Use Of Methanolic Extract Research Articles

In Vitro Evaluation of the Activity of Punica granatum L. Aqueous and Methanol Extracts on the Trophozoites of Entamoeba histolytica

Background: Entamoeba histolytica is the causative agent of amoebic dysentery and hepatic abscesses. Despite the efficacy of metronidazole in alleviating infectious diseases, the global dissemination of drug-resistant parasites raises the possibility that Punica granatum could serve as an effective natural alternative treatment. Objective: To evaluate the effect of P. granatum methanolic and aqueous extracts of various parts against E. histolytica trophozoites in an in vitro setting. Methods: Various concentrations (0.14, 0.7, 1.4, and 2.8 mg/ml) of P. granatum extracts of the flowers, leafs, peels, and seeds were chosen for this purpose. A culture medium containing 0.05x106/ml E. histolytica trophozoites was treated with different concentrations of these extracts. The incubation period was 48 hours at 37°C. For every set, an untreated control was also performed. The standard medication metronidazole (17 μg/ml) was employed as a comparative control. Results: All parts of P. granatum showed high efficacy against E. histolytica trophozoites, but utilization of the methanolic extract proved to be quite effective compared to aqueous extract. Under a light microscope, several morphological changes were also seen. These include changes to the plasma membrane, reorganization of vacuoles that hold cell waste, and major changes to the cytoplasmic granules. Conclusions: The leaf, seed, flower, and peel extracts of P. granatum effectively inhibit the growth of E. histolytica trophozoites in vitro. The use of methanolic extract was more effective compared to the aqueous extract, and can be used as a natural alternative treatment for amoebic dysentery.

Antibacterial Activity of Tylophora tenuis Methanol Extract on Staphylococcus aureus

Tylophora tenuis is a species belonging to Tylophora genus, Asclepiadaceae. This study aimed to identify the plant species and evaluate the antibacterial activity of T. tenuis methanol extract on Staphylococcus aureus. The plant was extracted with methanol using soxhlet apparatus. The antibacterial property of the extract was evaluated using disk diffusion method. Minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined by broth dilution method. The results showed strong antibacterial activity of T. tenuis at 500 mg/mL (10 mg/paper disk) with the zone inhibition diameter was 18.33 ± 0.58 (mm). The MIC and MBC of the extract against S. aureus were 62.6 mg/mL. In conclusion, the use of methanol extract from T. tenuis could inhibit the growth of S. aureus in vitro. Keywords: Tylophora tenuis, bacteria, inhibition, extract, soxhlet

The use of methanol extract of Rheum Ribes (Işgın) flower as a natural and promising corrosion inhibitor for mild steel protection in 1 M HCl solution

There is a tendency towards natural products with the increase in sensitivity to the environment, people and other living things around the world. In recent years, there has been a similar trend regarding inhibitors used in the metals protection against corrosion. In this study, the adsorption and protection ability of Rheum ribes (RR) flower extract on mild steel (MS) corrosion in 1 M HCl solution were investigated with the help of many electrochemical techniques. The MS surface after exposing to the test solutions was examined by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and contact angle measurements. Some thermodynamic parameters corresponding to the adsorption of extract molecules on the MS surface and excess surface charge of the steel in the extract containing solution were calculated and a possible mechanism of the corrosion inhibition process was discussed. The durability of the extract film formed on the MS surface was examined under potentiodynamic and potentiostatic conditions. It was found that an adherent and uniformly distributed extract film formed on the MS surface, which is responsible for the inhibition of corrosion. The flower extract provided 94.7 % and 98.4 % protection efficiencies at 1000 ppm concentration after 1 h and 6 h exposure. RR flower extract mitigated both anodic and cathodic reactions, predominantly cathodic process. The extract molecules interact and bond to the MS surface via physical and chemical interactions. The extract could be suggested as a promising natural corrosion inhibitor for MS protection in 1 M HCl solution.

English

Cancer is one of the major public health problems of the 21st century. Its incidence is increasing in both developed and low-income countries. This trend is justified by the change in people's lifestyles. Cancer of the prostate is one of major cancer types affecting male population. The present study focused on the use of methanolic extract of Striga hermonthica (Delile) Benth. to evaluate total phenolics and flavonoids contents, antioxidant activities, anti-proliferative and anti-migratory effects, using ATCC prostate cancer cell lines (22RV1, DU145, C4-2 and RWPE-1). Total phenolics and flavonoids content were estimated using spectrophotometric methods. Antioxidant potential was evaluated using three methods while cytotoxicity assay, anti-migratory assay and western blot analysis were used for the determination of extracts anti-proliferative activity on prostate cancer cells. Therefore, to assess apoptosis induction in prostate cancer cell lines, the effect of S. hermonthica (Delile) Benth. methanolic extract was investigated on procaspase-3, procaspase-8, and cyclin-B2 expression. A range of half-dilution concentrations beginning from 500 µg/mL have been prepared to determine the IC50 in the various tests. Antioxidant compounds were shown to be promising biomolecules, with particular interest in cancer management. Among plant derivative compounds, phenolics and derived molecules have endorsed antioxidant capacities and potential anti-proliferative activities. The best inhibition was obtained on C4-2 cells with an IC50 = 65.76 µg/mL and a selectivity index of 2.35. The results obtained from this study could partially justify the traditional indications of this plant in the treatment of prostate cancer. Key words: Plant derived products, anti-tumoral, prostate cancer, antioxidants.

Phytochemical analysis and cytotoxicity evaluation of flowering buds of Bauhinia variegata L.

Summary Introduction: Bauhinia variegata is used in traditional medicine in Pakistan. Objective: The present study was designated to analyze phytochemical screening and cytotoxicity assay of crude aqueous and methanol extracts of flowering buds of Bauhinia variegata. Methods: Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical screening of both extracts were performed by using standard protocols while brine shrimp lethality assay was conducted for cytotoxicity analysis of both extracts. Results: The highest levels of phenolics, flavonoids and terpenoids were observed in methanol extract with respective standard drugs. The aminoacid content was highest followed by phenol and flavonoids in crude aqueous extract of the raw materials. In cytotoxic studies (brine shrimp lethality assay) the use of methanol extract was reported as potent with LD50 of 241.778 µg/ml as compared to aqueous extract with LD50 of 489.7061 µg/ml. Conclusion: This study reveals that the presence of bioactive compounds in both extracts are responsible for the treatment of various ailments and being utilized by the traditional folks as a food as well. And showed that methanol extract possess cytotoxic activity and thus needs further scientific intervention for its value addition.

Phytochemical profiling of Azima tetracantha Lam. leaf methanol extract and elucidation of its potential as a chain-breaking antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative agent.

Azima tetracantha, a traditional medicinal plant included in the order Brassicales and family Salvadoraceae, is widely used as a dietary supplement in folklore medicines. The plant is also used for the treatment of rheumatism, diarrhea and other inflammatory disorders. The present investigation focused on the phytochemical composition, radical scavenging, reducing potential and anti-proliferative activities of the A. tetracantha leaves. Quantitative estimation of the polyphenols and flavonoids revealed significantly elevated levels in the methanol extract. Corroborating with this, methanol extract exhibited higher in vitro anti-radical scavenging effect against 2,2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl (34.14 ± 2.19 μg/mL), and hydrogen peroxide (44.96 ± 1.77 μg/mL), as well as ferric reducing properties (58.24 ± 6.98 μg/mL). The methanolic extract also showed strong lipoxygenase (71.42 ± 6.36 μg/mL) and nitric oxide inhibitory activities (94.23 ± 8.11 μg/mL). Cytotoxic activity against MCF7 cells was found to be higher (IC50= 37.62 ± 2.94 μg/mL), than that of MDAMB231 cells (IC50= 69.11 ± 5.02 μg/mL). The qPCR-based analysis indicated dose-dependent increase in the expression of the pro-apoptotic genes such as executioner caspases and apoptotic protease activating factor-1. Overall, the results indicated the possible use of methanol extract of A. tetracantha leaves as a chain-breaking antioxidant molecule and are capable of inhibiting inflammatory enzymes and the proliferative potential of breast cancer cells.

Supplementation of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) on productivity and blood hematology

Black Soldier Fly larvae are natural antibiotics. The use of methanol extract in BSF larvae has a dual function, namely high protein content and high antibiotic content to kill Gram-negative bacteria. The biological structure of BSF larvae with antimicrobial peptide (AMP) acts as an inhibitor of pathogenic microorganisms, has a high lauric acid function as a natural antimicrobial and chitin, the polysaccharide plays a role in enhancing the immune response of the animal. This study aims to gain the best type of BSF protein from feed treatments containing live BSF, dry BSF, and BSF extract to increase blood productivity and hematology. The results of this study show that the best P3 treatment for the productivity of laying hens at the age of 18 to 26 weeks with the use of BSF extract since it contains the highest protein compared to other treatments. Productivity variables show the best P3 treatment, each egg weight 57.17 g bird-1, daily egg production 90.88%, egg mass 2408.16 g bird-1 and ration conversion 2.0. The mean hematology of the blood showed the highest P3 treatment, each erythrocyte 2.91±0.13 x 106 mm-3, leucocytes 17.69±3.68 x 103 mm-3, hematocrit 27.8±1.14%, hemoglobin 9.96±1.12%, MCV 95.77±4.41 fl, MCHC 35.99±5.21%, MCH 34.38±4.53 pg, lymphocytes 61.2 ± 4.86%, heterophile 31.2±2%, monocytes 5±0.62% and ratio H/L 0.51±0.04.

Use of Salvia hispanica as an eco-friendly corrosion inhibitor for bronze in acid rain

PurposeThe purpose of this research paper was to investigate the use of methanolic extract of Salvia hispanica (S. hispanica) as a green corrosion inhibitor for bronze in a simulated acid rain solution.Design/methodology/approachExtract of S. hispanica was used as a green corrosion inhibitor for bronze in simulated acid rain solution. Electrochemical techniques such as potentiodynamic polarization curves, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and electrochemical noise were used. Parameters such as polarization, charge transfer and noise resistance (Rp, Rct and Rn, respectively) were calculated.FindingsResults showed that the extract acts as a good, anodic type of inhibitor. The inhibitor efficiency increased with increasing its concentration up to 400 ppm, decreasing beyond this concentration. Efficiency also increased with an increase in the immersion time. The inhibition was due to the adsorption of components found in the S. hispanica extract following a Langmuir adsorption isotherm.Practical implicationsS. hispanica extract can be used as a corrosion inhibitor for bronze in acid rain solution.Originality/valueThis study provides new information on the inhibition features of S. hispanica under specific conditions. This eco-friendly inhibitor could find applications to protect bronze exposed to polluted urban atmospheres.

Effect of fenugreek leaf extract (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) on in vitro methanogenesis and fermentation of wheat straw-based diet (Triticum aestivum L.) fed to buffaloes

The secondary metabolites present in some plants have the potential in modifying rumen fermentation due to their antimicrobial activity. The present study aimed investigating the effect of dosing extracts of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) leaves on in vitro methanogenesis and fermentation of feed in buffalo (Bubalus bubalis Linnaeus, 1758). The leaves of fenugreek were dried at 45-50 °C and ground to pass through 1 mm sieve. Extracts (100 ml) were prepared with 10 g powdered sample using three solvents namely, ethanol, methanol and water, and stored at 4 °C for subsequent use. The extracts were tested at three levels (0, 1.0 and 2.0 ml). A 60:40 mixture (200 ± 5 mg) of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) straw and concentrate feed was used as substrate and incubated with 30 ml buffered rumen fluid in 100 ml calibrated glass syringes at 39 °C for 24 hrs following the standard IVGP protocol. Gas production was recorded by displacement of piston in the syringe. Methane in the gas phase and volatile fatty acids (VFA) in the fermentation medium were estimated by GLC. The total gas and methane production was reduced significantly (p<0.001) with the increase in microbial biomass production by inclusion of methanol extract of fenugreek leaves. Acetate production was reduced with increase of propionate, which reduced the acetate to propionate ratio (p<0.05). The truly degradable dry matter content was increased by the addition of methanol extract. Results of this study suggested the potential use of methanol extract of fenugreek leaves as an anti-methanogenic feed additive to improve rumen fermentation in buffaloes.

Hepatoprotective effect of Orthosiphon stamineus Benth against acetaminophen intoxication in rats.

Orthosiphon stamineus Benth (Lamiceae) is commonly used by the Malaysian for the treatment of many diseases such as diabetes mellitus and hypertension. In the present study, the hepatoprotective effect of methanol extract of O. stamineus against acetaminophen (APAP)-induced hepatotoxicity in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats was studied. Fourty-two young male SD rats were randomly assigned to seven groups: normal control group, APAP control group, silymarin treated group and four groups receiving methanol extract of O. stamineus in varying dosages. The hepatoprotective effect of methanol extract of O. stamineus extract on SD rats was determined by using serum enzymes such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels and the percentage of hepatocytes viability. 2 g/kg of APAP caused a significant liver damage in APAP control group compared to normal control group. However, pretreatment with 500 mg/kg of methanol extract of O. stamineus to rats was significantly reverted all the APAP-induced changes in serum enzymes and the percentage of hepatocytes viability compared to the APAP control group. The results suggest that the use of methanol extract of O. stamineus appeared to be beneficial to rats in preventing the liver damage induced by APAP and may be of therapeutic value in the treatment of APAP-induced hepatotoxicity.

Antinociceptive Activity of Methanolic Extract of Epilobium hirsutum

Antinociceptive activity of methanolic extract of aerial parts of Epilobium hirsutum (EH) was determined in the Hot plate and writhing tests in mice. Nearly all extracts showed a dose dependent and marked analgesic activity in mice in the thermal and chemical models of analgesia when compared to the control. Methanol extract at dose of 500 mg kg(-1) showed higher activity (97.7% writhing inhibition) than diclofenac 50 mg kg(-1) i.p., (77.8%, p<0.05) and morphine 5 mg kg(-1) i.p. (91.2%, p<0.05). Methanol extract, in all tested doses (200-500 mg kg(-1)) significantly increased the pain threshold in hot plate test (p<0.05). EH extract at 200 mg kg(-1) showed a similar effect to morphine at 5 mg kg(-1). These finding indicate the potential therapeutic use of methanolic extract of aerial parts of EH as a potent antinociceptive agent. LD50 was obtained 1.5+/-0.1 g kg(-1). EH extract did not induce locomotor impairment in mice at any tested doses.