Use Of Microcomputers Research Articles

ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ BBC MICRO:BIT ДЛЯ НАВЧАННЯ ПРОГРАМУВАННЮ

Considers the use of the BBC Microbit educational microcomputer to introduce the basics of programming to pupils and students in non-technical majors. The paper presents a comparison of the use of single-board computers. The available visual programming environment, as well as a large number of input and output devices on a single-board computer board, makes it much easier to interact with the environment. It is noted that the board can be programmed using visual block programming language, javascript or using Python. If you wish, you can load other systems into Micro:bit, for example, mbed OS and write in C++, but these are already opportunities for students of initial courses of technical specialties. It was determined that the board has an ARM Cortex-M0 processor, 256KB Flash ROM, 16KB RAM, 16MHz clock frequency. There is also BTLE support, a 2.4GHz peer-to-peer transmitter (101 channels), an accelerometer, a compass, a thermometer, and a line of GPIO pins. Even if there is no fee, there is a full-fledged simulator right in the browser, in which you can test all the functions of the program. Ready-made "blocks" are available to the student with many different functions: from simple input-output to sound reproduction or machine control. The board can be programmed using visual block programming language, javascript or Python. The Python programming language has a very simple, but simple editor, and the student can write the code independently. The work shows that the BBC Microbit microcomputer allows to simplify the process of learning program algorithms through the use of a visual programming environment. And the use of functional extensions with the use of third-party modules provides additional opportunities for creating powerful software applications.

Data Acquisition System for Wind Speed, Direction and Temperature Measurements

This paper describes the use of microcomputer as a laboratory instrument system. The system is focused on three weather variables measurement, are temperature, wind speed, and wind direction. This instrument is a type of data acquisition system; in this paper we deal with the design and implementation of data acquisition system based on personal computer (Pentium) using Industry Standard Architecture (ISA)bus. The design of this system involves mainly a hardware implementation, and the software programs that are used for testing, measuring and control. The system can be used to display the required information that can be transferred and processed from the external field to the system. A visual basic language with Microsoft foundation classes (MFC) is the fundamental tool for windows programming. It has been used to build a Man-Machine Interface (MMI), which was used for processing and monitoring acquisition data from environment weather.

Structure Design of Smart Reminder Medicine Box

With the aging of the population, the situation of pension problems is getting more and more serious. Aiming at the problems of old people forgetting to take medicine, taking wrong medicine, etc., a smart reminder medicine box that can be divided into medicine is designed to assist the old people to take medicine on time and take medicine quantitatively. The use of mechanical design to realize the convenience of adding medicines, the use of single-chip microcomputers to realize time reminders and control of the amount of medicines, and at the same time to realize the collection of information on the amount of medicines, can assist doctors in diagnosis and help businesses understand the market.

Specialization of Microcomputers for Targeted Use

Since 2015, microcomputers have appeared in the information environment, which are a compact system unit with minimal functionality without peripherals. The article published the results of the analysis of the use of 6 different microcomputers in various fields of activity. The purpose of the study is to determine the limiting factors affecting the efficiency of the targeted use of microcomputers. It has been established that for scientific and educational presentations, office and trading activities, it is currently advisable to use fanless microcomputers with a perforated case and an internal WiFi antenna, at least 4 GB of operational and 64 GB of permanent memory, and a microSD (TF) memory card slot, at least 128 GB, NTFS file system), Intel HD Graphics, USB3.0 and HDMI interfaces. Based on comparative experiments, methodological recommendations were created on optimizing the configuration of the hardware-software environment of microcomputers in stationary and mobile conditions. The problems of major updates to Windows 10, as well as the compatibility of Microsoft Store software and third-party manufacturers, are analyzed. It is recommended to specialize individual microcomputers for working with 32-bit applications; accounting and cryptographic programs; as well as conducting presentations with their video. Options for optimal configuration of the Start menu of the Windows 10 desktop are suggested. It is concluded that specialization in the hardware-software configuration of modern microcomputers allows you to increase the efficiency of using single devices and their paired systems in accordance with BYOD (Bring Your Own Device).

Research exploring greenhouse environment control over the last 50 years

Environments do not exist in isolation. Their main components in greenhouse systems are plants. Without consideration of plants, analysis of greenhouse environments and environmental control of greenhouses can be accomplished, although it is not simple to achieve. Initial attempts were undertaken to analyze greenhouse environments and then reproduce them. Ventilation rate effects on plant photosynthesis in a growth chamber were reported in 1966. Computer simulations then became a main subject of research. The first dynamic computer simulation of a greenhouse environment including plants was published in 1971. According to innovations of computer technology, the use of minicomputers and microcomputers spread in many areas. By measuring the net photosynthesis of lettuce plants grown under artificial lighting, air temperature was optimized using a minicomputer with the hill-climbing method. The method was designated as the Speaking Plant Approach to environment control (SPA). After the author developed the first reported environmental control system in Japan, systems using microcomputers spread widely for greenhouse environmental control. Knowledge-based expert systems were tested for plant management. Also, a machine vision system was developed to detect critical moments for watering of muskmelon plants. The first feed-forward control method for greenhouses with a large heat mass was reported. Then space farming was tested in 1996 to assess gravity effects on plants. Energy-saving aspects such as solar sterilization, ground heat storage system, and storage using phase change material (PCM) have been reported. Defects of ordinary solarimeters were reported in 2008 along with an approach to estimate evapotranspiration in a greenhouse without the effect of so-called cosine law. Later, this technique was expanded to estimate photosynthesis of the plant canopy in a greenhouse using newly developed sensor units. Keywords: computer control, evapotranspiration, global and diffused solar radiation, nondestructive and non-contact measurement, photosynthesis, SPA DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20191205.5179 Citation: Takakura T. Research exploring greenhouse environment control over the last 50 years. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2019; 12(5): 1–7.

Fifty years in home computing, the digital computer and its private use(er)s

ABSTRACTThe following chapter will discuss the relation between home computer history and computer programming – with a focus on game programming. The nurseries of the early 1980s are the origins of the later computer game industry and the private use of microcomputers becomes an essential part of the ‘playful’ exploration and emancipation of technology. This is why the contribution that home computing added to the history of digital economics, culture and even thought cannot be estimated high enough. After the definition of central terms and discussing the main problems of the historiography of technology and computing, the main topic separated in decades will be portrayed. The milestones of home computer technology will be linked to the scenes and (sub)cultures of their users. Some of these links will be highlighted. My presentation will not be exhaustive but will try to highlight some of the playful uses of computers – from the perspective of this technology.

Art, Maths, Electronics and Micros: The Late Work of Stan Ostoja-Kotkowski

To date, most work on computers in art has focused on the Algorists (1960s–) and on later cyber arts (1990s–). The use of microcomputers is an underexplored area, with the 1980s constituting a particular gap in the knowledge. This article considers the case of Polish-Australian artist, Stan Ostoja-Kotkowski (b. 1922, d. 1994), who after early exposure to computers at the Bell Labs (1967), returned to microcomputers late in his life. He was not a programmer yet used micros in his practice from the early 1980s, first a BBC in his BP Christmas Star commission, and later a 32-bit Archimedes. This he used from 1989 until his death to produce still images with a fractal generator and the ‘paintbox’ program, “Photodesk”. Drawing on archival research and interviews, we focus on three examples of how Ostoja deployed his micro, highlighting the convergence of art, maths, electronics, and a ‘hands-on’ tinkering ethic in his practice. We argue that when considering the history of creative microcomputing, it is imperative to go beyond the field of art itself. In this case, electronics and the hobbyist computing scenes provide crucial contexts.

Calculation Of One-Dimensional Transonic Flows Using Micro-Computers

The use of micro-computers to investigate new solutions, tech-niques•and for training purposes, proved to be a cost effective solution. In this work the potential of using micro-computers to solve one dimensional transonic flow is explored. A newly developed implicit pseudo-unsteady finite difference method for solving Euler equations is considered. The equations are solved in a converging diverging nozzle. Solutions obtained are compared to the exact solution . Bounds on the different parameters affecting the solution process and time estimates for the algorithms considered are presented.

Research exploring greenhouse environment control over the last 50 years

Environments do not exist in isolation. Their main components in greenhouse systems are plants. Without consideration of plants, analysis of greenhouse environments and environmental control of greenhouses can be accomplished, although it is not simple to achieve. Initial attempts were undertaken to analyze greenhouse environments and then reproduce them. Ventilation rate effects on plant photosynthesis in a growth chamber were reported in 1966. Computer simulations then became a main subject of research. The first dynamic computer simulation of a greenhouse environment including plants was published in 1971. According to innovations of computer technology, the use of minicomputers and microcomputers spread in many areas. By measuring the net photosynthesis of lettuce plants grown under artificial lighting, air temperature was optimized using a minicomputer with the hill-climbing method. The method was designated as the Speaking Plant Approach to environment control (SPA). After the author developed the first reported environmental control system in Japan, systems using microcomputers spread widely for greenhouse environmental control. Knowledge-based expert systems were tested for plant management. Also, a machine vision system was developed to detect critical moments for watering of muskmelon plants. The first feed-forward control method for greenhouses with a large heat mass was reported. Then space farming was tested in 1996 to assess gravity effects on plants. Energy-saving aspects such as solar sterilization, ground heat storage system, and storage using phase change material (PCM) have been reported. Defects of ordinary solarimeters were reported in 2008 along with an approach to estimate evapotranspiration in a greenhouse without the effect of so-called cosine law. Later, this technique was expanded to estimate photosynthesis of the plant canopy in a greenhouse using newly developed sensor units. Keywords: computer control, evapotranspiration, global and diffused solar radiation, nondestructive and non-contact measurement, photosynthesis, SPA DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20191205.5179 Citation: Takakura T. Research exploring greenhouse environment control over the last 50 years. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2019; 12(5): 1–7.

РОЗРОБЛЕННЯ МЕТОДИКИ PSMECA АНАЛІЗУ ПРИ ЗАСТОСУВАННІ IoT КОМПОНЕНТІВ У СИСТЕМАХ ФІЗИЧНОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ

Physical security systems are applied to alert in advance a well-known vector of attacks. This paper presents an analysis of the research and assessment of physical security systems applying the PSMECA technique (analysis of modes, efforts, and criticality of physical security). The object of research and analysis is the physical security system of the Ministry of Education and Science of Iraq (as the infrastructure of the region's objects), as well as the area of the compact living of students and co-workers (campus). This paper discusses the organization of physical security systems, which are based on devices with low power consumption and function in the Internet of things environment. The main aim is to describe and develop a physical security system that functions in the Internet of things environment, as well as the development of a scheme for the research and development of models and methods for risk analysis, models of functions and components, models of failures and conducting research and analysis of occurrence failures of PSS. The generalized structural and hierarchical scheme of the physical security system of the infrastructure of the region is presented, as well as the applied application of the scheme is illustrated by the example of the physical security system of a student campus of one of the universities of Baghdad. The functional modeling scheme of the object is provided and is based on the use of the Raspberry Pi microcomputer and the Arduino microcontroller. The set-theoretical models of functions, components, and failures of the system under study, as well as the projection of a hierarchical failure structure in the table of the basic structural elements of the system, are presented. The IDEF0 diagram, showing a power outage scenario (accidental or intentional) in connection with lighting and video subsystems, is presented. The scheme of research and development of models and methods of analysis of risks of PSS is carried out in the paper. A PSMECA table for the CCTV system has been created, which allows you to more precisely determine the cause of the failure in the physical security system and the importance of failure criticality

Understanding kinematics graphs using MBL tools, simulations and graph samples in an interactive engagement context in a Ghanaian university

Many students have problems when it comes to describing the shapes of displacement, velocity and acceleration-time graphs (x, v, a-t graphs), conversion of graphs from one form into another, and calculating and getting the meaning of slopes and areas under kinematics graphs. They often describe shapes of graphs as pictures and give interpretation without taking into cognizance of the type of graph being considered. In this study, 37 first year university physics students (Group One: 17 students and Group Two: 20 students) at the University of Education in Winneba (Ghana) in two consecutive years, were introduced to the use of microcomputer based laboratory (MBL) tools; simulations and graph samples to practice and describe the shapes of kinematics graphs; conversion of graphs from one form to the other; calculation of slopes and areas under kinematics graphs, and their meanings, all in an interactive engagement teaching. Students were made to answer the “Test of Understanding Graphs in Kinematics” (TUG-K) before and after the introduction of the use of MBL tools, simulations and graph samples. Students’ scores were compiled and converted to mean proportion scores and average normalized gain 〈g〉, under the four concepts “Area under the graph (meaning and calculation); Slope (meaning and calculation); Graph description; and Graph transformation”. The results indicate that the first year university students in the two groups all did better in describing the shapes of kinematics graphs, transforming kinematics graphs, calculating and getting the meaning of slopes and areas under kinematics graphs when they were tested with the same instrument after instruction in kinematics. This goes to show that MBL tools, simulations and graph samples when used in an interactive engagement manner can improve the teaching and learning of kinematics graphs in physics.

Computational Tools in Forensic Anthropology: The Value of Open-Source Licensing as a Standard

Over the last 40 years, the number of computational tools in forensic anthropology has increased considerably. No longer are forensic anthropologists limited to the narrow suite of programs previously available, including Snow and Folk’s commingling probability calculator (1970), Maples’s more comprehensive “Forensic Anthropology” suite (1986), and Jantz and Ousley’s Fordisc (1993). Now at least 48 different tools have been independently developed, in part due to newly formulated programming languages and generally broader computer literacy of researchers in the field. While new tools enable a broader range of tasks to be addressed, many tools are closed source, some are not provided for community use, and others lack appropriate version control. Therefore, while the popularity of the microcomputer analytical tools is increasing, so too is their variation. Moreover, external validation of microcomputer test results lags behind development, because the source code is often not accessible to the larger community. Open-source licensing, as a standard, provides a path toward robust development, auditing, and validation of analytical tools; it encourages agile development, version control, and community-wide collaboration to facilitate reliability, which is favorable within the post-Daubert context. As a niche field with a relatively small user base that is subsequently unlikely to attract large commercial investment for thorough beta testing, open-source licensing thereby provides major benefits. This article focuses attention on these issues, advocates for open-source licensing of new and existing tools, and provides the first detailed review of microcomputer use in forensic anthropology since Maples’s first account in 1986 (some 32 years ago).

A INTELIGÊNCIA ARTIFICIAL E O PANORAMA CONTEMPORÂNEO DA FILOSOFIA DA MENTE EM UM ESTUDO INTRODUTÓRIO PARA A FORMA ELETRÔNICA DO PROCESSO

Os avanços tecnológicos, como é de conhecimento geral, demoram a ser plenamente incorporados pelo Poder Judiciário, em função da resistência sistemática e anacrônica, que pode ser constatada, com raras exceções, nos órgão que o integram em todo o País. Esses aparatos causam natural estranheza inicial, mas, na verdade, não provocam qualquer prejuízo; ao contrário, colaboram para a celeridade e efetividade da prestação da tutela jurisdicional. É por isso que, atualmente, os Tribunais não anulam mais decisões e atos processuais elaborados sob a forma datilografada, através do uso de microcomputadores ou mesmo pela utilização de impressoras a laser. Nesse contexto, o propósito deste trabalho é demonstrar a possibilidade de utilização de recursos tecnológicos disponíveis em processos judiciais, como forma de promover o aprimoramento e a efetividade das atividades jurisdicionais. Os recursos cibernéticos em desenvolvimento, como serão expostos, poderão complementar, inclusive, o exercício da jurisdição, através da utilização da Inteligência Artificial.

有機化学におけるマイクロコンピューターの利用 I. : シクロヘキサンのコンホーマーの動的表示

有機化学におけるマイクロコンピューターの利用 I. : シクロヘキサンのコンホーマーの動的表示

Introduction and Use of Microcomputers in Chemical Education in Japan

Introduction and Use of Microcomputers in Chemical Education in Japan

A historiographic review of health education interventions and the microcomputer

Since the advent of the microcomputer in the 1970s and the Internet in the early 1990s, the Information Age has revolutionized modern society and daily life and reshaped the health education and health promotion (HEHP) fields. Microcomputers have evolved from a rare commodity to a standard expectation for HEHP professional preparation, program development, and delivery of services and information. To examine microcomputer use in both historical and contemporary perspective, this article identifies and evaluates the first publications that explored possible application of microcomputers and computer-assisted instruction in the HEHP field. A historiographic review was conducted between January 1960 and December 1989 and by applying search strategies to ten academic electronic databases. Articles were evaluated for subject matter, article type, target audience, and applicability to the HEHP fields using these constructs: Effectiveness, cost-containment, instructional, pilot test, tailoring, and theory. The article sample was carefully reviewed, tabulated, and evaluated. The search procedure identified 39 articles which met the search parameters and demonstrated applicability with one or more core constructs. Effectiveness and tailoring emerged as the most prominent constructs associated with HEHP; a call to action was the most common article type. What was apparent during the search period and relevant today is the necessary rejection of a single method for microcomputer application. A relationship between target audiences and the populations they served is also apparent in the early literature.

A Portable Microcontrolled Pumping Flow System Developed to In Loco Determination of Diuron at Nanomolar Levels Employing a Disposable Biosensor

Microcontrolled systems coupled biosensors have attracted attention. Here, we describe an automated and portable microcontrolled pumping flow system (μC-PFS) developed to biosensing application. The flow system is fully automatic, portable, it works in battery module and it dispenses the use of microcomputer and the manual operations. This device presents mainly a microcontroller as central processing unit (CPU), an aquarium air pump and three-way solenoid valves to propulsion and the volume control of aliquots inserted in the flow system. Once available its performance, this device was used to pump samples and solution towards a compacted and miniaturized electrochemical flow cell (EFC) employing a multicommutated flow procedure. In the EFC, it was used a biosensor based on acetylcholinesterase immobilized on the gold nanoparticles modified-screen printed carbon electrode, which was used in order to perform the determination of diuron by enzymatic inhibition employing a chronoamperometry. Under the best experimental conditions, the calibration curve for diuron determination was linear in the concentration range from 80 to 1400 nmol/L with a detection limit of 50 nmol/L. Moreover, the proposed system was fully automated, showed precise, with low consumption of sample and waste generation with an analytical throughput of 13/h.

Использование микрокомпьютеров при решении задач масштабирования автоматизированных систем сбора информации и реагирования на события

Использование микрокомпьютеров при решении задач масштабирования автоматизированных систем сбора информации и реагирования на события

The Intelligent Dispenser Control System Design Based on FPGA and SRAM

he proposed FPGA and SRAM peristaltic intelligent dispensing machine control system design based on the can not only quickly, accurate, intelligent control of dispensing glue, to achieve precise control of the liquid flow rate, can also be used for other work in the intermittent condition of instrument. In addition, through the use of single-chip microcomputer to control the step motor, to achieve the control purpose of peristaltic pump. The user input the motor rotation speed and rotation direction of rotation of the step number, at the same time flexibly, can obtain from the MCU according to its input data generated by a series of control signal, the motor rotate normally. In the dispensing process, through the external interrupt, can be changed at any time of peristaltic pump working mode. This system realizes the machine position control, speed control, interpolation calculation of real-time task, and construct the concept of digital dispenser system. Practice has proved that this system overcomes the dispensing accuracy of traditional time pressure dispensing machine is not high, prone to smearing and other shortcomings, improve the speed and accuracy of the dispensing.

Microcomputer applications in the health and social service sectors of developing countries

This article examines the scope and limitations of microcomputers for use in health planning, data collection and delivery services in developing countries. Examples are given of computer use for health data analysis in Columbia, for district–level health services in Malaysia, for integrated rural health care in Chad, and as aids in field surveys in Saudi Arabia. An evaluation framework is also presented for understanding the application of new technology in the health and related social sectors.