Use Of Methylene Research Articles

2‐Benzoyl Thienothiazoles from Annulation of C−H Bonds in Acetophenone Oximes

AbstractWe report a method for coupling of acetophenone oxime acetates, C−H bonds α to ketones, and elemental sulfur. The reactions proceeded in the presence of Li2CO3 (base) and DMSO (solvent) to afford 2‐benzoyl benzothienothiazoles. Functionalities including halogen, protected alcohol, and heterocycle groups were compatible with reaction conditions. Use of methylene C−H bonds in β‐keto esters is also viable. This marks a rare example for mild synthesis of S‐heterocycles from ketoxime acetates.

Post-operative outcomes following the excision of dorsal wrist ganglions with/without the use of Methylene Blue

Post-operative outcomes following the excision of dorsal wrist ganglions with/without the use of Methylene Blue

Comment on: The intraluminal use of methylene blue in breast expander devices – a word of caution

Comment on: The intraluminal use of methylene blue in breast expander devices – a word of caution

Les colorants, outils indispensables de la Révolution biologique et thérapeutique du XIXe siècle

Born from growing organic chemistry laboratories, dyes were extensively used par textile industry before to be applied in field of biology and therapeutics. Besides their interest for diagnostic techniques due to cell visualization (Virchow, Papanicolaou), dyes allowed scientists to propose scientific hypothesis founding, in conjunction with new microscopy tools, modern basis for biology : tissue constitution, cellular and sub cellular structure, s.o. One of the brightest illustrations of these progresses is the birth of neuronal theory which due to silver print of brain tissue allowed to see intimacy of cerebral structures et propose an operating scheme (Golgi, Cajal). Therapeutic progresses born from dyes chemistry are multiple. First concentrated on the research of antimalarial drugs (Ehrlich) following the use of methylene blue, then generally, anti-infectious drugs, they gave birth to various chimiotherapeutic families: antiseptics, antiparasitic drugs, antibacterial, among which one of the most spectacular illustrations remain sulphonamides preparation.

Use of methylene blue for detecting pyrogenal ? Bacterial lipopolysaccharide

Use of methylene blue for detecting pyrogenal ? Bacterial lipopolysaccharide

Methylene blue decreases the functional activity of alpha-1-protease inhibitor in bronchoalveolar lavage.

Methylene blue, used as an external marker for bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) in a concentration of 1 microgram/ml, reduced the functional activity of BAL alpha 1-protease inhibitor (alpha 1-PI) in 2 healing nonsmokers who each had 2 BAL done, one with and the other without methylene blue. Inactivation of alpha 1-PI by methylene blue was confirmed by in vitro experiments on diluted serum and concentrated BAL incubated with methylene blue. Inactivation of alpha 1-PI is likely due to its oxidation by methylene blue, as suggested by the in vitro protective effect of dithiothreitol, a reducing agent. These observations indicate a need for caution when considering the use of methylene blue as an external marker for bronchoalveolar lavage.

The role of methylene blue infusion in the management of persistent or recurrent hyperparathyroidism.

Several reports have suggested that methylene blue be used for the selective staining of the parathyroid glands. To date, there have been no reports on the use of methylene blue in persistent or recurrent hyperparathyroidism. In 30 such cases, we found that the dye was safe and easy to administer and that the level of methemoglobinemia after infusion was insignificant. We suggest that the dye be used in all cases involving cervical or mediastinal (or both) reexploration for persistent or recurrent hyperparathyroidism.

Polyimide structure–property relationships. III. Polyimides from multi‐ring diamines

AbstractThe effects of increasing the distance between, and varying the isomeric positions of, the amine groups on the glass transition temperatures of aromatic polyimides were studied in order to investigate routes to improve processability. A number of isomers of three‐ and four‐ring benzenoid diamine systems were polymerized with 3,3′,4,4′‐benzophenone tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride to poly(amic acids), which were converted to polyimides. The use of methylene and carbonyl groups to connect the benzene rings of the diamines, and in one case the dianhydride, afforded a comparison of the thermomechanical properties of the polyimides to those prepared from diphenylmethane‐ and benzophenone‐diamines, respectively. Generally, the dilution of the imide content by the insertion of benzylene and benzoylene segments into the diamines significantly reduced the glass transition temperatures, with the benzylene group being more effective in that respect than the benzoylene. However, there was evidence that the position isomerism (ortho, meta, para) of the amine groups was more influential in affecting the glass transition temperatures of aromatic polyimides than was the dilution of the imide content.

The Use of Methylene Blue in Gonorrh a

The Use of Methylene Blue in Gonorrh a