core. In peripheral areas a Satellite Parking system was developed and a free transit service was then provided to connect destinations with remote parking facilities. This remote parking strategy was accompanied by an adequate use information, as signs and maps, in order to encourage motorists to use more distant facilities. By constructing parking facilities, the system intercepts commuters and visitors before they drive into the city center, reducing traffic problems. The historical centre was then closed to traffic and to parking, while in the central areas surrounding the old core, a fare parking system was developed. In particular a management of on-street public parking spaces was developed in the city centre supported by public transport improvements. In this way car use has been reduced and public transport and bicycle use increased in the last four years. Parking management become an important component of efforts to encourage more efficient transportation patterns, which reduced problems such as traffic congestion, roadway costs, pollution emissions, energy consumption and traffic accidents and created more attractive and efficient urban environment. Direct and short term impacts were more evident in central areas where traffic congestion was reduced consistently. Long term impacts as energy consumption reduction and a more efficient multimodal transport system will be revealed in the whole metropolitan area in the next future.

World War II: Defending Park Values and Resources

Abstract This article focuses on the way in which the National Park Service (NPS) resisted demands for the consumptive use of park resources during World War II primarily through the use of carefully crafted arguments and powerful rhetoric, but also by enlisting the support of conservation groups and adopting compromise measures. These compromise measures allowed the military to use the parks for recreation, rehabilitation, training, and maneuvers, and in a few instances authorize some exploitive use of parks by timber, mining, and farming interests when necessary. Faced with wartime demands, the NPS was forced to articulate its purpose and mission as never before. As NPS leaders articulated their arguments, they developed and publicized several major themes: that park values were a valuable resource; that the NPS had a trust responsibility to protect the parks; and that the parks represented the restorative and inspirational power of nature. Its vigorous campaign in defense of park values and resources, along with the willingness to compromise, played an important role in ensuring the preservation of irreplaceable park resources.

Conservation costs: Nature-based tourism as development at Cuc Phuong National Park, Vietnam

Abstract: Local communities are frequently displaced from areas selected for environmental protection. Development of nature-based tourism, believed to be more environmentally benign than traditional agricultural systems, has been encouraged by governments and national park managers in the hope of providing alternative livelihoods for local people. This paper examines the extent to which indigenous peoples resettled from within one Vietnamese national park have engaged with the nascent tourism industry, thereby providing a perspective on the success of their resettlement, through the eyes of those communities affected. The perspectives of resettled peoples are contrasted with those of villagers who have continued to reside within the national park, using traditional means of survival, along with new initiatives designed to supplement their livelihoods and to reduce their dependence on national park resources for survival. Resettled villagers are unable to survive on agricultural activity alone, tourism has done little to provide an alternate livelihood and the park environment is still threatened by the use of park resources by resettled communities in their struggle to survive.

Parks and People: Livelihood Issues in National Parks Management in Thailand and Madagascar

ABSTRACTIn many countries, the transformation by the state of increasing areas of land and aquatic resources into strictly protected areas has included a total restriction on the use of park resources by the local people, causing poverty and social conflict, and in some cases further environmental deterioration. This essay examines the forms of management in national parks in developing countries in general, and in Thailand and Madagascar in particular.