Use Of Myoglobin Research Articles

Meat Authentication via Multiple Reaction Monitoring Mass Spectrometry of Myoglobin Peptides

A rapid multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mass spectrometric method for the detection and relative quantitation of the adulteration of meat with that of an undeclared species is presented. Our approach uses corresponding proteins from the different species under investigation and corresponding peptides from those proteins, or CPCP. Selected peptide markers can be used for species detection. The use of ratios of MRM transition peak areas for corresponding peptides is proposed for relative quantitation. The approach is introduced by use of myoglobin from four meats: beef, pork, horse and lamb. Focusing in the present work on species identification, by use of predictive tools, we determine peptide markers that allow the identification of all four meats and detection of one meat added to another at levels of 1% (w/w). Candidate corresponding peptide pairs to be used for the relative quantification of one meat added to another have been observed. Preliminary quantitation data presented here are encouraging.

THE VALUE OF ADMITTING PATIENTS FOLLOWING A POSITIVE MYOGLOBIN USING A RAPID POINT OF CARE TRIPLE CARDIAC PANEL TEST

Objectives & BackgroundAdmissions to the Emergency Department with chest pain constitute a significant proportion of the work-load. In England it represents 6% of all Emergency Department (ED) attendances. These attendances...

Use of Myoglobin as a Marker and Predictor in Myoglobinuric Acute Kidney Injury

Serum creatine kinase (CK) is routinely used as a marker in the assessment of rhabdomyolysis and acute myoglobinuric kidney injury (Mb-AKI), while the use of myoglobin is much less explored in this respect. We retrospectively analyzed the incidence of Mb-AKI (creatinine [Cr] > 200 μmol/L) and the need for hemodialysis (HD) in 484 patients (70.5% males) with suspected rhabdomyolysis, grouped according to peak serum myoglobin (A: 1-5 mg/L, B: 5-15 mg/L, C: >15 mg/L). The median peak myoglobin was 7163 μg/L. Both peak Cr and peak CK were significantly higher in group C. The incidence of Mb-AKI was 24.6% in group A, 38.6% in group B (P < 0.01 vs. group A), and significantly higher (64.9%) in group C (P < 0.001 vs. groups A and B). Fifty-one patients (10.5%) needed HD, the proportion increasing from 6.7% in group A, and 12.3% in group B (NS), to 28.1% in group C (P < 0.001 vs. group A, P 0.01 vs. group B), and reaching 36.8% with myoglobin >20 mg/L. Creatine kinase correlated with the severity of rhabdomyolysis, but less so with Mb-AKI. The peak Cr levels were not significantly different between patients divided by CK 60 μkat/L, or grouped into CK tertiles or quartiles. A significant proportion of patients with rhabdomyolysis experienced Mb-AKI, whose frequency increased in parallel with myoglobin levels. Myoglobin levels above 15 mg/L were most significantly related to the development of AKI and the need for HD. Blood myoglobin could serve as a valuable early predictor and marker of rhabdomyolysis and Mb-AKI.

Myoglobin: A promising exogenous reference marker using in proteomics analysis

In 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) analysis, quantification of protein expression difference is difficult because of the high variation of spot sizes among gels. Therefore, identification of a reference marker for data normalization is necessary. In this study, consistent spot size and high reproducibility of myoglobin in 2-DE gels were successfully achieved. The use of myoglobin not only improved quantification of protein expression differences in images from different samples of the same tissue, but also made the comparison of difference in protein expression among different tissues possible. Thus, myoglobin is promising as a reference marker for data normalization in proteomic analysis.

The electrocatalytic reduction of organohalides by myoglobin and hemoglobin in a biomembrane-like film and its application to the electrochemical detection of pollutants: new trends and discussion

In this study, we go into the examination and the discussion of the possible use of myoglobin (Mb) and hemoglobin (Hb) embedded in surfactant films of didodecyldimethylammonium bromide (DDAB) as potential materials for the effective electrochemical activation and detection of several organohalides (trichloroacetic acid (TCA), ethylene dibromide (EDB), tetrachloroethylene (PCE), trichloroethylene (TCE), dichloroacetic acid (DCA) etc.), in aqueous solution. Our descriptive results of the electrocatalytic behavior of DDAB/Mb and DDAB/Hb films constitute the first important step in the investigation of the evaluation of a strategy materializing the use of these heme-based enzymes for the detection of various significant organohalide derivatives. Limitations relative to the design of a suitable electrochemical sensor of organohalide pollutants are also discussed.

Standardizing utilization of biomarkers in diagnosis and management of acute cardiac syndromes

Publications on the development and use of myocardial markers have exploded in the decade of the 1990s. According to subscriptions to proficiency testing surveys, enzymatic measurement of creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes have largely been replaced by CK-MB mass immunoassays. Laboratories reporting use of myoglobin and cardiac troponin have increased tremendously over the past few years. In this field of medicine where there have been dramatic changes, development of consensus guidelines can be helpful to provide assistance to clinicians and laboratorians as to how they can make the best use of new cardiac markers for clinical practice.

Alpha-tocopherol oxidation in beef and in bovine muscle microsomes.

The oxidation of alpha-tocopherol (TH) in beef was analyzed using a stable isotope dilution capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry assay. TH decreased while alpha-tocopherolquinone (TQ) and 2,3-epoxy-alpha-tocopherolquinone (TQE(2)) increased in ground longissimus lumborum (LL) and psoas major (PM) muscles during storage (P < 0.10). In LL steaks, the relative concentrations of TH decreased and TQ and TQE(2) increased in surface samples; changes were less dramatic in deep samples. Deuterated alpha-tocopherolhydroquinone (THQ) standard was not recovered and endogenous THQ was not detected in meat; THQ was measurable in microsomes isolated from PM and incubated in the presence of 2, 2'-azobis(2-amidopropane)HCl (ABAP) or myoglobin. ABAP-challenged microsomes yielded a tocopherol product profile which favored 5, 6-epoxy-alpha-tocopherolquinone (TQE(1)) and TQE(2), while the use of myoglobin as prooxidant resulted in a higher proportion of TQ and THQ. Results demonstrated that concentrations of TH decreased and TQ and TQE(2) increased in meat during storage and are consistent with the peroxy-radical scavenging function of tocopherol.

The use of cardiac markers in acute coronary syndromes

Cardiac markers can be used effectively for diagnosing, triaging, treating and monitoring of patients with acute coronary syndromes. Therefore, in accord with the recommendation of the NACB and IFCC, the use of myoglobin and troponins, especially troponin T (TnT) because of the broader data base, are well-suited to fulfil the needs of management of acute coronary syndromes. The present paper reviews recent data to evaluate their relevance, especially in deciding the treatment of patients with non-ST elevation acute coronary syndromes. Furthermore, economic studies show that the use of even the more expensive diagnostics is associated with tremendous cost savings due to more efficient patient management. The use of cardiac markers therefore represents a valuable tool in the management of these patients. The best combination is that of myoglobin with troponin.

Myoglobin: an aid in the early detection of myocardial infarction

Summary Serum myoglobin has been shown to be a useful biochemical marker during the early hours following an acute myocardial infarction. Myoglobin levels rise above the upper limit of the reference interval within approximately 2 hours in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) as compared to the 4 to 6 hours it takes for CK-MB. This article reviews the characteristics of this transport protein and discusses the accurate, precise and rapid radial partition immunoassay for this analyte. Data are presented from five medical centers that have implemented myoglobin into the triage of chest pain patients. Finally, a strategy is outlined for the use of myoglobin and creatine kinase-MB (mass assay) for the evaluation of such individuals.

29] Effects of wavelength on fitting Adair constants for binding of oxygen to human hemoglobin

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the effects of wavelength on fitting Adair constants for binding of oxygen (O 2 ) to human hemoglobin (Hb). This chapter presents enzymatic depletion of O 2 in the solution as an alternative to equilibration with a gas phase and the use of myoglobin as an O 2 sensor to eliminate stirring altogether. However, a more recent study in the same wavelength region concluded that the apparent binding constants were indeed wavelength dependent. In using an oxygen electrode, a procedure to smooth the data using exponential splines has been developed that is appropriate when the deoxygenation process, as carried out enzymatically, can be regarded as piecewise exponential. Such smoothed data can then be incorporated into deconvolution procedures to recover the distortions from the electrode time constant. Higher precision spectrophotometers with increasingly sophisticated computerized data acquisition and noise reduction techniques may allow the E values as well as the Adair constants to be better defined. Work at high concentrations will require special cells for multiple path lengths with O 2 electrode or optical sensing of O 2 concentration.

Myoglobin

Myoglobin is a 17,800-d heme protein present in skeletal and cardiac muscle that is rapidly released into the blood circulation following muscle injury in a temporal pattern. In patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), the serum myoglobin level becomes abnormal in about 2 hours, peaks in about 6 to 9 hours, and becomes normal in 24 to 36 hours after the infarction. Measurement of myoglobin between 2 and 12 hours after the myocardial infarction has high clinical sensitivity and specificity. However, false-positive results could be encountered because of skeletal muscle damage and renal failure, whereas false-negative results could be seen in patients admitted 24 hours after infarction. False-positive results due to skeletal muscle injury may be eliminated by determining the myoglobin-to-carbonic anhydrase III ratio. Myoglobin can be a good adjunct to electrocardiography in improving the efficiency of early diagnosis of myocardial infarction. Monitoring the myoglobin levels can also help in evaluating the success of thrombolytic therapy. Use of myoglobin as an early biochemical marker for the diagnosis of AMI, its limitations, and the methods for quantitation are discussed.

Rhabdomyosarcoma in Childhood: An Immunohistological Analysis with Myoglobin, Desmin and Vimentin

A retrospective immunohistological analysis of 64 rhabdomyosarcomas in children was performed using antibodies against desmin and in 35 cases against myoglobin. In addition a group of 12 undifferentiated tumours in which the differential diagnosis included rhabdomyosarcomas was studied. Rhabdomyosarcomas were desmin positive in 57 cases (89%), 28 cases of which showed positivity of undifferentiated small cells (44%). Myoglobin was positive in 23 cases (66%), but only one case showed positivity of undifferentiated small cells. The results show the limited use of myoglobin in the diagnosis of rhabdomyosarcoma, especially of cases with a low degree of differentiation. Three out of 12 undifferentiated tumours were desmin positive and were reclassified as rhabdomyosarcomas. In 49 rhabdomyosarcomas the investigation was complemented by the demonstration of vimentin. Vimentin was shown to be present in 27 cases in tumour cells (55%). Undifferentiated cells were positive in 26 tumours (53%) and rhabdomyoblasts reacted in 9 cases (18%). Coexpression of vimentin and desmin in some cases reflects a situation in rhabdomyosarcomas that aberrantly mimics skeletal muscle embryogenesis. In three cases desmin and vimentin positive globular inclusions were observed. It is suggested that their formation is related to dystrophic changes of contractile and cytoskeletal filaments. From the diagnostic point of view a high percentage of desmin positive cases makes desmin a successful marker for rhabdomyoblastic tumours. It is pointed out, however, that even immunohistochemistry may not contribute to solving the problem of undifferentiated tumours and that each case must be evaluated comprehensively.

Myoglobin saturation and calculated PO2 in single cells of resting gracilis muscles.

Use of myoglobin (Mb) as an indicator of intracellular PO2 has been dormant for half a century, chiefly because of difficulty in differentiating Mb from hemoglobin (Hb) when both are illuminated. We recently devised a microspectrophotometer with which light can be collected exclusively from either Hb or Mb. Spatial resolution is 2–5 μ. Since freezing arrests chemical reaction, saturation measurements on a large cell population can be interpreted as though all the measurements had been made simultaneously. In this way the purely spatial uniformity of O2 delivery can be evaluated. Measurements can be made at several loci within one cell, at various loci in a cell cluster, or in cells selected at random from grossly different regions of the muscle. The method offers the further advantage that the contribution of local capillary recruitment to O2 delivery can be evaluated.

Uptake of exogenous protein by the preimplantation rabbit.

AbstractA study of the uptake of exogenous proteins, peroxidase, ferritin, and myoglobin by rabbit blastomeres of different developmental stages was undertaken to determine some of the means by which these stages ingest protein. Exposure of embryos in preimplantation stages, ranging from fertilized ovum to late blastocyst, was carried out in vitro with selected in vivo controls. Blastomeres of early cleavage stages up to the morula show little uptake of peroxidase. However, the endocytosis of peroxidase greatly increases with the morula stages and continues at an elevated level through the blastocyst stages. The uptake of the tracer is initially accomplished via micropinocytotic vesicles and tubules and can have several subsequent fates. The tracer can pass into larger vacuoles and be transported into the cavity of the blastocyst, or can pass into multivesicular bodies where it is presumably degraded by the lysosomal system for cellular use. The use of myoglobin at selected blastocyst stages yielded results similar to those obtained with peroxidase. However, the response by the blastomeres to ferritin is different. Endocytosis of ferritin is scant at all preimplantation stages, even though the ferritin has no difficulty reaching the surface of the blastomeres. The experiment with mechanically denuded blastocysts indicated that ferritin did not adsorb to the cell surface.