Use Of Organic Acids Research Articles

Role of Mechanical Activation in Enhancing Li and Co Recovery from Spent Li-ion Batteries through Citric Acid Leaching

This study investigates the effect of mechanical activation parameters such as mechanical activation rotation speed (0-550 rpm), mechanical activation time (15-75 min), and solid/ball ratio (1/20-1/50) on the leaching efficiencies in the recycling of lithium-ion batteries. In addition to mechanical activation, the study explores the use of organic acids, specifically citric acid, as leaching agents to enhance metal recovery. A green and innovative recycling process is developed, focusing on optimal conditions of 15 minutes activation time, 450 rpm rotational speed, and a 1/20 solid/ball ratio. The synergistic effect of mechanical activation and organic acid leaching is examined to optimize the process for sustainability and efficiency in recovering valuable metals from lithium-ion batteries. Results indicate that these parameters significantly influence leaching efficiencies, with the highest yields achieved under the identified conditions. This research contributes to advancing sustainable practices in battery recycling by integrating mechanical activation and organic acid leaching as effective and environmentally friendly approaches. The findings highlight the potential of these methods in advancing green technology and materials science, paving the way for more efficient and eco-friendly battery recycling processes.

Safety assessment of high doses of vaporized oxalic acid on honey bee worker health and queen quality

IntroductionThe honey bee ectoparasitic mite, Varroa destructor, is one of the main causes of honey bee colony loss worldwide. Synthetic acaricides are the most commonly used strategy for varroa control, however, resistance to these acaricides has emerged. Consequently, the use of organic acids for varroa control is gaining more interest among beekeepers. For example, oxalic acid (OA) is a natural compound that has been shown to be an effective acaricide against varroa mites, however, the potential toxicity of OA to adult bees and queens is poorly understood. The objective of the study was to evaluate the toxicity of incremental doses of vaporized OA on honey bee workers and queens.MethodsWe exposed 32 colonies to incremental doses (0, 5, 10 or 20 g per colony) of vaporized OA once per week over four consecutive weeks and we monitored the acute and long-term toxicity. We investigated the short-term effects of OA administration by evaluating adult bee mortality, brood production, and population size. Next, we evaluated the long-term effects of OA application on both worker bees and queens. Regarding workers, we investigated their ability to rear new queens. As for queens, we measured acceptance, performance, and sperm quality.ResultsWe found that colonies treated with 20 g OA (20 times the label dose) had a statistically significant increase in worker bee mortality, with a non-significant, 23% decrease in brood relative to controls. No significant differences were observed in queen performance nor sperm quality.DiscussionWe found that repeated application of vaporized OA, at up to 20 times the label dose, had no significant short-term nor long-term, negative effects on colony or queen health, with the exception of a short-term increase in adult bee mortality in the 20 g OA-treated group. The results of this study support the safety of higher-than-label doses of OA for honey bee colonies. The observed increase in adult bee mortality in the 20 g OA dose group in this study suggests that OA doses should be maintained below 20 g per brood chamber.

Effectiveness of organic acids for inactivating pathogenic bacteria inoculated in laboratory media and foods: an updated minireview.

Food processing industries commonly employ organic acids (OAAs) to determine bacterial contamination in acidified and fermented foods. OAAs are believed to possess potent antimicrobial properties by permeating cell membranes, altering proton and anion concentrations in the cytoplasm due to their lipophilic undissociated forms. The bacteriostatic or bactericidal effects of OAAs are influenced by various factors including microbial physiology, environmental pH, and acid dissociation ratios. Despite their utility, the precise mechanisms underlying OAA-mediated inhibition of pathogenic bacteria remain incompletely understood. Therefore, the objectives of this review are to compile a selected area of researches that focus on the current propensity of different OAAs for inactivating food-borne pathogens, and then to present a theoretical insight on the use of OAAs to prevent and control pathogenic bacteria present in acidic/acidified foods and their mode of mechanisms.

Tailoring interlayer spacing of Ti3C2Tx MXene with organic acid doped polyaniline and polypyrrole for more stable supercapacitors

Polyaniline (PANI) and polypyrrole (PPy) are promising for use as spacers materials to prevent re-stacking of MXene layers and to increase their electrochemical properties. However, these conducting polymers (CPs) may undergo hydrolysis during long charge-discharge cycles. The use of organic acids to dope CPs may lead to better polymer cyclic stability. However, PANI and PPy used as spacers in MXene are mainly doped with inorganic acids. Herein, we applied dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (DBSA) doped PANI and PPy as effective spacers and additional pseudocapacitance agents for Ti3C2Tx MXene. Taking advantage of the favored dispersibility of the functional inks in water, we easily prepared the electrodes by drop casting. X-ray diffractograms confirmed that the CPs are effectively allocated among MXenes sheets. Spectroscopic analyses showed that the functional groups of Ti3C2Tx may work as effective dopants for PANI and PPy. The enhanced interlayer spacing of MXenes and increased high conductivity of CPs boosted capacitance from 175 F g−1 (Ti3C2Tx) to 255 F g−1 and 270 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 after addition of 10 wt% of PANI and PPy, respectively, at a three-electrode setup. The Dunn’s and Trasatti’s methods showed greater pseudocapacitive contribution after addition of PPy and greater double layer capacitance contribution after addition of PANI. Similarly, symmetric solid-state SCs exhibited enhancement of 72 % in specific capacitance for Ti3C2Tx/PANI and 208 % for Ti3C2Tx/PPy, when compared to pristine Ti3C2Tx. SCs based on Ti3C2Tx/CPs also yielded outstanding capacitance retentions (>98 %) after 5000 cycles against only 88 % of the Ti3C2Tx pristine device. These results indicate that the organic doped-CPs modulated interlayer spacing of MXene sheets, preventing their re-stacking during the charge and discharge cycles. Finally, the aqueous Ti3C2Tx/CPs based inks is an eco-friendly and low-cost alternative to fabricate SCs with enhanced capacitance and stability.

Use of Organic Acids as Additives for Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation (PEO) of Titanium

The present study investigates the influence of organic acids, added to the electrolytic solution, on the structure, morphology, and corrosion behaviour of plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) coatings produced on titanium grade 2. Particular attention is paid to the role of functional groups in the modification of the oxide’s properties. For this reason, all three selected acids, namely glutaric, glutamic, and tartaric acid, display two carboxylic groups, thus they interact with the substrate material mainly through –COO− adsorption. However, glutamic acid also has an amine group, while tartaric acid has two hydroxyl groups. The presence of such additional functional groups is found to impact the formation of the PEO coatings. According to scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses, the number of defects and their dimension increase with an increasing number of active groups present in the organic molecules. Then, when glutaric acid with only two carboxyl groups, is employed as an additive, smaller pores are produced. The dimension of defects increases when glutamic and tartaric acid are used. X-ray diffraction (XRD) testing demonstrates that rutile and anatase are present in all the coatings and that when using tartaric acid, a relatively high level of amorphism is reached. The electrochemical and corrosion behaviours are evaluated by potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) performed in a heated sulphuric acid solution. It is found that all types of coatings provide protection against corrosion, with oxides produced using glutamic acid showing the lowest corrosion current density (0.58 mA·m−2) and low corrosion rate (1.02 μm·y−1).

Evaluation of citrus pectin extraction methods: Synergistic enhancement of pectin's antioxidant capacity and gel properties through combined use of organic acids, ultrasonication, and microwaves

The biological potency of pectin is intricately intertwined with its intricate molecular architecture. The fine structure of pectin is influenced by the extraction method, while the specific impact of these methods on the fine structure and the affected attributes thereof remains enigmatic. This study delves into the profound analysis of eight distinct extraction methods influence on the structure and biological activity of citrus peel pectin. The findings demonstrate that citric acid ultrasound-assisted microwave extraction yields pectin (PectinCA-US/MV) with higher viscosity and a dense, rigid chain. Pectin extracted with acetic acid ultrasound (PectinAA-US) and citric acid ultrasound (PectinCA-US) exhibits elevated galacturonic acid (GalA) levels and reduced D-galactose (Gal) content, enhancing antioxidant activity. Eight pectin-chitosan (CS) hydrogels, especially PectinCA-US/MV-CS, demonstrate commendable thermal stability, rheological properties, self-healing capability, and swelling behavior. This study characterizes citrus peel pectin properties from different extraction methods, laying a foundation for its application in food, pharmaceuticals, and industry.

Bioleaching for metals removal from mine tailings flotation fractions

This study investigated two bioleaching strategies for removing heavy metals from three mine tailings fractions generated by flotation processes. On the one hand, bioleaching with microbial consortia of acidophilic mesophiles and moderate thermophiles efficiently extracted Co, Cu, Zn, and As, while the leaching of Pb was facilitated through the use of organic acids produced by a heterotrophic bacterium and a fungus. Approximately 100% Co, 68% Zn, 63% As, and 31% Cu were bioleached with acidophilic mesophiles from the barite tailings (BT) sample after 14 days, whereas for the barite concentrate (BC) sample the results showed about 100% Co, 70% Zn and As, and 45% Cu removal at the same period. The sulfide concentrate (SC) sample underwent bioleaching with both consortia, acidophilic mesophiles and moderate thermophiles over 28 days. Approximately, 67% of Co, 28% of Zn, 56% of As, 28% of Cu, and 6% of Mn were extracted from the sample using mesophiles, whereas the leaching efficiency with the moderate thermophiles was about 72% of Co, 50% of Zn, 28% of As, 36% of Cu, and 5% of Mn in 20 L bioreactors. On the other hand, bioleaching of Pb was explored using the bacterium Gluconobacter oxydans and the fungus Penicillium simplicissimum for the production of gluconic acid and citric acid, respectively. Additionally, besides glucose-based media, glycerol and crystal sugar were tested as alternative and cheaper carbon sources. The metabolic activity of P. simplicissimum allowed a maximum Pb leaching of 39–43% from the BT sample in 28 days in glycerol-based medium, while for the BC sample, the maximum Pb extraction was around 60% in glucose-based medium. A lower extraction of Pb was achieved with G. oxydans for both samples. The maximum extraction of 34% and 39% of Pb was reached within 7 days when glucose was used as the carbon source. Further optimization should address both the enhancement of metals removal and – especially for the organic acid bioleaching – the reduction of costs related to media formulation and fungal biomass production on a larger scale.

Blend of organic acids improves gut morphology and affects inflammation response in piglets after weaning

Weaning is a stressful period in a piglet’s life, when many morphological and functional changes occur in the gastrointestinal tract. Examples are an alteration of the barrier function and an increase in production of cytokines, suggesting the immune system of the GIT is activated after weaning. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of a commercially available feed additive based on short and medium chain fatty acids on supporting intestinal health and reduce inflammation in the intestine of post-weaning piglets. Seventy piglets were divided over 2 treatments, a control diet and a blend of short and medium chain fatty acids, including butyrate. On day 0, 15, 30 and 45 after weaning blood samples and intestinal tissue samples were collected from sacrificed piglets. Blood and tissue samples were analysed for cytokine gene expression, and tissue samples from jejunum and ileum were analysed on morphology and gene expression of tight junctions. Results show that the use of a blend of short and medium chain fatty acids, including butyrates, improved intestinal morphology, measured by villous length and v/c ratio, reduced expression of tight junction proteins and influenced cytokine production in the intestine, implicating that the use of organic acids as feed additives potentially can reduce damage caused by weaning to the intestinal barrier and due to the higher absorption capacity of the villi potentially improve nutrient absorption.

Use of organic acids in micropropagation helps the production of salinity tolerant strawberry

Use of organic acids in micropropagation helps the production of salinity tolerant strawberry

Influence of organic acids on organoleptic and structural and mechanical properties of freshwater hydrobiont meat

Research on the use of organic acids in freshwater fish conservation in aquaculture farms is gaining importance due to the growing interest in the quality and safety of fish products. The purpose of the study was to create and substantiate a new technology for preserving freshwater fish with the addition of spicy root vegetables, and in pretreatment of raw materials with organic acids. During the study, carp were treated with salt and various concentrations of organic acids, stored under certain temperature conditions. Sensory assessment, pH, and shear boundary stress were used to evaluate the results, and chemical analysis was performed using a penetrometer and potentiometric method. Based on the findings, a scientifically based technology for preserving freshwater fish with the addition of spicy root vegetables with a fundamentally new method of treatment of raw materials with organic acids has been developed to expand the scope of application of fish products that will have a higher biological value. It was found that at the initial stages of processing, no noticeable organoleptic changes were observed in the samples under study. Comparative analysis of the results confirmed the positive effect of acetic acid at a concentration of 1.0%, for tartaric acid, the best effect was determined with the addition of 0.5-1.0%, and for citric acid, the study indicates that its use does not lead to softening of muscle tissue, indicating the feasibility of its use. Studies have confirmed the use of pretreatment of semi-finished products of salted carp treated with 1.0-1.5% malic acid for 60 minutes to obtain a tender, juicy, and soft consistency, which corresponds to 5 points in the sensory assessment. According to the results of the conducted studies, the positive effect of using organic acids to soften carp meat in the production of preserves from freshwater fish was established. The practical significance of the study is to improve the technologies of meat processing and food production, and to determine the optimal conditions for preserving the taste and texture qualities of meat products

Use of Organic Acids to Control Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus Infection in Swine Jowl Fat

Use of Organic Acids to Control Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus Infection in Swine Jowl Fat

Enhancement of phycocyanin productivity and thermostability from Arthrospira platensis using organic acids

Intracellular hyperaccumulation of phycocyanin (PC) and its high susceptibility to degradation at higher temperatures are major challenging problems associated with its production from cyanobacteria. The present study evaluated different concentrations of organic acids (1, 2, and 3 mM) (citric acid, acetic acid, succinic acid, fumaric acid, and oxalic acid) under fed-batch mode on the biomass and phycobiliproteins’ production from Arthrospira platensis. Besides they were evaluated at 2.5–7.5 mM as preservative to stabilize PC at high temperatures. The incorporation of 3 mM of succinic acid into the cultivation medium enhanced the biomass and PC productivity to 164.05 and 26.70 mg L−1 day−1, which was ~ 2- and threefold higher than control, respectively. The produced PC in this treatment was food-grade with a 2.2 purity ratio. The use of organic acids also enhanced the thermal stability of PC. Citric acid (7.5 mM) markedly promoted the half-life values of PC to 189.44 min compared to 71.84 min in the control. The thermodynamic analysis confirmed higher thermostability of PC in the presence of organic acids and indicated the endothermic and non-spontaneity of the thermal denaturation process. The findings of the present study confirmed that organic acids could be utilized as cost effective and sustainable compounds for promoting not only phycobiliproteins’ production but also the thermostability of PC for potential application in food industry.

Use of organic acids for decontamination of mechanically separated poultry meat and its use in the production of Traditional Egyptian luncheon

Use of organic acids for decontamination of mechanically separated poultry meat and its use in the production of Traditional Egyptian luncheon

Isolasi, Karakterisasi, Dan Aplikasi Nanokristal Selulosa : Review

Cellulose nanocrystals are a type of cellulose with a nanometer size. Sources of cellulose nanocrystals can come from plants, tunicates, or bacteria. Agricultural wastes have great potential as a source of cellulose nanocrystals. Methods that can be used to isolate cellulose nanocrystals from the main ingredient are hydrolysis methods involving the use of organic acids, enzymatic hydrolysis methods, mechanical treatment methods, or a combination of these methods. Each method has its own advantages and disadvantages. Cellulose nanocrystals have been extensively researched and applied in various fields ranging from reinforcing agents in polymer matrices, playing a role in drug delivery systems, or other polymeric materials. This review provides information on each of the isolation methods and applications of these cellulose nanocrystals. Keywords: Cellulose Nanocrystals, Hydrolysis, Mechanical Treatment.

A descriptive review of the use of organic acids and peracetic acid as a decontaminating strategy for meat

AbstractMeat can be a pathogen vehicle, and its spoilage contributes to food insecurity. Besides the importance of adopting good hygienic practices to avoid meat contamination, several decontaminating strategies have been studied. This review discusses the mechanisms of action of organic acids and peracetic acid, the factors that affect their efficacy, and compiles information about their microbiological and sensorial effects on meat. Factors that affect their efficacy include the species of microorganisms, the acid‐susceptibility within the same species, the initial contamination degree, the organic acid used and concentration, pH and volume of solutions, methods of application, contact time, steps of a flowchart where the treatment occurred and quantity of applications, site of carcass/meat treated and tissues composition, and combinations with other decontaminating treatments. Inspite of the amount of available data, the log reductions with their standard deviations and the temperature of solutions applied are rarely presented; and several studies lack information on the pH of the solutions. This strategy will be helpful for industries, contributing to enhanced food security and safety. However, studies for in loco validation must be performed before implementing these treatments.

Use of organic acids to reduce Salmonella Typhimurium excretion in swine

The use of antimicrobials as growth promoters and disease prevention is being constantly reduced in several animal production systems, including in the swine industry. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of using acidifiers to control Salmonella Typhimurium in 65-day-old pigs by detecting the pathogen in organs at euthanasia. For this, 24 piglets were divided into two experimental groups consisting of 12 piglets each. An untreated control group (G1) and a treatment group (G2) received a liquid organic acidifier in the drinking water for 10 days (D-5 to D5). Five days after the start of treatment (D0), all piglets were challenged with 106 CFU of Salmonella Typhimurium and assessed for 12 days (D12). Every three days (D3, D6, D9, and D12), three animals from each experimental group were euthanized and then submitted for necropsy. Samples from the intestines (ileum, cecum, mesenteric lymph nodes, and ileocolic lymph nodes), liver, spleen, and lungs were collected to isolate Salmonella. The results show that, numerically, Salmonella isolation in the organs of G2 was lower than in G1 and that the number of positive cecum samples in G1 (66.7%; 8/12) was statistically different from the number of positive models in G2 (16.7%; 2/12), with a reduction of 28.6% of the total cecum positive samples in the treated group compared to the control. Therefore, it was observed that the liquid organic acidifier product could reduce the colonization of organs by Salmonella Typhimurium.

A study on the reduction of antibiotic use by introducing organic acids in broiler chicken feed in the district of Abidjan - Ivory Coast

The use of organic acids in the diet of animals is potentially beneficial for maintaining intestinal hemostasis and controlling the growth of pathogenic bacteria. The objective of this study was to experiment with organic acids as additives to antibiotics used by farmers. A total of 490 broilers were studied in this study and were divided into 5 lots of 98 subjects. The experimental core consisted of Fysal, Fysal-Selko, Selko, Patheryl (reference antibiotic) and Control. The experimental products were introduced in the drinking water (Selko pH) and in the feed (Fysal MP). A high feed consumption was noticed in the Fysal lot with 80.44±44g/chicken followed respectively by the Pteryl lots with 79.48 ± 42.25g/chicken, Fysal-Selko with 79.34 ± 43.62g/chicken, Selko with 77.27 ± 41.39g/chicken and finally Control with 76.01 ± 39.41g/chicken. The weight gain was high in the Fysal lot with 1770 ± 623.38g followed respectively by the Fysal-Selko lots with 1709 ± 606.05g, Pteryl with 1619 ± 577.70g, Selko with 1607 ± 567.90g against the Control lot with 1550 ± 544.41g. A mortality rate of 3.06% was recorded only in the Selko lot. Economically, the lots (Fysal, Fysal-Selko and Selko) that consumed the feed and water containing organic acids recorded higher profits compared to the Control and Pteryl batches. The organic acids such as Fysal MP and Selko pH could be used as alternatives to antibiotics in poultry farming.
 Keywords: Broiler, growth performance, organic acids, antibiotics

Application of sodium diacetate, potassium lactate and calcium lactate as a microbial decontaminant during processing and storage of the traditional meatballs (rista)

The traditional meat products undergo microbial spoilage and lipid oxidation like other meat products because of their suitability as a medium for microbial growth, which in turn affect safety, quality and shelf life. In the case of traditional meat products like rista, ghostabha, kebab and several other products prepared in Kashmiri wazwan, organic acids or their salts have not been used to date. The present study was therefore aimed to evaluate the effect of different organic acid salts and storage conditions on various quality parameters of traditional meat products. Sodium diacetate (0.25%), potassium lactate (2.5%) and calcium lactate (2.5%) were used in three batches of traditional meat products. Sodium diacetate (SDA) treated samples showed lower total plate count (TPC) under refrigerated storage as compared to ambient storage. The SDA-treated sample retained the lowest value for TBARS (1.9 mg MDA/kg) and free fatty acid (3.2%) on the 15th day of refrigerated storage. Significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher values for L*, a* and b* were maintained by SDA treated samples as compared to control, potassium lactate (PL) and calcium lactate (CL) treated samples under refrigeration conditions throughout the storage period. Organic acid treatment improved the quality attributes of the meat product during the storage period. The use of organic acids as a preservative in these products will help in reducing the use of synthetic agents. Further increase in the shelf life of traditional meat products by application of organic acids will help in their commercialization, marketing and round the year availability.Graphical

Effect of ultrasonic pretreatments on the characteristics of pectin extracted from Salustiana orange cultivated in Argentina

AbstractThe use of direct and indirect ultrasound pretreatments was evaluated for the extraction of pectin enriched fractions with citric acid (pH 2.3, 85°C) from the albedo and pulp of Salustiana orange. The extractive method that produced the highest yield was the one involving a pretreatment with direct high‐power ultrasound (HPUS) (41 g isolated fraction/100 g albedo CM versus 30 g isolated fraction/ 100 g albedo CM for indirect treatment; 39 g isolated fraction/100 g pulp CM versus 26 g isolated fraction/100 g pulp CM for indirect treatment) and allowed extracting the highest amount of pectin from both albedo and pulp. The major neutral sugars found in all fractions were arabinose, galactose, and rhamnose. Pectins were obtained with weight average molecular masses of 566–729 kDa from the albedo and 663–739 kDa from the pulp. All fractions gelled in the presence of sucrose at acidic pH. Pretreatment with HPUS gave origin to the least elastic gels (albedo: G′ higher than 100 Pa, G″ higher than 20 Pa. Pulp: G′ higher than 70 Pa, G″ higher than 25 Pa), while indirect US produced fractions that formed more elastic gels (albedo: G′ higher than 1000 Pa, G″ higher than 250 Pa. Pulp: G′ higher than 500 Pa, G″ higher than 100 Pa). Ultrasound pretreatments allowed obtaining a variety of pectin enriched fractions with interesting characteristics for food formulation.Practical applicationsPectins are widely used as texture modifiers in the food industry. Commercial pectins are commonly obtained from waste from the citrus juice industry, using mineral acids at high temperatures, producing large amounts of polluting effluents. The study of the use of organic acids in combination with clean technologies such as ultrasound, which allow higher pectin yields to be obtained through less polluting processes, is of great interest as an environmentally friendly alternative. Likewise, it is important to demonstrate that the pectins obtained through such technologies are effectively useful for the industry as texture modifying additives. In this work it is proposed to study the effect of the use of indirect and direct ultrasound as pretreatments in the extraction with citric acid of Salustiana orange pectin.

Microbially-Produced Organic Acids as Leaching Agents for Metal Recovery Processes

Abstract Minerals have been important throughout history, but nowadays, their use has increased, as well as their extraction needs. Therefore, due to the growing demand for metals, and both the depletion of high-grade ores and their related environmental concerns, the mining industry has been forced to leave behind the past traditional techniques of metal recovery (use of inorganic acids), and adopt eco-friendlier alternatives, such as the utilization of weaker leaching agents, such as organic acids. Thus, the present review is focused on the use of microbially-produced organic acids as a promising alternative to conventional techniques in the mining industry, with emphasis on the following topics: a) the advantages and disadvantages of the use of organic acids for leaching purposes, b) the main microorganisms studied for the production of these organic acids, c) a summary of the latest reports on bioleaching as well as a comparison of the existent techniques; d) the explanation of leaching mechanisms where organic acids may be involved, to fulfill metal recovery; and, e) interactions between metallic ions and organic acids. The review of the current knowledge regarding the use of organic acids for leaching purposes seeks the visualization of relevant strategies that may be improved for metal-recovery processes, intending to develop circular economy practices that may have the potential to be implemented at an industrial scale.