Use Of Online Assessment Research Articles

Navigating Online Assessments in Post-Pandemic Education: Challenges and Strategies

This research aims to describe the use of online assessment by English lecturers in the post-pandemic Covid-19 period. Specifically, this research seeks to identify the challenges faced and how to manage them. The research used qualitative descriptive research focusing on interviews and documentation with lecturers at Universitas Widya Gama Mahakam Samarinda. The findings revealed that lecturers used various platforms including YouTube, Google Drive, SPADA, Instagram, and Facebook. The challenges found in this research were varied due to the hybrid nature of post-pandemic teaching and learning. Challenges faced by lecturers included behavioral issues such as student discipline, plagiarism, password knowledge, and attendance, as well as technical issues such as students' internet access. To manage these challenges, lecturers implemented strict rules against plagiarism, set clear deadlines, and provided rewards like gamification. They also encouraged students to use their names as usernames and passwords and explained the features of the Learning Management System (LMS) to those unfamiliar with it. Additionally, lecturers shared internet data with students to address technical problems. Overall, the research found that online assessment appears to be a solution to meet the needs of lecturers and students, making teaching and learning accessible everywhere, effective, and reaching the target material taught for one semester.

Online Assessments in Medical Education: Identified Challenges and PotentialSolutions

: The scope of online assessment in the field of medical education is extensive and varied, encompassing a wide range of types of assessments and purposes. For the assessment of the cognitive domain, online assessment can be carried out with the help of a number of assessment methods. As is the case with any potential tool, even online assessments have their share of limitations, and we must be aware of this as it can help us to make a systematic and evidence-based decision about when to use online assessments and when to combine them with traditional assessments. In order to enhance the acceptability and use of online assessments in medical education, it is crucial to overcome the identified limitations. The primary strategy is to clearly communicate the format, the instructions, and the expectations from both teachers and students to avoid all kinds of confusion. In conclusion, online assessments have immense scope in the field of medical education. However, considering the fact that the successful implementation of these assessments depends on multiple factors, it becomes essential that we take appropriate measures to overcome the potential challenges and adopt a concerted and collaborative approach.

Publication Trends of Online Assessment in Physical Education

Covid-19 significantly contributed to increasing use of online assessment in education, including physical education. Teachers still need online assessments in face-to-face learning because they help them improve a practical, objective, and credible assessment process for students' learning performance. This research aimed at tracking the publication trends of OA in PE in four years, 2019-2023, from the Scopus database. The investigation began on October 11, 2023, using the title, abstract, and keywords of "online AND assessment AND in AND physical AND education," and the researchers succeeded in collecting 985 documents (articles = 82.74%, conference papers = 8.83%, reviews = 6.19%, book chapters = 1.32%, and conference reviews = 0.91%). The publication trend metrics were highest in 2021 with 277 articles (28.12%) and began to decline by 0.10% in 2022 (to 28.02%) and 9.04% in 2023 (to 18.98). Over the four years 2019-2023, there were 2698 citations from 277 documents (average citations per document = 9.74). VOSviewer analysis proves that the title words "online assessment" and "physical education" have a small item load, so the visualisation was not visible in the VOS viewer output. Apart from that, the two title words also did not have a connection. This means that this study proved the results of online assessment investigation in physical education still has potential for future research. Future research can explore and project the various needs for developing OA in PE to help teachers organise effective, efficient and credible assessment activities.

Dental undergraduate students’ perspectives of online assessments conducted during the Covid-19 pandemic – a report from one South African university

IntroductionOnline assessments are commonly used in health sciences curricula worldwide. However, it is unclear on how undergraduate dental therapy and oral hygiene students at a South African university responded to the transition from traditional classroom-based to online assessments, as a result of the Covid-19 pandemic. Aims and objectivesThis paper reports on students’ knowledge and practices of,attitudes towards and preparedness for online assessments.MethodThis was a descriptive study, using a mixed methodsapproach to obtain quantitative and qualitative data through an online questionnaire.ResultsThis study indicated most students (n=93, 87%) were familiar with online assessments; however, only (n=68, 63.5%) were confident about taking these tests. Most students agreed that online assessment helped them grasp all aspects of theory, while less than half of third-year students agreed that online assessments helped them to integrate theory into clinical practice. The reported challenges were connectivity problems with online assessment and insufficient time to complete online tests. ConclusionThis study demonstrated that undergraduate dental students were familiar with online assessments and were confident about taking them. They believed this helped them grasp all aspects of theory despite specific challenges associated with the use of online assessments. This study suggests that online assessments could be a valuable method in measuring student com

Online Assessment in the Classroom

The COVID pandemic brought the sudden introduction of remote online assessments to courses designed for traditional in-person offerings. Instructors learned new techniques for developing and implementing online assessments and became proficient in their offerings. Students quickly grew accustomed to completing assessments online.
 As I returned to the classroom, I retained my use of online assessments and combined them with in-person proctoring. I have continued this rather simple technique to reduce paper usage and decrease exam management and grading efforts. My in-person students in all my classes continue to take their exams online, but they do so on their own computers in the classroom. Another unexpected benefit from this practices is that, when allowed responses and points allocation are reconsidered after students have completed the exam, the change across all students can be accomplished with a single change in an online exam. I suspect the practice of online exams proctored in the classroom has been adopted by others, and offer it as an efficiency for others.

Higher education student responses to the use of online assessments on biology material

The integration of technology into learning assessment activities makes it easy for educators to carry out online assessments which provide convenience for students and an effective assessment. The purpose of this research is to find out the response of students in the Biology Education Study Program towards online assessment platforms for Biology materials and learning. This typed of researched was quantitative descriptive used a surveyed method which had been carried out in the odd semester of 2021/2022 with the researched subjects being active students of Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Muhammadiyah Malang, a total of 114 students. The data collection technique used a surveyed method used Google Form and the data was analyzed descriptively. The results of the studied showed that of the 5 assessment platforms used in the researched, Quizizz and Google Form platforms was the preferred assessment platforms by students The results of this study indicate that in the future we need a product that can meet the needs of the assessment and according to the needs of the respondents. This product corresponds to the advantages and disadvantages of each online assessment platform. Thus, creating a more effective and efficient online assessment platform.

Online Assessments for Reflection within a Large Class: A Case Study of English for Educational Development Law Students at the University of the Western Cape

This study reports on the use of online assessments in English for an Educational Development module for law students at the University of the Western Cape, South Africa. It highlights the benefits of using the method of an online test to manage and enable learning by reflection in a large class setting. The design and development of online materials and assessment activities is based on a theoretical and conceptual framework that stems from the main schools of learning, namely behaviourism, cognitivism, and constructivism, and alternative assessment. Upon the completion of the course, a survey of 12 questions was given to 530 students to determine the benefits and challenges they experienced while completing their online test within a formative and reflective context. The adoption of e-Learning practices to enhance teaching and learning was explored and has shown its advantages. Results revealed that this method enables students to engage with learning materials, stay motivated, and test their own understanding of meaningful knowledge in the English language especially in the Law context. It is evident that the use of online methods for testing are beneficial for a large class context as in this case. It makes the learning and management thereof easier for both the learner and educator and accommodates different learning styles. Apart from the advantages, the findings of this study included some ethical and technical challenges and disadvantages of online assessments.

Computer educators' perception of the utilization of online assessment in the Covid‐19 era

AbstractThe proliferation of ICT in today's world of work particularly in education has necessitated the need to assess lecturers' views of online assessment use in the covid‐19 era given the disruptions in face‐to‐face teaching and learning process. The study adopted a mixed research design. The population for the study was 84 computer educators made up of 40 males and 44 females from the four public tertiary institutions in Enugu State, Nigeria. Three research questions and two hypotheses guided the study. The instruments used for data collection were a structured questionnaire titled “Computer Educators' Perception of Use of Online Assessment” (CEPUOA) and a guided interview relating to the research questions. The internal consistency was determined using the Cronbach α reliability test which gave an index of .9. The data collected were analyzed using mean and standard deviation while the null hypotheses were tested using a t‐test at 0.05 level of significance. The findings of the study indicated that computer educators have a positive disposition toward the use of online assessment in conducting various assessment techniques such as tests/quizzes, semester examinations, and seminar/project evaluations. The findings of the study further showed that the utilization of online assessment techniques facilitates timely monitoring of students' progress, and the provision of immediate feedback to the learners helps in preparing students with digital skills required to function in the 21st‐century workplace, among others. In view of these, it was recommended that tertiary institutions should initiate workable policies that will encourage the effective use of online assessment by lecturers.

Factors affecting the adoption and use of online assessment for learning at Polytechnics in Zimbabwe

The purpose of this study was to investigate the key factors affecting the adoption and use of online assessment in Polytechnics in Zimbabwe during the COVID-19 era using the Technology-Organisation-Environment (TOE) framework and Technology Acceptance model (TAM). A qualitative research methodology was employed to discover and explain the adoption factors of online assessment for learning based on the participants’ experiences. Data were collected from lecturers and students from Harare Polytechnic using semi-structured interviews. Total of 10 students and five lecturers were purposively selected from five Departments. The factors affecting the adoption and use of online assessment were coded using Template analysis and classified based on the theoretical lens of the integration of the TOE framework and TAM. The study reveals that the adoption and use of online assessment in Polytechnics depend on technological factors (internet access, computing devices, and ICT infrastructure), organisational factors (institutional support), environmental factors (academic integrity), and individual factors (digital skills and user perceptions). This study concludes that online assessment is no longer a choice for tertiary education institutions since COVID-19 has presented a mandatory environment for its adoption. As far as theoretical contributions of this study are concerned, the study extends the TOE framework by explaining how the individual factors, for instance, the digital skills and user perceptions influence the successful adoption of technology in mandatory environments such as online assessment during COVID-19. In terms of practical contributions, the extended TOE framework can be used as a valuable point of reference for scaling up the adoption and use of online assessment in Polytechnics. The study recommends that both lecturers and students should be trained on the usage of an online assessment.

Evaluating the potential impact of online assessment on students' academic performance

PurposeWith the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, online assessment has become the dominant mode of examination in higher education institutions. However, there are contradictory findings on how students perceive online assessment and its impact on their academic performance. Thus, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the potential impact of online assessment on students' academic performance.Design/methodology/approachThis study proposes a research model based on the task–technology fit theory and empirically validates the model using a survey from students in the UK. In addition, the study conducted four experiments based on paper-based and online assessments and analysed the data using paired sample t test and structural equation modelling.FindingsThe findings show that the use of online assessment has a positive impact on students' academic performance. Similarly, the results from the experiment also indicate that students perform better using online assessments than paper-based assessments.Practical implicationsThe findings provide crucial evidence needed to shape policy towards institutionalising online assessment. In addition, the findings provide assurance to students, academics, administrators and policymakers that carefully designed online assessments can improve students' academic performance. Moreover, the study also provides important insights for curriculum redesign towards transitioning to online assessment in higher education institutions.Originality/valueThis study advances research by offering a more nuanced understanding of online assessment on students' academic performance since the majority of previous studies have offered contradictory findings. In addition, the study moves beyond existing research by complementing assessment results with the views of students in evaluating the impact of online assessment on their academic performance. Second, the study develops and validates a research model that explains how the fits between technology and assessment tasks influence students' academic performance. Lastly, the study provides evidence to support the wide use of online assessment in higher education.

Feedback Generation through Artificial Intelligence

Feedback is an essential part of the educational assessment that improves student learning. As education changes with the advancement of technology, educational assessment has also adapted to the advent of Artificial Intelligence (AI). Despite the increasing use of online assessments during the last decade, a limited number of studies have discussed the feedback generation process as implemented through AI. To address this gap, we propose a conceptual paper to organize and discuss the application of AI in the feedback generation and delivery processes. Among different branches of AI, Natural Language Processing (NLP), Educational Data Mining (EDM), and Learning Analytics (LA) play the most critical roles in the feedback generation process. The process begins with analyzing students’ data from educational assessments to build a predictive machine learning model with additional features such as students’ interaction with course material using EDM methods to predict students’ learning outcomes. Written feedback can be generated from a model with NLP-based algorithms before being delivered, along with non-verbal feedback via a LA dashboard or a digital score report. Also, ethical recommendations for using AI for feedback generation are discussed. This paper contributes to understanding the feedback generation process to serve as a venue for the future development of digital feedback.

Frequency of use of online assessment by higher level teachers during confinement due to the COVID-19 pandemic

The purpose of this research was to review how often mathematics teachers use technological tools to assess their students and, the relationship established with the reliability, ease of use, and usefulness that teachers find in them; in order to offer them courses or workshops that allow them to use different tools that help them in the evaluation process, as well as, to show them different options of use for the different moments in their class, such as in diagnostic, formative or summative assessment. Under the paradigm of quantitative research, a questionnaire was applied to a random sample of 12 teachers from a public institution of higher education in Mexico City. All teachers were invited (N=14), but only 12 were able to participate; therefore, there was an 8% margin of error. The application of the questionnaire was during the period of confinement. The reliability of the questionnaire has been validated and Pearson correlation analyzes have been carried out, based on the variables: frequency and ease of use, usefulness, and reliability. The results showed that in the category of medium use, more than half of the teachers in the sample have shown a frequency of regular use of the online assessment tools. A comparison was made with the authors of the reviewed literature and coincidences were found with the answers given by the teachers. For example, there are authors who showed that teachers use ICT more frequently in their classes when they have all the necessary technological skills. Due to the above, various alternatives were proposed that encourage teachers to use it. The higher the frequency of use of online platforms, the greater the utility they find in them. With the results obtained, it is concluded that the frequency of use of online platforms positively influences the development of confidence that teachers must work with these tools.

Perceptions of undergraduate pharmacy students towards online assessments used during the COVID-19 pandemic in a public university in Malaysia

Objective: To evaluate the perceptions of undergraduate pharmacy students towards online assessments used during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted using a self-administered, validated and pre-tested online questionnaire. The data were collected from December 2020 to January 2021 and analysed using descriptive and inferential tests. Results: Of the 233 respondents (response rate: 72%), approximately 45% strongly disagree or disagree that online assessment is better than the conventional method of assessment. Only 23.6% were very satisfied or satisfied with online assessment, while 28.8% were very dissatisfied or dissatisfied. About 80% experienced problems with online assessment including failure of portal/online server (63.5%), slow or failure of internet connection (45.5%) and a problem with laptop/gadget (40.8%). Females, final year students, and those who have access to very fast internet speed had significantly better perceptions towards online assessment. Conclusion: Undergraduate pharmacy students have negative perceptions towards online assessment used during the COVID-19 pandemic. Most of the students experienced difficulties with online assessment and this may affect their performances. The challenges identified should be addressed in order to improve the use of online assessment in the future.

An Analysis of Students’ Perception of Online Assessments and its Relation to Motivation Towards Mathematics Learning

Assessing student performance is a challenge faced by most educational institutions during this time when conducting in-campus classes is affected by the pandemic. Use of online assessments to determine student performance is gaining wider acceptance over the traditional paper-and-pen type as it allows evaluation of what the students learned despite the lack of physical classroom interaction. Although there are studies that examine student perceptions about online learning in general, only a few focus on assessments especially those that consider its relation to affective aspects of learning. The views of students being the primary beneficiaries of the technology would give relevant information in designing appropriate online assessments and can bring about the success of its implementation. Thus, this present study investigated the usefulness of online assessments according to the perspective of students particularly in their math subject and its relation to their motivation towards mathematics learning. A mixed methods research design was conducted to determine the perception and motivation of 127 second year level engineering students via a questionnaire survey after exposure to a set of online assessments. Results showed that students have a high level of motivation towards mathematics learning and have positive perception about online assessments. Using factor analysis, variations in the perception were found to be explained by 4 factors focused on ease of use and functionality, personal preference, technical considerations, and complementation with other methods. Some of these factors were found to be significantly related with various aspects of motivation. Interview of students also revealed they found taking online assessments a positive innovation in giving assignments and prefer them over traditional assignments. The findings derived from this study give teachers a basis in designing more effective online assessments particularly those that address the needs of today’s generation of learners. Further, for a developing country like the Philippines, findings of this study would greatly contribute to the government and academic sector’s efforts in capacity building of its online system of education.

SECONDARY SCHOOL TEACHERS’ PERCEPTIONS OF THE CHALLENGES AND SOLUTIONS TO ONLINE ASSESSMENT OF LEARNING

<p>The study determined secondary school teachers’ perceptions of the challenges and solutions to online assessment of learning. The study is a descriptive survey guided by two research questions and two null hypotheses tested at 0.05 level of significance. The instruments for data collection were Digital Literacy Test (DLT) and a structured questionnaire titled: Challenges and Solutions to Online Assessment of Learning (CASOAL). The reliability of DLT was determined using Kuder-Richardson formula 20 to be 0.81 and that of CASOAL was determined using Cronbach Alpha to be 0.72. The instrument was administered via telegram-x platform of secondary school teachers in Anambra state using Google forms. Data generated from the study were analysed using descriptive statistics and Anova. The findings revealed that secondary school teachers’ perceptions about the challenges and solutions to online assessment include among other things: poor internet connectivity in rural and remote areas, indication of poorer level of performance for students who struggle with technology; lack of certainty in terms of academic integrity and cheating; difficulty in scoring and correcting questions with open responses. It was recommended among others that school administrators should organise orientation for students and professional training for teachers on the use of online assessment.</p><p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0894/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

Online Assessment during Covid-19 Pandemic: EFL Teachers’ Perspectives and Their Practices

The Covid-19 pandemic made a change in learning activities from face-to-face into online distance learning. Meanwhile, teachers need to evaluate student achievements weekly even during the Covid-19 pandemic. This study aims to find out about teachers’ perspectives and their practices on the use of online assessment during Covid-19 in the context of ELT classroom. A case study design was used to answer the purpose of this research. An open-ended questionnaire and online interviews were performed to collect the data. This study revealed the teachers had a negative perception about online assessment during the Covid-19 pandemic. They got some obstacles while conducting the assessment test such as (1) the internet connection; (2) the validity of the assessment; (3) and the low of students’ enthusiasm. However, in practice, during Covid-19, the use of online assessment helps the teachers in distributing the material and assessing students’ achievement. Implications for perception and practice are also discussed.

Candidates undertaking (invigilated) assessment online show no differences in performance compared to those undertaking assessment offline

Background Medical education has historically relied on high stakes knowledge tests sat in examination centres with invigilators monitoring academic malpractice. The COVID-19 pandemic has made such examination formats impossible, and medical educators have explored the use of online assessments as a potential replacement. This shift has in turn led to fears that the change in format or academic malpractice might lead to considerably higher attainment scores on online assessment with no underlying improvement in student competence. Method Here, we present an analysis of 8092 sittings of the Prescribing Safety Assessment (PSA), an assessment designed to test the prescribing skills of final year medical students in the UK. In-person assessments for the PSA were cancelled partway through the academic year 2020, with 6048 sittings delivered in an offline, traditionally invigilated format, and then 2044 sittings delivered in an online, webcam invigilated format. Results A comparison (able to detect very small effects) showed no attainment gap between online (M = 0.762, SD = 0.34) and offline (M = 0.761, SD = 0.34) performance. Conclusions The finding suggests that the transition to online assessment does not affect student performance. The findings should increase confidence in the use of online testing in high-stakes assessment.

Students' perception toward the use of google classroom as an assessment media in EFL

The objectives of this research were to identify the students’ perception of the use of online assessment on Google Classroom in EFL classrooms and to find out the students’ challenges in doing online assessment in Google Classroom in EFL classrooms. The subjects were consisted of 45 English department students of Lampung University. A close-ended and an open-ended questionnaire were used to collect the data. The data from close-ended questionnaire was analyzed by using descriptive statistic on SPSS, while the data from the open-ended questionnaire was analyzed manually. The result of this study indicated that the students have a positive perception toward the use of online assessment in Google Classroom. It happened because the mean score of the questionnaire was 3.67 to 5.00. the range score indicates that the level of students’ perception is on the high level. This study also found out that there are several challenges of the students faced when using online assessment in Google Classroom, those are; time, internet connection, the system problems and about the controller. Based on the research finding above, it be concluded that there are strengths and weaknesses toward the implementation o online assessment. Although as previously from the results of the data obtained that students have positive perceptions of the use of online assessment in Google Classroom, it does not mean that there are no difficulties from the students in doing the online assessment in Google Classroom. Keywords: Google Classroom, online assessment, students’ perception

Rasch Model Assessment for Bloom Digital Taxonomy Applications

Assessment using Bloom’s taxonomy levels has evolved in a variety of contexts and uses. In the era of the COVID-19 pandemic, which necessitates use of online assessment, the need for teachers to use digital-based taxonomy skills or Bloom’s Digital Taxonomy (BDT) has increased even more. However, the existing studies on validity and reliability of BDT items are limited. To overcome this limitation, this study aims to test whether BDT has good psychometric characteristics as a teacher’s self-assessment tool using the Rasch model analysis and to investigate the pattern of BDT usage in teaching and learning. By using a quantitative online survey design, this study involves six levels of BDT, namely, Remembering, Understanding, Applying, Analyzing, Evaluating, and Creating. The questionnaire was developed and validated by two experts prior to administration. A stratified random sampling technique was conducted on 774 secondary teachers from five geographical zones in Malaysia, and the Rasch model was analyzed using WINSTEPS 3.71 software. The performances of items improved by Rasch psychometric assessment including the application of BDT among teachers. The hierarchy level was also assessed through graphical analysis, including the Wright map and bubble chart, to demonstrate the powerful performance of the Rasch model analysis in investigating item quality and reliability. Overall, these empirically validated items using the Rasch model could advance the academic knowledge of BDT for future assessment and promote the Rasch calibration in an educational setting.

ONLINE ASSESSMENT OF COGNITIVE ASPECTS IN HIGHER EDUCATION

The use of online assessment s has been widely used in various fields including universities. Research to find the validity of online assessment s has been conducted and the results are high but the opinions of people who are assessed on the application of online assessment s have not been carried out. The purpose of this study was to determine the opinion of the person being assessed after conducting an online assessment . 150 students were selected to be respondents consisting of 126 male and 24 female who were taken by the sampling technique, namely the total sampling. The application of online assessment s in universities is very suitable. There are several advantages to implementing online assessment s, including 1) it is preferred by students so that students will be motivated to conduct assessment s; 2) high accessibility and flexibility; 3) rapid feedback. Therefore, the use of online assessment s in higher education can be done without reducing the quality of the assessment .