Use Of Marble Waste Research Articles

Use of Marble Waste as A Road Base Material in Different Size Ranges

Along with the economic loss caused by the non-use of waste worldwide, uncontrolled storage also brings an additional cost. Today, the rapid increase in the population and the rapid depletion of natural resources in nature lead us to research the recycling possibilities of waste materials. In this context, using marble waste in road pavements is one of the best areas of use. This study investigated the suitability of substituting the marble waste obtained from a marble quarry in Bilecik, Turkey, in the road base layer instead of the aggregate, which was used all the time in the base layer in highway construction at different intervals. The physical tests carried out in this context have met the base material limit conditions of the Turkish Highways Technical Specification (THTS). Mixtures obtained in modified Proctor experiments, and optimum water contents (wopt) and maximum dry unit volume weight (rdmax) were determined for each mixture. California bearing ratio (CBR) values remained above the limit value of all mixtures for 0 days and 7 days of curing according to the specifications for THTS. In addition, CBR values were obtained after freezing-thawing at 4, 12, and 20 cycle numbers. According to the freeze-thaw test results, there was an increase in CBR values in the first 4 cycles and a decrease in the following cycles. Still, all the test results obtained remained above the limit value according to the specifications for THTS. Aggregate unit cost constitutes approximately twice the unit cost of marble waste. Besides, this difference has created an economic equality distance of 18.9 km. Therefore, a marble quarry, a road construction site within the calculated economic equality distance and marble waste material will provide a financial gain for our country. With the evaluation of quarry waste all over the world, we can leave a liveable world with rich raw material resources and a strong economy for future generations.

Utilization of marble waste as a sustainable replacement for calcareous in the manufacture of red-firing wall tiles

Marble waste generated in large amounts in the ornamental rock industry needs to be disposed of in a sustainable way and valorized. In this respect, this work analyzed the use of marble waste as a sustainable raw material in manufacturing red-firing wall tiles, replacing the natural calcareous material by up to 15 wt%. For this purpose, four red-firing wall tile pastes containing marble waste were pressed into rectangular pieces and fired between 1100 °C and 1180 °C using a fast-firing cycle. The red-firing wall tile specimens produced were tested to determine their technical properties (linear shrinkage, water absorption, apparent density, and three-point flexural strength), phase analysis by XRD, and microstructural analysis by SEM. The densification behavior and technical properties of these specimens were influenced by the incorporation of marble waste and firing temperature. The results showed that this waste is highly compatible for the manufacture of high-quality red-firing wall tiles, meeting the normative requirements (water absorption and flexural strength) of group-BIII of ISO 13006. The marble waste may fully replace the natural calcareous used in the manufacture of this type of tile material, contributing to its recycling and valorization with positive repercussions for both the ornamental rock and ceramic industries.

A comprehensive review on the use of marble waste in concrete

Many researchers in the construction sector have recently taken up the issue of replacing some of the cement and/or natural aggregates used in the daily manufacturing of cement-based materials with non-biodegradable trash. Due to its availability and the fact that it is produced in such large quantities and poses major environmental issues, numerous attempts have been made to understand the impact of using marble dust in concrete. In the majority of earlier research, marble dust was used in place of cement, fine aggregate or coarse aggregate. In the studies reviewed here, dimensional stone waste from the extraction and processing of marble is examined as a component of concrete. The effects of substituting marble debris for normal components on the mechanical, fresh, and durability qualities of concrete were investigated. It can be said that Instead of just replacing conventional Portland cement, it is more advantageous to blend marble debris with fly ash before using it as a binder. On the other side, marble waste can be used to substitute fine and coarse aggregate in greater quantities while still producing acceptable results. The performance depends on the fine aggregate that the waste is replacing as well as the particle size distribution of the coarse aggregate's geological origin. The findings showed that the coarse/fine aggregate, cement, and admixture materials could be adequately replaced in concrete by waste marble when used at specific ratios, and the resulting concrete had a higher strength.

Effect of Marble Waste Powder as a Binder Replacement on the Mechanical Resistance of Cement Mortars

The quarrying of marble and its processing to produce building materials often generates a negative impact on the environment. In the Apuan Alps marble district, a renowned quarrying area in Italy since ancient times, the aquatic pollution of water bodies, caused by the presence of marble waste in the form of powder or sludge, represents a significant and current environmental problem. Depending on the different national and international regulations on waste management, the marble waste can be classified as a special non-hazardous industrial waste. If marble waste has been managed according to environmental international and national laws, it can be reused as a by-product. For this, the present work aims to evaluate the reuse of marble waste as a material in replacement for cement for producing mortars. Subsequently, the mechanical and physical tests were carried out to evaluate the specific properties of the obtained materials during and after the curing time. The results showed that replacement of cement into mortars by marble waste always causes a decrease of mechanical properties, with still acceptable values for many applications up to a substitution of less than 25%. From the collected data, the use of marble waste in the production of cement mortars represents an adequate and sustainable destination of this by-product.

Stabilization of marble wastes using cement and nano materials for subgrade applications

Marble has been widely used as a construction material for many centuries. Due to its wide use, managing of marble wastes has become a pressing issue for authorities as of the environmental threat driven by its increased stockpiles in roadside or abandoned lands. This study investigates a new use of marble waste in weak field soils as subgrade application using additive based stabilization. Raw marble waste was first stabilized with Fly ash based – Portland Pozzolana Cement (PPC) having various PPC content (0.5 to 10%) to investigate the behaviour changes of physical and mechanical characteristics. Then, the modified matrix with cement (1% and 10%) was further stabilized using nano materials of 0.1% reduce Graphene Oxide (rGO) powder by weight in order to enhance the strength properties. The improvements in strengths and mechanisms were characterised using detailed morphological studies to identify new formations of elements, functional groups and microstructure changes during stabilization process. Results showed significant increase of strength in the modified matrix (800% increase of CBR and 3 MPa increase of UCS from negligible strength) compared to raw marble waste due to the efficacy of adopted stabilization in the current study. Outcomes revealed that the novel marble matrix derived from this research using wastes and additives does not only indicate great potential in replacing weak subgrade soil which usually is the route problem for many road defects, but also provides an efficient solution for waste management crisis.

Technological Trends in the Use of Natural Marble Residue in the Cement Portland Production from Prospecting in Patent Documents

The civil construction industry affects the environment mainly due to the high generation of waste and extraction of natural raw materials. However, this industry is also responsible for absorbing a large part of the waste, not only generated by itself, but also those generated in other production cycles. These residues are often reused as an alternative raw material, after some treatment. The use of ornamental stone cutting waste has already been studied by many authors, and it is a technically viable alternative in cement matrix products for civil construction. Thus, this technological prospection work analyzed the technological trends regarding the use of marble waste in cement production, based on the registration of patents in recent years. For this, a search was carried out in the Brazilian Nacional Institute of Intellectual Property (INPI) and Dewert Innovation Index (DII) databases, in April 2021, with no period limitation. The main documents were found in the DII database, and the results showed that among the countries that filed a patent on this subject, China is the country with the highest number of filings, with the majority of these filings occurring between 2014 and 2020, suggesting a reflection of the current interest in ways to give an adequate destination to ornamental stone waste.

Sustainable Use of Marble Waste in Industrial Production of Fired Clay Bricks and Its Employment for Treatment of Flue Gases.

In the current study, waste marble powder was utilized to produce lightweight fired clay bricks and in the treatment of flue gases. Marble waste powder used in clay bricks and flue gas treatment was collected from local marble processing plants, and its chemical composition was analyzed using energy-dispersive X-ray analysis and X-ray fluorescence. Clay bricks were produced in local fired clay brick kiln by partial replacement (10–40%) of clay with calcined and uncalcined waste marble powder. The temperature in the firing zone of the kiln was 1000–1100 °C. Clay brick properties such as compressive strength, bulk density, porosity, and water absorption were analyzed. Results show that the porosity of clay bricks increases with an increase in marble waste percentage, and due to an increase in porosity, water absorption of clay bricks also increases, while compressive strength and bulk density decrease. Clay bricks with 10% uncalcined marble waste and 20% calcined marble waste satisfy the required Turkish and European compressive strength standard. Marble waste decreases the concentration of sulfur dioxide and particulate matter in flue gases. There is up to 43 and 65% reduction in the concentration of sulfur dioxide and particulate matters, respectively, in flue gases, after treatment with marble waste. The addition of marble waste to clay bricks is an effective and economical solution for waste marble powder management. Furthermore, it can be used for the treatment of flue gases from brick kilns before its addition to clay bricks.

Research into the use of marble waste as mineral filler in soil pigment-based paints and as an active pigment in waterborne paints

Producing paint using waste and soil is an efficient way of contributing to sustainable development and reducing costs in the finishing and protection of buildings. Although there are numerous studies related to paints of natural land base, there remain certain technical limitations to be overcome. Moreover, no research has been found in the literature on the use of marble waste as an active or inert pigment in the production of paint, although this waste has several pertinent properties and basic constituents. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate whether the use of untreated marble waste as an active pigment in building paint enables a product to be developed which meets specifications and whether the performance of soil pigment-based paints can be improved by incorporating marble waste as a mineral filler. The only preparation for using the waste and the soils as pigments was to sieve them to remove coarser impurities. The samples were formulated based on mix planning using the simplex network and consisted of: marble waste pigment (MWP), soil pigment (SP) and polyvinyl acetate resin (PVA). The amount of water varied according to the ideal viscosity range for paint application. The formulas were analyzed for hiding power (HP), abrasion resistance (AR), microbiological attack and resistance to weathering. The results showed that, for paints produced with MWP as the only pigment, the performance set out in ABNT NBR 15079:2011 was achieved above a percentage of 30% resin in solution. Furthermore, the addition of MWP to SP-based paints provided a film with higher HP and, together with the increased resin content, increased the AR of the samples. Five formulas met both HP and AR performance specifications. The percentages in the mixture were as follows: 0.3 PVA and 0.7 MWP; and 0.4 PVA and 0.6 MWP, with MWP as the sole pigment; 0.25 PVA, 0.175 YSP (yellow soil pigment) and 0.575 MWP; and 0.35 PVA, 0.175 YSP and 0.475 MWP, of YSP and MWP; and 0.25 PVA, 0.175 RSP (red soil pigment) and 0.575 MWP, of RSP and MWP. The weatherability test showed that MWP addition to the paint formula contributed to increased paint durability and improved photolytic stability. Thus, the results indicate that marble waste, as an active pigment or mineral filler, is a promising alternative for producing building paint.

Evaluation of the use of marble waste in hydrated lime cement mortar based

The civil construction sector is one of the industrial segments with higher level for environmental degradation, due to the excessive exploitation of natural resources and to the high amount of pollutant gasses generated in the manufacturing of important construction materials. Due to this, the purpose of this paper was to check the possibility of the total or at least partial replacement of hydrated lime by marble waste originated from an industry of ornamental Brazilian rocks in block and wall laying mortars, thus contributing for the sustainability in the construction sector. The verification of such replacement was performed by the characterization of the hydrated lime and marble powder, and the production of mortars by substituting 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of hydrated lime by marble waste. Furthermore, the main properties of the mortars studied were checked, to set if the incorporation of the waste would cause any damage in the parameters analyzed. The results confirmed the possibility of partial replacement of the hydrated lime by marble waste in up to 50%, although the total replacement was not possible. Thus, the study presented attained the goal proposed.

Evaluation of strength and durability of lean concrete mixes containing marble waste as fine aggregate

The extraction of marble and its processing as marble blocks is most common in several states of India. But the extensive growth of this industry has put adverse impact on the environment because of the production of huge amount of marble waste during extraction and processing. This experimental study highlights the impact of use of marble waste on the properties of lean concrete mix designed for the production of bricks. The basic objective of this experimental programme is to replace river sand in concrete by an optimum combination of quarry dust and marble waste in order to extract best performance in terms of strength and durability parameters. By varying the percentage replacement of fine aggregate with marble waste (0–100%), six concrete mix proportions were prepared for experimental purpose. The result shows that all these properties improved for complete substitution of fine aggregate with marble waste. It was found that compressive strength and flexural strength increased by 84% and 18.6%, respectively. The mixes were less reactive to the aggressive agents also. These advantages were derived due to the ability of marble fines impart necessary cohesiveness even at lesser water content which resulted in an impermeable microstructure.

Durability of concrete using marble mining waste

The aim of the study was to study behavior of concrete containing marble mining waste under aggressive environment. Waste from marble mining and processing industries was used in concrete as coarse aggregate in combination with conventional coarse aggregate. The particle packing density approach was followed to design the concrete mix and 75% conventional coarse aggregate was replaced by aggregate obtained by crushing waste from marble mining waste. The water-cement ratio was fixed 0.45 for all the mixes. Properties of concrete under aggressive environment such as chloride ion penetration, resistance to sulphates were evaluated. The test results revealed that, resistance to chloride ion penetration and sulphate attack increased as compared to control concrete. Overall the results supported by microstructure analysis indicate that there is no significant adverse effect on the use of marble waste as a coarse aggregate on the durability properties of concrete. The results of fire study reveal that, concrete with marble waste performs better than control concrete up to a temperature of 800 oC.

Durability of concrete using marble mining waste

The aim of the study was to study behavior of concrete containing marble mining waste under aggressive environment. Waste from marble mining and processing industries was used in concrete as coarse aggregate in combination with conventional coarse aggregate. The particle packing density approach was followed to design the concrete mix and 75% conventional coarse aggregate was replaced by aggregate obtained by crushing waste from marble mining waste. The water-cement ratio was fixed 0.45 for all the mixes. Properties of concrete under aggressive environment such as chloride ion penetration, resistance to sulphates were evaluated. The test results revealed that, resistance to chloride ion penetration and sulphate attack increased as compared to control concrete. Overall the results supported by microstructure analysis indicate that there is no significant adverse effect on the use of marble waste as a coarse aggregate on the durability properties of concrete. The results of fire study reveal that, concrete with marble waste performs better than control concrete up to a temperature of 800 ºC.

Impact of marble waste as coarse aggregate on properties of lean cement concrete

Marble industry produces large amount of waste during mining and processing stages. This waste is dumped on to open land which creates a lot of environmental problems. The main objective of this study was utilization of marble waste as a replacement for conventional natural coarse aggregate in concrete. Experimental investigations were carried out to examine the feasibility of use of marble waste as a coarse aggregate in concrete. Conventional natural coarse aggregate was replaced by marble aggregate in different percentages 0–100% by weight. The concrete formulations were prepared with a constant water–cement ratio 0.60. It was observed that workability of concrete mixes containing marble aggregate was 14% more than that of control concrete. The average compressive strength of all the concrete mixes containing marble aggregate increased by 40% and 18% at 7 and 28 days, respectively.

Marble powder to stabilise clayey soils in sub-bases for road construction

Marble, used extensively as construction materials, yields huge amount of marble powder waste from natural marble stone processing. Therefore, it is essential to utilise marble powder waste in order to eliminate its negative effect on environment and to obtain economic benefit from it. There are almost no studies in the literature concerning the use of marble waste in the stabilisation of clayey soil under freeze–thaw effects. In this study, a pioneer attempt is made to evaluate the effectiveness of using marble powder in the stabilisation of clayey soil in a road construction under freeze–thaw effects. Natural clay is mixed with marble powder at different percentages; then, strength in terms of the results of unconfined compressive tests and durability in terms of mass loss after freeze–thaw cycles are investigated. As the marble powder content in this study reaches 10% in the clayey soil, the unconfined compressive strength of specimens rises to a peak point; meanwhile, plasticity of mixtures decreases. Mass loss as criteria for durability behaviour in the marble powder-stabilised soils at the end of freeze–thaw cycles is almost 5%. Test results indicate that marble powder could be used as a stabilisation material for clayey-type soils in sub-bases in highway construction under freeze–thaw effect.

Evaluation of Energy Conservation with Utilization of Marble Waste in Geotechnical Engineering

Nowadays one of the goals of all the countries has been to improve the international competitiveness and ensure a sustainable economy. This situation has become even more important with the increasing in population, consumption and rapid decreasing natural resources. Consumption of natural resources is created negative in terms of sustainable development with environmental problems. In addition, also, it is given the reason people's lives to reduce the energy needed to sustain a healthy and comfortable. Thus, recycling qualified wastes are a very substantial topic. In this study, the use of marble waste in geotechnical engineering, and the gains for energy to be obtained by recycling of its discussed.

Use of waste marble and recycled aggregates in self-compacting concrete for environmental sustainability

Abstract Nowadays, due to an increase in marble and concrete production, emerged wastes are disposed into empty fields. This waste causes environmental pollution. In this study, the use of marble waste (MW) and recycled aggregate (RA) from crushed concrete in the production of SCC was investigated. Control series were produced with crushed limestone aggregate (LS) in different water to binder ratios. Then, LS was replaced with MW or RA in ratio of 100%. Fresh concrete experiments such as slump-flow, the J-ring test, unit weight and air content were carried out. Furthermore, compressive strength, splitting-tensile strength, stress–strain relationship, modulus of elasticity and ultrasonic pulse velocity experiments on the hardened specimens were carried out, and mechanical properties of all the concrete types were compared. According to the results obtained, workability of SCC such as flow-ability, blocking resistance and segregation resistance is increased by use of pieces of MW instead of LS. Moreover, important differences were not observed in the mechanical properties of SCC by using MW and RA. For this reason, crushed marble stone and recycled coarse aggregates that were obtained using lower energy than that required for obtaining the LS, can be used in the SCC.

Use of Marble Waste in the Rubber Industry: Part II (SBR Compounds)

An attempt has been made to utilise marble powder as a filler for rubber. The marble was derived from the slurry produced by a Gangsaw machine while cutting the big marble blocks in north-western India. The marble powder has been used in styrene butadiene rubber (SBR): (1) as a cheapening filler, (2) as a semi-reinforcing filler; this involved chemical treatment of the slurry; and (3) as a partial replacement for carbon black filler, to reduce the cost of the compounds. One other motivation was the need to find a way of disposing of the powder, which is creating a serious threat to the local environment. The methodology consisted of: (i) collection of the marble powder (ii) its characterisation (iii) its evaluation in rubber compounds (iv) treatment of the marble powder to enhance its reinforcing characteristics both by chemicals and by electron beam (EB) radiation and (v) evaluation of the filled material in end-products. It was found that the marble powder could be used as a cheapening filler in styrene butadiene rubber, in place of other commercial fillers like whiting. However, no significant improvement was obtained by chemical treatment or by electron beam (EB) radiation of the marble powder. It could be used as a partial replacement for carbon black (up to 10 phr) in various rubber products, which are used under static conditions (not under dynamic situations). These findings were consistent with those previously observed for natural rubber compounds.

Use of Marble Waste in Rubber Industry: Part I (in NR Compound)

In this study an attempt has been made to utilise marble powder derived from the marble slurry produced by gangsaw machines while cutting marble blocks in the north-west of India. The marble powder has been used; 1) as a cheap filler, 2) as a semi reinforcing filler, by doing chemical treatment of the slurry and 3) as partial replacement of carbon black filler to reduce the cost of the compounds, subsequently for products and also to find suitable disposal of the powder, which is creating a serious threat to the local environment. The methodology in this study is as follows: collection of marble powder and characterisation, evaluation of rubber compound including partial replacement of carbon black filler, treatment of the marble powder to enhance the reinforcing characteristics and evaluation of the product. It was found in this study that the marble powder can be used as a cheap filler, in place of other commercial fillers like whiting. However, no significant improvement was obtained by chemical treatment of the marble powder. Marble powder can also be used as a partial replacement of carbon black (up to 10 phr) in various rubber products, which operate under static conditions.