Use Of Ore Research Articles

The Aspects of Radiation Safety When Working With Ore from the Tomtor Integrated Rare Metal Deposit in Yakutia, Used as a Modifying Additive in Welding Materials

The results of measurements of the content of radioactive elements in ore samples from the Tomtor integral rare metal deposit are considered with the aim of safe use of ore with rare earth elements as a modifier of the weld pool during the processes of manual arc welding and fusing. It was revealed using a semiconductor gamma spectrometer that a significantly larger proportion of ionizing radiation activity is represented by the thorium-232 family. It is noted that natural concentrate is added to the composition of welding materials in very small quantities, and during welding operations in the room next to the welder, the values of the exposure dose rate will correspond to the initial radiation background in the room, therefore, both the welder and those people who will be in contact with the welded materials will not receive additional radiation dose to the natural background. It was concluded that the process of manufacturing the welding materials, welding, fusing and the use of welded structures are completely safe in terms of radiation.

Sustainable Cauliflower-Patterned CuFe2O4 Electrode Production from Chalcopyrite for Supercapacitor Applications.

The primary purpose of this study was to produce an ore-based high-capacity supercapacitor electrode. For this, chalcopyrite ore was first leached with nitric acid, and then metal oxide synthesis was carried out immediately on nickel foam using a hydrothermal technique from the solution. Cauliflower-patterned CuFe2O4 with a wall thickness of about 23 nm was synthesized on the Ni foam surface, characterized by XRD, FTIR, XPS, SEM, and TEM investigations. The produced electrode also displayed a feature of a battery-like charge storage mechanism with a specific capacity of 525 mF cm-2 at 2 mA cm-2 current density, energy of 8.9 mWh cm-2, and a power density of 233 mW cm-2. Additionally, even after 1350 cycles, this electrode still performed at 109% of its original capacity. The performance of this finding is 255% higher than that of the CuFe2O4 in our earlier investigation; despite being pure, it performs far better than some of its equivalents in the literature. Obtaining such performance from an electrode made from ore indicates that the use of ore has a lot of potential for supercapacitor production and property improvement.

АСПЕКТЫ ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ТРЕБОВАНИЙ ПРИ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ КУЧНОГО ВЫЩЕЛАЧИВАНИЯ МЕДНЫХ РУД

The article discusses issues related to the leaching process of copper ores, which is limited by the time of the summer period and the unpreparedness of the base piles, which leads to leakage of productive solutions, loss of metals and environmental pollution. A method of intensive heap leaching of oxidized ores has been developed, which allows complex extraction of useful components from hard-to-extract ore. Based on the results of the conducted research, a working draft of the heap leaching site of copper oxide ores of the Maly-Spassky quarry was carried out. It is shown that the economic indicators of the developed technology increase significantly with the complex use of ore compared with the extraction of copper only from it.

Mineral inclusions in the late bronze age metal objects оf Southern Transurals

The paper is devoted to the determination of copper raw material types based on the analysis of mineral inclusions and the composition of metal objects from the Late Bronze Age settlements of the Southern Transurals (XIX–XIII centuries BC). The composition of alloys, inclusions of sulfdes, oxides and metals of objects was established by scanning electron microscopy. The composition of objects is dominated by copper and tin bronze, with a subordinate role of arsenic bronze. The presence of chalcocite and bornite inclusions in most objects indicates the use of rich ores from secondary sulfde enrichment zone. In comparison with analogs, the low total amount of sulfdes in the Southern Transuralian metal objects may indicate the use of mixed oxide and sulfde concentrates. The high Se and Te concentrations of sulfdes are indicative of using of ores of volcanic-hosted massive sulfde or skarn deposits. Keywords: metal objects, copper, bronze, sulfdes, Late Bronze Age, Southern Transurals

From mine to part: directed energy deposition of iron ore

Purpose This paper aims to gain an understanding of the behaviour of iron ore when melted by a laser beam in a continuous manner. This fundamental knowledge is essential to further develop additive manufacturing routes such as production of low cost parts and in-situ reduction of the ore during processing. Design/methodology/approach Blown powder directed energy deposition was used as the processing method. The process was observed through high-speed imaging, and computed tomography was used to analyse the specimens. Findings The experimental trials give preliminary results showing potential for the processability of iron ore for additive manufacturing. A large and stable melt pool is formed in spite of the inhomogeneous material used. Single and multilayer tracks could be deposited. Although smooth and even on the surface, the single layer tracks displayed porosity. In case of multilayered tracks, delamination from the substrate material and deformation can be seen. High-speed videos of the process reveal various process phenomena such as melting of ore powder during feeding, cloud formation, melt pool size, melt flow and spatter formation. Originality/value Very little literature is available that studies the possible use of ore in additive manufacturing. Although the process studied here is not industrially useable as is, it is a step towards processing cheap unprocessed material with a laser beam.

Provenance of tin in the Late Bronze Age Balkans based on probabilistic and spatial analysis of Sn isotopes

We report the largest published dataset to date of Sn-isotopic compositions of Bronze Age artifacts (338) along with 150 cassiterite samples (75 new) from six potential tin ore sources from which the tin in these artifacts were thought to have likely originated. The artifacts are from a broad area, Central Europe through the Central Balkans, and the six tin sources are Cornwall, three sites in the Erzgebirge, and two sites in Serbia. A clustering analysis on mean site-level isotopic values of δ124Sn identifies regional variation that can be attributed to the use of different tin ore sources in different regions. Therefore, geographically meaningful regions were identified to group the Bronze Age artifact assemblages and a probabilistic, Bayesian analysis was performed to determine the proportional contribution of each tin source to each regional assemblage. Artifacts enriched in heavy isotopes (δ124Sn > 0.7‰) that cluster in west-central Serbia are likely associated with the ores from Mt. Cer in west Serbia. Mixed artifact assemblages (high and low δ124Sn) in this region are attributed to the use of cassiterite from the two Serbian sites (Mt. Cer and Mt. Bukulja). Moderate composition artifacts that occur north of the Middle Danube in Vojvodina, Transylvania, and Central Europe are likely associated primarily with ores from the West Pluton of the Erzgebirge. Compositionally light bronzes (δ124Sn < 0.2‰) in southern Serbia and the lower Danube river valley cannot be linked to a documented ore source. There is no indication of the use of ores from Cornwall or the East Pluton of the Erzgebirge in Central Europe and the Balkans during the Late Bronze Age.

An Installation for Compressing Gases

An installation for compressing inert gases to pressures of tens of kilobars is described. The installation differs from its analogs described in the literature in the method for supplying compressed gas into the chamber and in the use of O-rings as a basis for movable and fixed seals.

ПРОИЗВОДСТВО СЕРЕБРЯНОГО РУБЛЯ И УЧАСТИЕ ГОРНОГО УНИВЕРСИТЕТА В РАЗВИТИИ МОНЕТНОГО ДЕЛА РОССИИ

The article is a continuation of the research on the production of silver rubles and the development of Russian coinage. Graduates of the Saint-Petersburg Mining University contributed to the reputation and history of the Saint-Petersburg Mint as an advanced and high-tech production.The article describes the beginning of the development of silver ruble production, the use of ores from the Nerchinskoye deposit in the Transbaikalia to produce the main raw material in the form of concentrates and a silver alloy. The materials for the study used unique exhibits of the Mining Museum of the Saint-Petersburg Mining University, which are associated with the history of coinage and the Saint-Petersburg Mint. Some samples of lead-silver ores cast billets, and stamped coins were studied to determine the technological features of their manufacture. An analytical study of the features of minting and obtaining the first Russian silver coins according to some data of the royal decrees was carried out. The current level of technology and knowledge, as well as the special equipment of the laboratories of the Saint-Petersburg Mining University, made it possible to re-evaluate the characteristic features of the production of silver coins.

Inhibition of Anaerobic Biological Treatment: A Review

Anaerobic digestion is a method for treating living and industrial wastewater by anaerobic degradation of organic compounds, which can produce biogas (carbon dioxide and methane mixture) and microbial biomass. And biogas as a renewable resource, can replace the use of ore fuel. In the process of anaerobic digestion, the problems of low methane yield and unstable reaction process are often encountered, which limits the widespread use of this technology. Various inhibitors are the main limiting factors for anaerobic digestion. In this paper, the main factors limiting anaerobic digestion are reviewed, and the latest research progress is introduced.

OUTLINE OF METALLOGENY OF THE POLISH CARPATHIANS – ORE DEPOSIT MODELS AND THE POSSIBILITY OF DISCOVERY HIDDEN ORE DEPOSITS

There are numerous manifestations of ore mineralization in the Polish part of the Carpathians. In the past there were episodes of mining activity too. Iron ores were mined in Tatra Mountains and Outer Carpathians) as well as a small scale exploitation of polymetallic lodes was undertaken (Tatra, Pieniny). Currently there is a lack documented deposits of metallic ores in this area. Former deposits were of small size, in addition, often significantly exhausted and did not meet current quality requirements. The last exploration works for ore deposits were carried out in the twentieth century, especially in the period after World War II. However, but they have not led to discovery of new deposits. The increasing demand for metals and the development of technologies allowing the use of ore with low levels of metals and profitable exploitation of small “hidden” deposits gives rise to reconsider the possibility of occurrence of ore deposits in the Carpathians. This paper focuses on two major topics. The first one is a discussion and analysis of available source materials and data on the old deposits and identified occurrences of ore mineralization. An attempt their interpretation in relation to the contemporary models of deposits was made. The current models geotectonic construction of the Carpathians and their development, was taken into account. The second topic, based on the results presented analyzes and thoughts, focuses to select some areas, which are prospective for the occurrence of ore deposits, especially deposits located at greater depths than previously sought. In these areas (the Bystre thrust, the area from Krynica to Wysowa as well as the zone with andesite occurrences in the Pieniny Klippen Belt) it is recommended to perform exploration, both in terms of their deep geological conditions as well as some geochemical surveys, using modern research methods.

Development of parameters for economic evaluation of using enrichment wastes of the mining enterprises

The problem of economic evaluation of use of enrichment wastes is investigated in the article. It is established a direct relation between the integrated use of mineral resources and increasing the efficiency of the mining enterprises. Improved economic evaluation of complex use of enrichment wastes of the mining enterprises is presented. The problem of complex use of enrichment wastes will always be important at every stage of economy (crisis or recession), as it provides significant savings of minerals and increase the economic efficiency of the mining enterprises. The model of using two types of concentrate production technology is presented: the main technology and through the optimal use of ore and enrichment wastes while minimizing costs. Organizational and economic mechanism for management of technology of integrated usage of enrichment wastes of the mining enterprises was developed. Selection of the most effective technology that will take effective decisions was chosen on the basis of this mechanism. The economic effect of introduction of the integrated use of mineral resources is 51,78 million UAH.

The Use of Combustion Reactions for Processing Mineral Raw Materials: Metallothermy and Self-propagating High-temperature Synthesis (Review)

The use of metallothermy (MT) and self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) is considered for processing different geological and technogenic materials. Traditional MT and SHS processes for production of various metals and nonmetal materials are widely known. Another rapidly developing direction is that connected with the use of ores, concentrates, minerals, and technogenic waste products as one of the components of a thermite mixture, both for the treatment of mineral raw by means of MT or SHS resulting in semi-products and for technological, analytical, and ecological purposes.

Interaction of antimonite with sulfhydryl reagents by the mathematical modeling data

Physicochemical representations and computer modeling are a promising direction in the selection and application of more effective reagents when solving the problem of the complex use of ores. In this publication, results of the investigation into the interaction of sulfhydryl collectors with antimony sulfide and evaluations of the interaction mechanism of these reagents with antimonyl (the main product of oxidizing antimonite) using the ChemiBi3D program of the ChemOffice specialized complex of the Cambridge Soft corporation (Great Britain) as well as the MOPAC 2012 program module (United States) are given. The possibility of applying a series of indices, which are computer characteristics of reagents, as the criterion of evaluating the flotation activity of organic compounds relative to nonferrous metal cations is substantiated.

Learning About the History of Landscape Use for the Future: Consequences for Ecological and Social Systems in Swedish Bergslagen

Barriers and bridges to implement policies about sustainable development and sustainability commonly depend on the past development of social–ecological systems. Production of metals required integration of use of ore, streams for energy, and wood for bioenergy and construction, as well as of multiple societal actors. Focusing on the Swedish Bergslagen region as a case study we (1) describe the phases of natural resource use triggered by metallurgy, (2) the location and spatial extent of 22 definitions of Bergslagen divided into four zones as a proxy of cumulative pressure on landscapes, and (3) analyze the consequences for natural capital and society. We found clear gradients in industrial activity, stream alteration, and amount of natural forest from the core to the periphery of Bergslagen. Additionally, the legacy of top-down governance is linked to today’s poorly diversified business sector and thus municipal vulnerability. Comparing the Bergslagen case study with other similar regions in Russia and Germany, we discuss the usefulness of multiple case studies.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s13280-012-0369-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Leak tightness of magnetic pulse crimped joints

The goal of this master thesis is to realize and investigate leak tightness of joints produced by theelectromagnetic pulse (EMP) crimping process. This way of joining metals has gained more attention lately.With EMP welding, leak tight joints can already be achieved. However, the crimping process has somemajor advantages over EMP welding like the fact that more material combinations are possible and itrequires less energy. To realize the leak tightness, two kinds of sealing materials are used: O-rings andadhesives. The workpieces consist of an aluminium or stainless steel tube which is crimped on a solidaluminium mandrel with circumferential grooves in it. First, some preliminary tests are performed todetermine how much the tubes deform in the grooves. This deformation mainly depends on the appliedcharging voltage and the geometry of the groove. With this information, it is possible to estimate the amountof compression an O-ring would undergo when placed inside this groove. On other workpieces, adhesiveswill be applied. Several test procedures can be conducted on the parts to investigate leak tightness. Theresults of a helium test and a pressure burst test on the first test series conducted at the Walloon researchcentre CEWAC already showed that the use of O-rings can be effective.

Combining traditional and geotechnical methods in the integrated use of ores and minerals

It is proposed that the use of ores and other mineral resources be made more efficient by using combinations of traditional and physicochemical methods to produce metals. This will require an acceleration of physicochemical research in this area and the creation of a long-range inter-departmental program to research, design, experiment with, and commercially test new technologies.

Use of Ores and Industrial Products As Oxygen Carriers in Chemical-Looping Combustion

A screening of Fe- and Mn-based ores and industrial products was made in order to identify suitable low-cost materials that could be used as oxygen carriers in chemical-looping combustion (CLC). A laboratory fluidized bed reactor system, simulating chemical-looping combustion by exposing the sample to alternating reducing and oxidizing conditions, was used. Fifteen grams of each material with a particle size of 125−180 μm was exposed to a flow of 450 mLn/min of either methane or syngas (50% CO, 50% H2) during reduction. During the oxidizing phase to a flow of 1000 mLn/min, 5% O2 in nitrogen was used. All materials had a high reactivity with syngas. Some materials such as the Mn-based Colormax and the Fe-based Glödskal had also a high reactivity with methane making them possible candidates for CLC with gaseous fuel. Some of the materials, especially the Mn-based ones, showed poor mechanical stability and poor fluidizing properties. Roughly half of the Fe-based materials, but only one of the Mn-based materials, had properties that could make them suitable as oxygen carriers in a CLC system for solid fuels.

Oxyresveratrol dampens neuroimmune responses in vivo: a selective effect on TNF-α

Consumption of nutrients rich in hydroxystilbenes has been promoted because of their health benefits, including dampening of inflammatory responses. However, few studies have examined their effects in vivo. Here, we show that the hydroxystilbene oxyresveratrol (trans-2,3',4,5'-tetrahydroxystilbene: o-RES) blocked hypothermia but caused no significant effect on the febrile response to the immune stimulus, bacterial LPS in rats. This was associated with a reduction in the LPS-induced plasma cytokine, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, but not IL-6. Both IL-6-stimulated STAT-3 and LPS-induced cycoloxygenase-2 expression in the hypothalamus were not affected by o-RES. These data strongly suggest that the o-RES-induced dampening of neuroimmune responses is largely due to its inhibitory effect on TNF-alpha production. In contrast to in vitro experiments, o-RES has no direct effect on NF-kappaB signaling pathway in vivo. The specific inhibitory effect of o-RES on TNF-alpha opens new avenues for the clinical use of o-RES in pathological conditions where excessive production of TNF-alpha is deleterious.

Highly reliable O-ring packaging concept for MEMS pressure sensors

We present a highly reliable packaging concept for piezoresistive differential pressure sensors. The use of O-ring clamping as a hermetic sealing on coated MEMS pressure sensors provides a very powerful packaging concept applicable in various environments including wet aggressive media. Even relatively large misalignments of die and O-rings only induces an additional output offset less than 0.3% of maximum output. Furthermore, only an offset change less than 0.4% of maximum output in the applied range of O-ring compression forces. In addition, the sensor output shows a small linear dependency on absolute media pressure with a contribution less than 1.5% of maximum output. In conclusion, O-ring clamping is found to be a long-term reliable packaging concept. Many of the experimental findings are supported by 3D FE-simulations.

Highly reliable O-ring packaging concept for MEMS pressure sensors

We present a highly reliable packaging concept for piezoresistive differential pressure sensors. The use of O-ring clamping as a hermetic sealing on coated MEMS pressure sensors provides a very powerful packaging concept applicable in various environments including wet aggressive media. Even relatively large misalignments of die and O-rings only induces an additional output offset less than 0.3% of maximum output. Furthermore, only an offset change less than 0.4% of maximum output in the applied range of O-ring compression forces. In addition, the sensor output shows a small linear dependency on absolute media pressure with a contribution less than 1.5% of maximum output. In conclusion, O-ring clamping is found to be a long-term reliable packaging concept. Many of the experimental findings are supported by 3D FE-simulations.