Use Of Non-traditional Materials Research Articles

Models of residential space for ethnic minorities in Thanh Hoa Province associated with sustainable livelihoods

Thanh Hoa Province has 11 mountainous districts with seven ethnic minority groups, and the three largest ethnic groups are the Muong, Thai, and H'Mong. This region has great potential for developing a forest-based economy, ecotourism, community-based tourism, and cultural heritage tourism that is associated with cultural festivals, customs, lifestyles, and traditional housing architecture. However, developing a family-based economy, such as engaging in community-based tourism or agricultural production, has negatively affected and disrupted the structure of village spaces, spatial planning, and traditional house design. The arbitrary construction of additional service spaces and spaces for resident guests within the village space and the precinct of a house has reduced the area of the garden and agricultural land. The self-initiated modification, expansion, and use of non-traditional materials in traditional housing structures by residents to serve tourists have resulted in the loss of the architectural value of traditional homes. The exploitation of agricultural land has affected the natural forest area, the forest protection area at the headwaters, and the vegetation cover and natural ecosystems. Moreover, agricultural economic activities have not been linked to service activities, handicraft production, or tourism, and there are no adaptive residential space models, thus failing to create sustainable livelihood activities. Therefore, the article proposes settlement space models and orientations for residential space development including village spaces, house precincts, and traditional housing spaces of ethnic minorities in Thanh Hoa Province, associated with sustainable livelihoods based on the exploitation of traditional housing architectural heritage values to ensure local economic development. These models are closely linked with the conservation and promotion of ethnic cultural values, landscape preservation, environmental protection, and contribution to poverty reduction for residents.

CHECK UP: A student-designed model for creating innovative patient education materials that your patients will actually use.

As appointments become more rushed, it is crucial that primary care clinicians consider new and effective ways to provide preventive health education to patients. Currently, patient education is often handouts printed from the electronic medical record system; however, these pieces of paper often do not have the desired impact. Well-established advertising methods reveal that repeated exposure is key in recall and swaying consumer decisions. The Creating Health Education for Constructive Knowledge in Underserved Populations (CHECK UP) Program is a medical student-led program that aims to improve patient recall of health information, health promoting behaviors and health outcomes by applying modified advertising concepts to the delivery of health education. Patients were given large magnets containing health education information. These patients were interviewed 3-4 months afterwards to assess use and effectiveness of magnets as a means to provide health education. In total, 25 of the 28 patients given CHECK UP magnets agreed to participate. The majority of participants (23/25) kept the magnets and reported that they, as well as others in their households, see the magnets daily. All 23 participants recalled at least 1 health tip from 1 of the magnets. The use of non-traditional materials for patient education allowed for repeated exposure and recall of health information. Consideration for modified use of evidence-based advertising and marketing strategies for the delivery of patient education may be an easy and effective way to provide information to patients outside of the clinical setting and promote health behavioral changes.

Visual Aids, Which Are Used In The Educational Process In The Use Of Didactic Games

In this article, it is emphasized that the education of mature, educated young people in all respects, the dependence of the level of knowledge and skills given to the students, the use of non-traditional materials in the lessons will have a positive effect on the course transition.

Conceptual Basis of Art Jewelry Development in Europe in the 1960-1980s.

The purpose of the article deals with the analysis of art jewelry formation in Europe, in particular the UK, the Netherlands, and Germany in the 1960-1980s. The representatives of these countries had their own traits and character, due to the specificity of the cultural environment. The methodology is based on a combination of historical and systemic approaches that have become an integral set of all the selected methods, as well as the methods of comparative, system-comparative, and art criticism analyses. The scientific novelty of the study is in the highlighting of the peculiarity of jewelry evolution in Europe in the 1960-1980s, which is associated with the emergence of new conceptual foundations of creation: the use of different materials - from expensive to alternative, new aesthetic and conceptual forms, which is considered as an independent artistic phenomenon for the first time. Conclusions. The deviation of adornments from classic jewelry and the establishment of their independent aesthetic role in the system of applied art is accompanied by an active creative experiment in the countries of Europe from the 1960s to the early 1980s. From then on, main conceptual foundations are being formed: the change of art jewelry interpretation paradigm as the work of art on the verge of decorative and visual arts; experiments with art jewelry in the practical and theoretical context; the use of non-traditional materials.

Luis Jiménez's Mustang

Luis Jiménez's Mustang (2008), located at Denver International Airport, was intended to be a welcoming figure as Colorado residents and visitors entered and exited the gateway to the US West. However, this particular work, along with several of Jiménez's earlier public sculptures, prompted public rancor, controversy, and protest. Jiménez is one of the most well-known Chicano public sculptors; however, little scholarly research has been conducted to examine the way in which his work functions in and is received by visitors in the public realm. Applying Harriet F. Senie's methodology of conducting visitor response interviews to examine Jiménez's public sculptures aids in an understanding of why the gap between the artist's intention and the visitor's understanding is so pervasive. Mustang subverts traditional monuments and notions of equestrian statuary in its use of nontraditional materials and subject matter. Many visitors sense the intentionally critical and historical revisionist lens through which Jiménez created his work and therefore feel daunted by it culturally, aesthetically, and spatially. This complex reaction highlights what aspects of US culture are embraced in the public sphere and which elements have received conflicted reactions due to their subject, and the representation of ethnicity in public space. In addition, the site of Jiménez's work forms a crucial part of the content; therefore, the negotiation of space, in which Mustang and some of Jiménez's other sculptures are displayed, informs the debates around installing a work in the public sphere.RESUMEN Luis Jimenéz's Mustang (2008) located at Denver International Airport was intended to be a welcoming figure as Colorado residents and visitors entered and exited the gateway to the American West. However, this particular work along with several of Jiménez's earlier public sculptures, prompted public rancor, controversy, and protest. Jiménez is one of the most well-known Chicano public sculptors; however, little scholarly research has been conducted to examine the way in which his work functions in and is received by visitors in the public realm. Applying Harriet F. Senie's methodology of conducting visitor response interviews to examine Jiménez's public sculptures aids in an understanding on why the gap between the artist's intention and the visitor's understanding is so pervasive. Mustang subverts traditional monuments and notions of equestrian statuary in its use of non-traditional materials and subject matter. Many visitors sense the intentionally critical and historical revisionist lens through which Jiménez created his work and therefore feel daunted by it culturally, aesthetically, and spatially. This complex reaction highlights what aspects of U.S. culture is embraced in the public sphere and which elements have received conflicted reactions due to their subject, and the representation of ethnicity in public space. In addition, the site of Jiménez's work forms a crucial part of the content; therefore, the negotiation of space, in which Mustang and some of Jiménez's other sculptures are displayed informs the debates around installing a work in the public sphere.RESUMO Mustang (2008) de Luis Jimenéz, localizado no Denver International Airport, foi concebido como uma figura acolhedora para os residentes do Colorado e visitantes que passavam pela porta de entrada para o oeste americano. Entretanto, essa obra em particular, juntamente com várias das primeiras esculturas públicas de Jiménez, provocou rancor público, controvérsia e protestos. Jiménez é um dos escultores públicos chicanos mais conhecidos; no entanto, pouca pesquisa acadêmica foi conduzida para examinar a maneira pela qual seu trabalho funciona e é recebido pelos visitantes na esfera pública. A aplicação da metodologia de Harriet F. Senie de conduzir entrevistas com visitantes para examinar as esculturas públicas de Jiménez ajuda a entender por que a lacuna entre a intenção do artista e a compreensão do visitante é tão generalizada. Mustang subverte monumentos tradicionais e noções de estatuária equestre em seu uso de materiais e temáticas não-tradicionais. Muitos visitantes percebem a lente intencionalmente revisionista crítica e historicamente através da qual Jimenéz criou seu trabalho e, assim, se sentem intimidados culturalmente, esteticamente e espacialmente. Essa complexa reação destaca quais aspectos da cultura norte-americana são adotados na esfera pública e quais elementos receberam reações conflitantes devido a sua temática, e a representação da etnia no espaço público. Ademais, o local onde se situa a obra de Jimenéz é parte crucial de seu conteúdo; portanto, a negociação do espaço, no qual Mustang e algumas das esculturas de Jimenéz são exibidas, informa o debate em torno da instalação de uma obra na esfera pública.

Main Results of the Questionnaire for Portuguese Entities Potential Users of Construction and Demolition Recycled Materials (C&DRM)

Within the framework of the activities of the working group GT1 of the Portuguese Commission on Transportation Geotechnics – Promote the use of non-traditional materials in embankments and structural layers – a questionnaire addressed to potential national entities as construction and demolition recycled materials, C&DRM, producers/users was designed. The main objective was to collect information about the various types of C&DRM produced/used, its main characteristics and respective fields of application, in particular for civil engineering works and transport infrastructures.The answers to the survey provide insight into the national distribution of different types of C&DRM and respective applications both in terms of type and in terms of amount of material applied and in the near future could be used to elaborate a map of recycled aggregates in Portugal.

Differences in housing, lodges, language, kinship and perception of tourism in Bribri communities with varying levels of geographic isolation (Talamanca, Costa Rica)

Tourism is an economic, social and cultural activity that exerts positive and negative influences on communities and ecosystems where it is implemented. Tourism is occurring in the Talamanca valley communities of Yorkín, Bambú and Shiroles (Costa Rica), where there is developing infrastructure and high tourist demand. Our aim was to analyze the environmental and socio- cultural influence of tourist lodges and homes in Talamanca Bribri territory. We visited ten communities in Bratsi and Telire, six with lodges and four without lodges. We interviewed those responsible for the tourist lodges and heads of households in communities with or without lodges. A conical type of construction dominates the tourist lodges, while wooden houses on stilts dominate communities without tourism. In communities with tourist lodges, there is significant, predominant use of non-traditional raw materials in the construction of stilts, walls and doors. In geographically-isolated communities traditional materials dominate, compared to the use of non-traditional materials in communities with greater connectivity. In communities with lodges, the breed- ing of domestic animals for meat consumption is a stronger tradition. In geographically-isolated communities, the native language and the kinship system is preserved. In the territory 21 clans according to the matrilineal kinship system were identified. There are no differences in the perception of the impact of tourism on communities. In communities with lodges or without them, the same socio-cultural practices are mentioned.

Arthur Boyd’s painting materials in the 1940s: a case study of works from the Heide Museum of Modern Art Collection

Recent conservation treatment of Arthur Boyd’s paintings from the Heide Museum of Modern Art collection has raised questions about his studio practice and material preferences. Four paintings on muslin board from Boyd’s 1943–44 ‘South Melbourne’ series appear to use unconventional materials, which may highlight the practical realities of wartime shortages of artist paints and the alternative use of proprietary materials. The conservation treatments of Boyd’s paintings initiated scientific investigations using Fourier Transform Infrared and Scanning Electron Microscopy, which is assessed in the context of Boyd’s archival documents and personal correspondence. This paper presents new findings on Boyd’s material choices and his intentions early in his career. Evidence suggests that Boyd used an oleoresinous varnish and experimented with new organic colourants. The use of non-traditional materials has consequently resulted in the Heide paintings exhibiting unusual ageing characteristics and by necessity, their conservation treatment. This highlights future preservation problems for 20th century Australian works of art.

The work of ISSMGE TC3 (Geotechnics of pavements) and how it links to earthworks

AbstractThe main goal of Technical Committee TC3 ‘Geotechnics of Pavements’ of the International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering (ISSMGE) is to promote co-operation and exchange of information and knowledge about the geotechnical aspects in design, construction, maintenance and monitoring of pavements in transportation infrastructure (roads, railways, airports). Some of these aspects cover: earth structures in pavement and railway construction, compiling and homogenizing earthwork specifications, standardization of the continuous compaction control and promotion of the use of non-traditional by-products and recycled materials. This paper covers these main aspects and highlights the use of non-traditional materials in transportation earthworks.

Model construction by students within an integrated medical curriculum

This paper presents our experience of running a special study module (SSM) in the second semester of the first year of our 5-year medical programme, worth 10 per cent of that semester's assessment, in which each student constructs an individually selected model illustrating a specific aspect of the teaching course. Each student conceptualises and develops his or her model, to clarify a specific aspect of medical teaching. The use of non-traditional materials in construction is strongly encouraged. Six weeks later, each student presents their model for assessment by four first-year academic teaching staff. The student is quizzed about the concepts that he or she presents, the mode of construction and the materials used. The students' projects broadly cover the disciplines of physiology, biochemistry and anatomy, but are somewhat biased towards anatomy. Students spend on average about 14 hours planning and building their models, at a time when they are busy with other teaching activities. The marks awarded for the projects closely follow a normal distribution. A survey suggests that most students enjoy the exercise and feel that it has enhanced their learning and understanding. It is clear from the wide variety of different topics, models and materials that students are highly resourceful in their modelling. Creative activity does not generally play a substantial part in medical education, but is of considerable importance. The development of their models stimulates, informs and educates the constructors, and provides a teaching resource for later use in didactic teaching.

The use of nontraditional materials in the recovery of heavy metal ions by hydrometallurgical methods

A series of materials possessing extractive, sorption, reducing, and coagulating properties (and sometimes combining them simultaneously) is investigated. The optimal conditions for carrying out the processes of both the joint and selective recovery of metal ions are found. Mechanisms of these processes with the use of selected materials are determined.

Escultura social: a new generation of art from Mexico City

Mexico City has emerged as a thriving centre of contemporary art. Escultura Social features recent work by a group of artists whose influence has already extended far beyond Mexico and focuses on how they have contributed to an international dialogue through their use of nontraditional materials, new media and critical perspectives. This book takes Joseph Beuys' idea of 'social sculpture', or escultura social, as a multivalent reference point for understanding how these socially engaged works draw connections between people and nature and promote a demystified and democratic concept of art-making. Featuring the work of nineteen artists, this bilingual volume includes several artists' writings by pioneers of artist-run exhibition spaces: Stefan Bruggemann, Abraham Cruzvillegas, Yoshua Okon and Pedro Reyes. Critical essays on the contemporary Mexican scene and relevance of Beuys' ideas are accompanied by illustrated texts on each artist in this unique and important book.

Ceramic pigments based on natural minerals

The results of studying the use of nontraditional materials in the production of ceramic pigments are summarized. It is noted that the use of natural materials, namely, calcium-magnesium silicates, opens vast opportunities, since they can act as main or transitional crystalline structures. New methods of synthesis of pigments are discussed.

Utilization of Industrial Wastes in Low-Volume Roads

In recent years, applications of marginal materials, also called nontraditional (either natural or waste products), have been considered in road construction with great interest in many industrialized and developing countries. The use of nontraditional materials in road making is based on technical, economic, and ecological criteria. The lack of traditional road materials and the protection of the environment make it imperative to investigate marginal materials carefully. India has a large network of steel plants located in different parts of the country and many more are planned for the near future. Several million metric tons of iron and steel are produced in these plants. However, along with production of iron and steel, huge quantities of solid wastes like blast furnace slag and steel slag as well as other wastes such as flue dust, blast furnace sludge, and refractories are also being produced in these plants. The iron ores in India, although rich in iron content, are high in alumina content also and as such the volume of slag generated is very high. Normally production of 1 metric ton (1 Mg) of steel generates 1 Mg of solid waste. Although the steel industry slags have their own unique properties and are exploitable for road works, they have never been put to use on Indian roads because of a lack of scientific studies conducted on these materials, nonavailability of proper design and construction standards on them, and the absence of data about the long-term behavior of these materials. In the absence other outlets, these solid wastes have occupied several acres of land around plants throughout the country. Keeping in mind the need for bulk use of these solid wastes in India, it was thought expedient to test these materials and to develop specifications to enhance the use of slags in road making, in which higher economic returns may be possible. Exhaustive and detailed laboratory investigations have been carried out at the Central Road Research Institute, New Delhi, India, to develop suitable specifications for construction of low-volume roads. Based on laboratory investigation results, specifications were developed for construction of low-volume roads in different parts of the country. While specifications were being formulated, attempts were made to maximize use of solid wastes in different layers of the road pavement. Postconstruction pavement performance studies have clearly indicated that these waste materials can be used for construction of low-volume roads with twofold benefits: ( a) it will help clear valuable land of huge dumps of slags, and ( b) it will also help preserve the natural reserves of aggregates, thus protecting the environment.