Use Of Multipotent Stem Cells Research Articles

Veteriner Tedavilerinde Kök Hücre Araştırmaları ve Uygulamaları

p.p1 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px 'Times New Roman'; min-height: 15.0px} p.p2 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 10.0px 'Times New Roman'} span.s1 {font: 12.0px 'Times New Roman'} Stem cells, a promising hope for regenerative medicine with a keen scientific focus and getting an immense priority in research as using in cloning, gene targeting, drug testing and deliverance, transgenic rese-arch, and cellular therapy to patient. Having potentiality for self-renewal and differentiation into various kinds of body cells with diversified functions, these naive cells of the body are scholastically using for treating human and animals in various chronic, notorious and devastating diseases. With the advancement of science and tech-niques, stem cells become an outstanding tool for regenerative therapy in veterinary medicine. Due to having some notable beneficial characters of Mesenchymal stem cells over embryonic one, like; ease of harvesting and application, lower immunogenic responses, no evidence of teratoma formation showing higher preferences for their uses. There are proofs of appliance of stem cells for tendinitis, cartilage injury, osteoarthritis, spinal injury, skin healing, cardiac problem, bone fracture, eye treatment, renal cure, and muscular therapy in animals. The visionary use of multipotent stem cells has shaped a new horizon for clinicians to deal with challenges and will bring a better hope for mankind. This review has spotlighted on the restorative application and victorious utiliza-tion of stem cells in animals.

Concise Review: Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiac Cells, A Promising Cell Source for Therapy of Heart Failure: Where Do We Stand?

Heart failure is still a major cause of hospitalization and mortality in developed countries. Many clinical trials have tested the use of multipotent stem cells as a cardiac regenerative medicine. The benefit for the patients of this therapeutic intervention has remained limited. Herein, we review the pluripotent stem cells as a cell source for cardiac regeneration. We more specifically address the various challenges of this cell therapy approach. We question the cell delivery systems, the immune tolerance of allogenic cells, the potential proarrhythmic effects, various drug mediated interventions to facilitate cell grafting and, finally, we describe the pathological conditions that may benefit from such an innovative approach. As members of a transatlantic consortium of excellence of basic science researchers and clinicians, we propose some guidelines to be applied to cell types and modes of delivery in order to translate pluripotent stem cell cardiac derivatives into safe and effective clinical trials.

Renal differentiation from adult spermatogonial stem cells

There is considerable interest in the use of multi-potent stem cells in kidney tissue regeneration. We studied if spermatogonial stem cells have the ability to undergo kidney differentiation. Spermatogonial stem cell differentiation was induced using in vitro and ex vivo co-culture techniques. Conditioned media from human kidney fibroblasts induced the expression of epithelial and endothelial lineages in spermatogonial stem cells, consistent with nephrogenesis. Furthermore, we showed that these cells up-regulated renal tubular-specific markers alkaline phosphatase, mineralocorticoid receptor, renal epithelial sodium channel and sodium-glucose transporter-2 (p < 0.05). GFP-labeled spermatogonial stem cells were engrafted into metanephric kidney organ cultures harvested from E12.5 mouse embryos. After 5 days of organ culture, focal anti-GFP staining was detectable in all inoculated kidneys demonstrating integration of spermatogonial stem cells into the developing kidney (p < 0.01). Histological assessment showed early nephron-like architecture. In summary, we show that spermatogonial stem cells have the potential to generate renal tissue and lay the foundations for further investigations into a novel therapeutic approach for renal insufficiency.

Epigenetic Signatures Associated with Different Levels of Differentiation Potential in Human Stem Cells

BackgroundThe therapeutic use of multipotent stem cells depends on their differentiation potential, which has been shown to be variable for different populations. These differences are likely to be the result of key changes in their epigenetic profiles.Methodology/Principal Findingsto address this issue, we have investigated the levels of epigenetic regulation in well characterized populations of pluripotent embryonic stem cells (ESC) and multipotent adult stem cells (ASC) at the trancriptome, methylome, histone modification and microRNA levels. Differences in gene expression profiles allowed classification of stem cells into three separate populations including ESC, multipotent adult progenitor cells (MAPC) and mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC). The analysis of the PcG repressive marks, histone modifications and gene promoter methylation of differentiation and pluripotency genes demonstrated that stem cell populations with a wider differentiation potential (ESC and MAPC) showed stronger representation of epigenetic repressive marks in differentiation genes and that this epigenetic signature was progressively lost with restriction of stem cell potential. Our analysis of microRNA established specific microRNA signatures suggesting specific microRNAs involved in regulation of pluripotent and differentiation genes.Conclusions/SignificanceOur study leads us to propose a model where the level of epigenetic regulation, as a combination of DNA methylation and histone modification marks, at differentiation genes defines degrees of differentiation potential from progenitor and multipotent stem cells to pluripotent stem cells.

Development of Tissue Engineered Vascular Grafts

Vascular bypass grafting is a commonly performed procedure for ischemic heart disease and peripheral vascular disease. However, approximately one in fourteen patients do not have suitable autologous arteries or veins available for grafting. Synthetic vascular grafts were introduced in the 1960s to overcome these problems, but while they perform adequately in high-flow, large-diameter vessel settings they are generally not suited to low-flow, small-diameter vessels. Tissue engineering is a relatively new discipline that offers the potential to create replacement structures from autologous cells and biodegradable polymer scaffolds. Because tissue engineering constructs contain living cells, they may have the potential to grow, self-repair, and self-remodel. Therefore, recently there has been much interest in the use of this technique to produce low-flow small-diameter arteries. The latest and most exciting developments in this area involve the use of multipotent stem cells as a cell source for tissue engineering of vascular grafts (both in vivo and in vitro).