Use Of Nanosilica Research Articles

Assessing the Durability, Mechanical, and Microstructural Properties of Nanosilica-enhanced Coconut Shell Concrete: A Sustainable Approach

This study explores the properties of concrete as a sustainable substitute for cement through the use of nanosilica in an eco-friendly aggregate system. Daily life generates a larger amount of coconut shell waste from the tropical zone. In India, the yearly deposition of coconut shell is about 80,000 tonnes, which is 6.7% of total agricultural waste. Crushing gravel production emits CO2, which is an environmental concern. Simultaneously, to diminish waste disposal of coconut shell can be effectively utilised as coarse aggregate in lightweight concrete. The conventional concrete (CC) was fully replaced by coconut shell coarse aggregate and crushed gravel sand (Msand) as fine aggregate in plain Portland cement. Nanosilica replaces cement in the conventional blend at 0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4%. This study describes the concrete's hardened properties, such as compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, and flexural strength. Among all the mechanical performances, the N2 blend is significant. The N2 mix exhibits a trend that aligns with the correlation between compressive strength and splitting tensile strength. The transport durability performance related to capillary wick action of the optimum blend (N2 mix) has 0.018 mm/min0.5. The pore filler mechanism and pozzolanicity of 2% NS is more synergic than other combinations. The N2 mix in H2SO4 environment has less mass and strength loss. The N2 blend's morphology is robust relative to the CC mix because of the secondary C-S-H gel and homogeneous, smooth hydrated grain. As a result, the report concludes that using coconut shell as an aggregate in concrete can reduce waste disposal in landfills, while using nanosilica in place of cement can reduce CO2 emissions.

Use of Nano-Silica as a Supplementary Cementitious Material in Recycled Aggregate Concrete: Hydration Characteristics, Mechanical Properties and Microstructure Assessment

Use of Nano-Silica as a Supplementary Cementitious Material in Recycled Aggregate Concrete: Hydration Characteristics, Mechanical Properties and Microstructure Assessment

Contrastive study on mechanical and microstructure properties of silt improved by nano material stabilizers

Silt is generally stabilized with industrial waste for subgrade filler material. However, problems such as high cost, poor water stability, and easy shrinkage hinder the use of industrial waste-stabilizing materials. Experiments are conducted to compare the effect of nano-silica (NS) and nano-MgO (NM) on the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of silt. It is undertaken by stabilized silt with NM and NS in four different concentration grades of NM(S)-3, NM(S)-4, NM(S)-5, NM(S)-6 ( 0.3%, 0.4%, 0.5%, 0.6% by weight of silt). XRD, FT-IR, and SEM tests are carried out to discern the latent mechanisms so that the mineral composition and pore structure within the soil matrix can be explained. The results demonstrate that the increase in different grades of nano-MgO and nano-silica stabilized silt plays an important role in improving the mechanical properties of the silt. Nano-silica is more conducive to strength and water resistance enhancement due to the formation of ettringite and C-S-H gel. Nevertheless, a small amount of nano-MgO can better improve the water stability of stabilized silt in the early stage. Optimal results are obtained for silt treated with NS-5 (2% cement, 2% GGBS, 1% FA, 0.5% nano-silica) and NM-5 (2% cement, 2% GGBS, 1% FA, 0.5% nano-MgO). XRD, FT-IR, and SEM analysis of the samples show, respectively, that the amorphous (C-S-H) structure and the soil particles embedded in the cementitious matrix comprise the strength of the silt. Nano-MgO is mainly involved in carbonation and pozzolanic reactions. The cement hydration reaction and ettringite formation, which unite smaller particles to produce larger particles, are enhanced by the addition of SiO2. In summary, this paper recommends the use of nano-MgO to improve the early strength of stabilized silt, and the use of nano-silica to improve the long-term strength.

Investigation of Microstructural Properties of Nano-modified Concrete for Sustainable Environment

The creation and evaluation of Nano-modified concrete, with an emphasis on its microstructural characteristics, is the main goal of this extensive study. The inclusion of nanosilica and nanoclay not only enhances the characteristics of concrete but also contributes to mitigating soil pollution. By adding nanosilica and nanoclay as additional cementitious materials, the study intends to assess the structural integrity of nano-modified concrete using cutting-edge techniques like Scanning electron microscopy, Transition electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Four different concrete compositions with variable amounts of nanosilica and nanoclay additions (0%, 5%, 10% and 15% of nano additives by weight of fine aggregate) and a 3% cement replacement rate were cast and evaluated throughout the experimental phase. A comparison with regular concrete revealed significant improvements in microstructures, demonstrating the efficacy of nano-modified concrete without sacrificing necessary characteristics. Slump values increased with the addition of nano-silica and nanoclay, indicating better workability and smoother concrete surfaces. The study's findings indicate that the development of Nano-modified concrete has great potential as an advanced building material. In addition to providing instant structural gains, the use of nanosilica and nanoclay enhances the long-term performance of concrete buildings and creates new opportunities for creative and long-lasting building techniques.

The Effect of Silica Nanoparticles Addition on Removal of Glyphosate Residue from Aqueous Solutions

Al-Tharwani, W.S., M.T. Mohammadali and I.M. Abd al-Ridha. 2024. The Effect of Silica Nanoparticles Addition on Removal of Glyphosate Residue from Aqueous Solutions. Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 42(2): 255-259. https://doi.org/10.22268/AJPP-001231 The aim of this study was to evaluate herbicide Tiller 48% SL (Glyphosate) residues in aqueous water by using silica nanoparticles as adsorption agent to remove glyphosate from aqueous solutions. Results obtained showed that when three concentrations of 10, 15 and 20 ml/L water were used, glyphosate concentration determined immediately after treatment was 3520, 5600 and 7955 mg/L, respectively. The concentration of the herbicide decreased with time and reached 1203 mg/L on the tenth day after treatment. No residues were detected by HPLC 21 days after treatment. The results of the study of the use of Nano-silica as an agent for the removal of glyphosate in aqueous solutions showed that the concentration 200 mg/L nano-silica achieved the highest rate of herbicide removal of 89.37%, outperforming the other two concentrations of 100 and 150 mg/L, which achieved 63.45 and 82.87% removal, respectively. Keywords: Glyphosate, residues, silica nanoparticles, adsorptio

Physicomechanical Properties of Resin-Based Pit and Fissure Sealants Reinforced with Rice Husk Derived Nano Silica and Nanohydroxyapatite

Resin-based pit fissure sealants (RBS) are used to prevent occlusal caries in children. The success of RBS in preventing dental caries is largely influenced by its retention on the tooth surface, which is also affected by its physicomechanical properties. The physicomechanical properties of RBS can be enhanced through the addition of fillers. With the advent of nanofillers, the physicomechanical properties were improved without altering RBS flowability. The present study developed an RBS with a 70 wt% resin matrix and 30 wt% nanofillers. The resin matrix consisted of urethane dimethacrylate (55 wt%), triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (45 wt%), camphoroquinone (0.3 wt%), and 2-(dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate (0.7 wt%). Silane-treated rice husk-derived nanosilica (20 wt%) and nanohydroxyapatite (10 wt%) were added as fillers. Clinpro, Fissurit FX, and an unfilled sealant were controls. All RBS were tested for surface roughness, Vickers hardness, flexural strength, and flowability. Statistical analysis with oneway ANOVA revealed significant differences between groups in surface roughness, hardness, flowability (p < 0.001), flexural strength, and flexural modulus (p < 0.05). Experimental sealants had higher flexural strength (78 MPa) and flow distance (29.05+1.16 mm) than commercial controls. However, the surface roughness of experimental sealants (0.25+0.08 µm) was higher than Clinpro (0.087+0.027 µm) but lesser than Fissurit FX (0.35+0.19 µm). The Vickers hardness of experimental sealants (23+1.63 VHN) was less than Fissurit FX (28.80+1.69 VHN) but higher than Clinpro (21.74+1.68 VHN). This novel RBS had physicomechanical properties comparable to commercial sealants. The use of nanosilica from rice husk makes this pit and fissure sealer sustainable and environmentally friendly in dentistry.

Use of nano-silica to improve the performance of LC3-UHPC: Mechanical behavior and microstructural characteristics

Ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) made of limestone calcined clay cement (LC3) exhibits excellent mechanical properties as well as good environmental friendliness. This paper studied the improving effect of nano-SiO2 on the mechanical properties and microstructure of LC3-UHPC. The experimental results show that the addition of nano-SiO2 demonstrates obvious advantages. The mechanical properties of LC3-UHPC are enhanced, and the frictional bond performance between steel fiber and cementitious matrix is also improved. The fiber/matrix bond strength is increased. A constitutive model describing the single fiber pullout behavior is established, and the values of related parameters are suggested. Besides, nano-SiO2 also refined the cementitious microstructure of UHPC and made the matrix denser. Based on the comprehensive analysis of mechanical properties and microstructural characteristics, the optimal content of LC3 and nano-SiO2 were proposed.

Synergistic use of nano-silica to enhance the characterization of ambient-cured geopolymer concrete

Synergistic use of nano-silica to enhance the characterization of ambient-cured geopolymer concrete

Investigating the influence of nano-silica incorporation on mechanical characteristics of steel fiber-reinforced concrete to mitigate solid waste and environmental contamination

ABSTRACT Using nano-silica and steel micro-fibers in high-strength concrete has gained attention due to their potential to reduce solid waste and environmental pollution. In this study, the impact of nano-silica inclusions on the mechanical properties of steel fiber-reinforced concrete, referred to as “Micro-Concrete Reinforced with Steel Fibers Embedding Nano-Silica” (MRSFEN), was assessed. MRSFEN mixtures were prepared with 0%, 1%, and 2% nano-silica content and 0.5%, 1%, 2%, and 3% steel micro-fiber content. Tests showed a 17%-32% increase in compressive strength and a 12%-29% increase in tensile strength by adding 1%-2% nano-silica across all fiber contents. Incorporating 1%-3% steel micro-fibers resulted in 18–25 MPa higher compressive strength, 6–12 MPa higher tensile strength, and 10%-35% higher flexural strength relative to non-fiber concrete. However, workability reduced by 15%-30% with 3% fiber content. The combined use of nano-silica and steel micro-fibers enhanced strength and ductility, with the optimum composition identified as 1% nano-silica with 2% steel micro-fibers based on the mechanical performance. The results indicate the potential of tailored MRSFEN mixtures to improve the mechanical properties of steel fiber-reinforced concrete, with benefits in reducing solid waste and mitigating environmental contamination.

Comparative Analysis of the Use of Nanosilica and Fly Ash in Hydraulic Concrete

Context: Nowadays, nanomaterials constitute an innovative alternative for the construction sector. This study evaluates the benefits of adding nanosilica and fly ash to Portland cement concrete in terms of its mechanical strength properties. Methodology: 45 specimens were used to compare the compressive strength and durability of concrete mixtures with nanosilica and fly ash. The specimens were studied after 7, 14, and 21 days to determine their maximum resistance. Results: The addition of small amounts of nanosilica (up to 1%) significantly improved the compressive strength of the concrete. In contrast, a large amount of fly ash (up to 8%) was required for a noticeable effect. Conclusions: Concrete with nanosilica yielded the best results in terms of mechanical strength. The key to improving concrete through nanosilica and fly ash is to reduce the water-to-cement ratio using chemical agents that reduce porosity and increase resistance.

Inhibition effect of nano-silica synergistic corrosion inhibitor on 110SSsteel in ultra-high temperature organic acidic environment

ABSTRACT Compared to hydrochloric acid, organic acids can reduce the acid rock reaction rate in high-temperature reservoir acidification. Although corrosion inhibitors can reduce the corrosion of acid on the pipe string, the ultra-high temperature makes the effectiveness of corrosion inhibitors unsatisfactory. We found that the use of nano-silica can improve the effectiveness of corrosion inhibitors in organic acid systems. Some interesting findings are as follows. Firstly, the ultra-high temperature made the adsorption film of LD-H uneven or incomplete. Next, the high-temperature corrosion inhibition ability of corrosion inhibitors was enhanced by adding nano-silica to organic acids, with a corrosion inhibition rate of up to 99%. Furthermore, the addition of nano-silica made the adsorption membrane of LD-H more complete or uniform, which more effectively inhibited corrosion reactions. By enhancing the adsorption capacity of corrosion inhibitors and filling adsorption membranes, nano-silica enhanced the corrosion inhibition effect of LD-H in organic acid systems.

Applicational properties of reinforced plywood with nanomaterials and kenaf fiber

Kenaf fibers were added as a reinforcement between wood veneers of poplar (Populus deltoides) bonded with urea–formaldehyde (UF) resin to improve the applicational properties of standard three-layered plywood. Additionally, the influence of two different nanomaterials (nanocellulose and nanosilica)-modified UF resins on the performance of plywood was evaluated. Then, thickness swelling (TS), water absorption (WA), shear strength, and flexural properties were examined. Results indicated that reinforced composites with kenaf fibers improved the modulus of rupture (MOR) and modulus of elasticity (MOE) in both directions. In addition, physical properties, such as TS and WA after 24 h, improved in the reinforced plywood with kenaf and use of nanosilica (KNS) as a filler. The results of the mechanical properties were better than blanks. The treated adhesive, with nanocellulose and nanosilica revealed similar mechanical behaviors. The shear strength of plywood in KNC specimens showed the best result (increased 64.6% compared to blank) and MOR for both the parallel and perpendicular directions to the grain of the surface layers for KNS (105% and 158%, respectively), and MOE for KNS (92.9% and 152%, respectively) compared to the blank.

Experimental Study on Partial Replacement of Cement with Nano Silica

Cement is a building material made by grinding calcined limestone and clay to a fine powder, which can be mixed with water and poured to set as a solid mass. However it is expected that the use of Nano-silica in concrete improve the strength properties of concrete. Nano silica is used in concrete to enhance its properties such as compressive strength and tensile strength. When added to concrete, nano silica particles react with the calcium hydroxide to form additional calcium silicate hydrate, which helps to improve the concrete's strength. This can result in concrete with improved resistance to cracking and corrosion, and with a longer service life.An experimental objective has been carried out by replacing the cement with Nano silica by 0%, 0.5%,1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0%, 2.5% for M30 grade of concrete. The test conducted on it shows a considerable increase in early-age compressive strength and a Split Tensile strength of concrete on 7th day, 14th day and 28th day of curing. The final outcome of the project will have an overall beneficial effect on the utility of Nano-silica concrete in the field of civil engineering construction work.

Application of nano-silica in offshore oil wells cementation

The oil and gas market is worth billions of dollars annually. Costs increase throughout the drilling process, from initial exploration through improved oil recovery and production (EOR). Exploration, drilling, cementation, production, enhanced oil recovery (EOR), and other areas of the oil and gas industry stand to benefit greatly from nanotechnology. Nanotechnology may help alleviate some issues with cement slurry. Nano-silica is an excellent alternative to commonly used additives like calcium. Since the quantity of nano-silica needed varies from that of Calcium, chloride and silica are employed instead. Both chloride and silica have very little differences. Nano-silica can be used for a variety of purposes. Cement slurry with nano-silica added has a shorter thickening time, higher compressive strength, lower porosity and permeability, and less fluid loss. Maximum cementation and well integrity can be achieved with nano-silica. Nano-silica shortens the WOC time, which in turn lowers the total capital expenditures. For extremely deep offshore wells, nano-silica is a must-have. Many people have been thinking about using nanotechnology in the oil industry recently. Strength, microstructure, and durability are just some of the cement properties that have been shown to improve when nanoparticles are included into the matrix. To achieve the goals of this study, we review the literature on the application of nanotechnology in the petroleum industry, focusing on the use of nano-silica in cementing oil wells. The effects of silica nanoparticles on the properties of both uncured and cured cement are investigated and reported. The use of nano-silica into cement improved its performance, the study found, by ensuring proper zonal isolation and lengthening well life.

Influence of silicon-dioxide nanoparticles in cementitious mortars: verification using x-ray diffraction, thermal analysis, physical, and mechanical tests

In recent years, nanotechnology has been applied to building materials, such as cementitious composites (e.g., mortar and concrete), to improve their properties. The aim of this study was to analyze the thermal, physical, and mechanical properties of mortars with and without silicon-dioxide (SiO2) nanoparticles. Experiments such as thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), x-ray diffraction (XRD), fresh density, incorporated-air content, bulk density, capillary absorption, capillarity coefficient, flexural tensile strength, and compressive strength on prismatic specimens were performed on mortars and analyzed for different levels of nanosilica (nS). These levels were 1% and 3%, in addition to the reference mortar (0% nS). The TG-DTA curves showed an elevated content of chemically combined water and a lower content of calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) in the 3% nS compositions, while the XRD curves presented a lower content of calcite and portlandite in the same mortar. These results indicate the fixation capacity of lime for the formation of calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H), which is the primary cause of resistance in cementitious mortars. In addition, it was found that the use of nanosilica contributed to a fresh density increase of approximately 15%, which caused a minimum air-incorporated content decrease of 37% and a minimum bulk density increase of 10%. Higher densities resulted in a minimum water absorption reduction of 36%, owing to fewer pores in the mortars. Therefore, the capillarity coefficient decreased by a minimum of 41%. These nanoparticles also improved the minimum flexural tensile and compressive strengths by 88% and 158%, respectively, when using a 3% nS composition. These results can enable the use of lightweight aggregates in cementitious composites, improving their physical and mechanical characteristics and allowing greater reuse of these materials, including construction waste.

Mechanical properties and durability of ternary blended cement paste containing rice husk ash and nano silica

Many researchers are using Rice husk ash (RHA) as pozzolanic admixture. Pozzolanic admixture is an amorphous aluminosilicate materials, which may not be naturally cementitious, but react with calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) and water to form cementitious compounds. Further, many researchers also found that the use of Nano silica (NS) in Portland cement (PC) enhances the mechanical properties as well as durability. The present study reports on the addition of RHA and NS into PC, aiming to assess the influence of the RHA and NS on the strength and durability properties of mixture. The pastes were prepared to perform compressive strength test, Flexural strength test, Ultra Pulse Velocity (UPV) test, Water absorption test, Acid attack test and XRD analysis. Compressive strength results showed a substantial improvement in samples containing NS. The highest compressive strength and flexural strength are found in the PC-based mixture containing RHA (10%) and NS (3%) after 28 days of hydration. PC-based mixture containing RHA (10%) and NS (3%) shows reduction of water absorption and mass loss under acid attack at 28 days. It is also seen that a combination of 10% RHA and 3% NS in paste led to a positive contribution to durability properties. Synergistic effect can be seen in mixtures incorporating RHA (10%) and NS (3%). Therefore, it supports the use in fabrication of cementitious materials.

Modifikasi Cationic Starch dengan Nanosilika sebagai Retention and Drainage Agent Pada Pembuatan Kertas Liner Medium

Nanotechnology has attracted the interest of many scientists because the changes in physical properties occurred at the size of 1-100 nm in the form of vast surface area, high mechanical strength, and high porosity. Silica is an element with high uses in various fields such as biotechnology. Silica nanoparticles are silica made on a nanoscale whose use is increasing. Nanosilica is widely used in the industry as a retention and drainage aid, usually associated with cationic polyelectrolytes such as cationic starch. The use of nanosilica in the paper-making process aims to improve the dewatering process and the retention of fine particles such as fines. Retention is one of the important parameters at the wet-end stage because it affects the ability of the additive to be retained on the fiber to the sewage treatment system. However, retention also has a negative impact on the dewatering rate and the physical properties of the paper produced, so that it is often neglected in the industry because it reduces runability in the paper-making system. This research was conducted to determine the effect of modifying cationic starch with nanosilica on retention, drainage rate, and paper properties. In this research, nanosilica was synthesized by using sol gel method, and the synthesis results indicate the presence of a nanosilica functional group and nanosilica at the size of 46-86 nm. In addition, modifying cationic starch with nanosilica with variations of 0.5% and 1% cationic starch and 0.5%, 1% and 1.5% nanosilica. The results obtained indicate that the optimum dose of nanosilica for each of the corresponding cationic starch dose, namely to increase retention and drainage for 0.5% cationic starch, the optimum use of nanosilica is 1% with a retention value of 90% and drainage value of 445 ml, for 1% cationic starch, the optimum use of nanosilica is 0.5% with a retention value of 89.8% with the optimum drainage value of 0% nanosilica and drainage value of 440 ml. In addition to wet-end testing, the sheet properties testing was also conducted to determine the effect of retention due to modification of cationic starch with nanosilica on the sheet physical properties. The test results indicate that the addition of nanosilica to the wet-end system has a positive impact on sheet properties.

LA-PA eutectic/ nano- SiO2 composite phase change material for thermal energy storage application in buildings

In this paper, a novel composite phase change material (PCM) was developed using the nano-silica (SiO2) in combination with the lauric acid (LA) and palmitic acid (PA) eutectic mixture for enhancing the thermal energy storing property in buildings. The structural features, morphology and the purity of the LA-PA eutectic and its composite were analyzed through the field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR) studies. Thermal energy storage property of the composite PCM was assessed from the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis and thermo-gravimetric (TGA) studies. DSC results confirmed that the melting range of eutectic was 36 °C with a high latent heat of 187 J/g which is more optimistic for the energy storage applications. Moreover, the thermal conductivity value of the composite PCM with 5% nano-silica was enhanced by 54.4% when compared to the LA-PA eutectic. Hence, the use of nano-silica loaded composite PCM in building materials could store considerable amount of heat energy and maintain the thermal comfort to a maximum extent.

Effect and optimization of incorporation of nano-SiO2 into cement-based materials – a review

Incorporation of nanomaterials into cement-based materials has great potentials to improve their performance to great levels and to produce construction materials with superior and unique properties. Various nanoparticles have been utilized in cementitious composites to improve their properties. This paper provides a detailed review about the effect of the most widely incorporated nanomaterial into cement-based materials, namely nano-silica, on different on properties of cement-based materials. The investigated properties are mechanical properties (compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength), durability parameters (permeability, freeze and thaw resistance, high temperature resistance, fire resistance and sulfate attack resistance) and microstructural properties of mortar and concrete. The cost effectiveness of use of nano-silica in cement-based materials is also discussed. The optimum replacement percentage of cement with this nanomaterial to improve the performance of mortar and concrete is also investigated. The investigation showed that nano-silica has the ability to enhance the mechanical properties, durability and microstructural properties of concrete and mortar to a remarkable level. It also showed that the optimum content of nano-silica in concrete and mortar is 1.0-4.0% by weight of binder materials.

Partially fly ash and nano-silica incorporated recycled coarse aggregate based concrete: Constitutive model and enhancement mechanism

The single use of nano-silica (NS) or fly ash (FA) can improve the strength of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC). However, the studies on NS-FA-modified RAC (NFRAC) are limited, and further research is required to understand the mechanical behaviors of NFRAC over different curing ages. In this study, to further improve the properties of RAC, these two supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) were utilized in RAC together: NFRAC. The workability as well as the compressive and split tensile properties were determined by an orthogonal test along with the effects of various factors, including curing age, recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) replacement rate, and SCM content on the performance of NFRAC. NFRAC was found to have adequate mechanical properties, both in the early and later curing ages. Based on NFRAC with 100% RCA replacement rate as the main research object, the strain ductility, energy consumption, and constitutive model were further explored. Scanning electron microscopy was performed to explore the modified mechanism owing to the incorporation of NS and FA. Both the SCMs can successfully accelerate the pozzolanic reaction, thereby improving the mechanical properties. In addition, NS can also fill the micropores in RCAs and react with the CH of mortar to form C–S–H gels, thereby improving the properties of ITZ. However, NS weakens the workability that can be compensated by incorporating spherical FA. Finally, 10% FA and 2% or 3% NS are recommended as SCMs for RAC.