Use Of Mannan Oligosaccharides Research Articles

Isolation and Characterization of Mannanase-Producing Bacteria for Potential Synbiotic Application in Shrimp Farming.

Simple SummaryMannooligosaccharides (MOS) can promote growth and immunity in aquatic animals. Although most commercial MOS are derived from yeast, the use of MOS from copra meal, a waste product of the coconut industry, is of interest. MOS from copra meal, when given as a dietary supplement to shrimp, could help improve resistance to pathogenic Vibrio and could also act as an immunostimulant. Our objective was to identify bacterial isolates that could be used as probiotics for shrimp and together with MOS as synbiotics to synergistically improve shrimp performance and feed utilization. In this study, two bacterial candidates, Man26 and Man122, were isolated from shrimp intestines and screened for mannanase, the enzyme for mannan digestion. The crude enzymes were evaluated for their biological properties and potential application in the digestion of feedstuffs in vitro. Both strains were able to produce and secrete mannanase to digest MOS and other mannan-rich materials and could tolerate a wide pH range. The addition of crude enzymes significantly increased the reducing sugars of copra meal, palm kernel cake, and soybean meal (p < 0.05) as well as protein release. The synergistic effect of our bacteria and MOS on shrimp growth performance will be further explored in the field.Prebiotics such as mannan-oligosaccharides (MOS) are a promising approach to improve performance and disease resistance in shrimp. To improve prebiotic utilization, we investigated the potential probiotics and their feasibility of synbiotic use in vitro. Two bacterial isolates, Man26 and Man122, were isolated from shrimp intestines and screened for mannanase, the enzyme for mannan digestion. The crude mannanase from both isolates showed optimal activities at pH 8 with optimum temperatures at 60 °C and 50 °C, respectively. The enzymes remained stable at pH 8–10 for 3 h (>70% relative activity). The thermostability range of Man26 was 20–40 °C for 20 min (>50%), while that of Man122 was 20–60 °C for 30 min (>50%). The Vmax of Man122 against locust bean gum substrate was 41.15 ± 12.33 U·mg−1, six times higher than that of Man26. The Km of Man26 and Man122 were 18.92 ± 4.36 mg·mL−1 and 34.53 ± 14.46 mg·mL−1, respectively. With the addition of crude enzymes, reducing sugars of copra meal, palm kernel cake, and soybean meal were significantly increased (p < 0.05), as well as protein release. The results suggest that Man26 and Man122 could potentially be used in animal feeds and synbiotically with copra meal to improve absorption and utilization of feedstuffs.

Dietary supplemented effects of mannan-oligosaccharides on biochemical parameters of 4 close-bred flocks of Japanese quail breeders.

The current study was carried out to investigate the consequences of mannan-oligosaccharides (MOS), a prebiotic, as feed supplement on biochemical parameters of Japanese quail breeders (Coturnix coturnix japonica). Twelve-week-old, 960 birds, belonging to 4 close-bred flocks (CBF), were randomly selected and divided into 4 treatment groups with 3 replicates according to pattern (4 strains × 4 treatment groups × 3 replicates). Birds were fed corn-based basal diet or the same diet supplemented with 0.25, 0.50, and 1.0% MOS for 15 wk. After termination of the experimental trial, samples of blood were taken from randomly selected 3 birds/replicate (1♂ and 2♀) and processed for serologic analysis. The statistical analysis was performed by applying 2-way analysis of variance. The serum concentrations of total proteins, globulin, high-density lipoprotein, and tri-iodothyronine (T3) of Japanese quail breeders were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in MOS-supplemented groups than that of control group; however, triglycerides were decreased significantly (P<0.05) by MOS supplementation in female birds. Estrogen level in male birds was significantly (P<0.05) different; however, non-significant differences were recorded in thyroxine (T4), progesterone, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, glucose, albumin, cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein concentrations in all feeding groups. The significant differences in biochemical parameters by feeding MOS-supplemented diets strengthened our hypothesis that the use of MOS may positively affect the health of Japanese quail breeders.

Manano oligosacaridos como prebioticos en acuicultura de crustaceos

Probiotics have the potential to increase the efficiency and sustainability of aquaculture production. The mannan-oligosaccharides (MOS) are complex carbohydrates derived from the cell wall of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae , which act by blocking adherence of bacterial lectins to carbohydrates on the surface of intestinal cells; this action prevents colonization and infection processes carried out by bacterial pathogens. In this work, we review the current evidence about the use of MOS as prebiotics in shellfish aquaculture, enlightening the positive responses in most of the experiences, such as improvement in growth and survival, modulating the immune response and modifying the morphology of the digestive tract. The identification of strains that are promoted or excluded, and the characterization of the resulting modulating action in gut´s microbiota, remains open as one of the fields to be developed in conjunction with the extension of these results to the productive practice.

Prebiotic and antimicrobials on performance, carcass characteristics, and antibody production in broilers

ABSTRACT: To evaluate the effect of supplementation with mannan oligosaccharides, avilamycin and halquinol, alone or in combination, on the performance, carcass characteristics and antibody production in broilers (1-49 days old), male broiler chicks (n=1440; Cobb 500; one day old) were housed and distributed into a completely randomized design into six treatments (eight replicates; 30 animals per pen). To produce the experimental diets, three types of performance enhancer additives were used. Halquinol (HAL), avilamycin (AVI) and mannan oligosaccharides (MOS) were included (alone or in combination) in the basal diet (instead of corn starch). Effects of diet were observed on results of animal performance in the period 1-21 and 1-42 days old. Broilers fed with a diet without growth promoter showed lower weight gain in relation to those fed with diets with antimicrobials, MOS or a combination of them. In the period 1-49 days old, feed conversion increased in broilers fed with rations without promoter. At the end of the experimental period no influence of diets was observed on the carcass yield and cuts, and titles of specific antibodies to avian infectious bronchitis. The use of MOS and/or antimicrobials (AVI or HAL), alone or in combination, improves feed conversion of broilers reared until 49 days of age.

Effects of yeast cell wall-derived mannan-oligosaccharides on jejunal gene expression in young broiler chickens

The use of mannan-oligosaccharides (MOS) as alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters (AGP) has gained in popularity in recent years due to regulatory restrictions of using AGP in food animal production. Benefits of MOS usage include improvement on animal performance, feed efficiency, and gastrointestinal health. The molecular mechanisms of these functions however are not clear. The goal of the current study was to use a transcriptomics approach to investigate the effects of MOS on the intestinal gene expression profile of young broilers and characterize biological gene pathways responsible for the actions of MOS. One hundred and twenty 1-d-old Cobb 500 broiler chicks were randomly divided into 2 groups and were fed either a standard wheat-soybean meal-based (control) diet or the same diet supplemented with 2.2 g/kg of MOS (Bio-Mos, Alltech, Nicholasville, KY) for 3 wk, followed by jejunal gene expression profiling analysis using chicken-specific Affymetrix microarrays. Results indicated that a total of 672 genes were differentially expressed (P < 0.01 and fold change >1.2) in the jejunum by MOS supplementation. Association analysis indicated that differentially expressed genes are involved in diverse biological functions including energy production, cell death, and protein translation. Expression of 77 protein synthesis-related genes was differentially regulated by MOS in the jejunum. Further pathway analysis indicated that 15 genes related to oxidative phosphorylation were upregulated in the jejunum, and expression of genes important in cellular stress response, such as peroxiredoxin 1, superoxide dismutase 1, and thioredoxin, were also increased by MOS. Differential expression of genes associated with cellular immune processes, including lysozyme, lumican, β 2-microglobin, apolipoprotein A-1, and fibronectin 1, were also observed in MOS-fed broilers. In summary, this study systematically identified biological functions and gene pathways that are important in mediating the biological effects of MOS in broilers.

Effect of Dietary Supplementation of Mannan Oligosaccharides and Acidifier Calcium Propionate on the Performance and Carcass Quality of Japanese Quail (Coturnix japonica)

Experimentation was performed to determine the effect of the dietary supplementation of mannan oligosaccharides (MOS) and the acidifier calcium formate (CF) on the performance and carcass quality of the Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica). Three hundred 1-day old Japanese quail divided into four groups with three subgroups each were fed a basal diet that served as control, or a basal diet containing 6 g kg -1 CF or 1 g kg -1 MOS or 1 g kg -1 MOS plus 6 g kg -1 CF. The body weight, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio and mortality were examined at weekly intervals. On day 42 of age the birds were slaughtered, the carcasses were processed and the carcass weight, carcass dressing percentage and carcass parts percentage were calculated. Moreover, the breast meat composition and its fatty acid profile were analyzed. The results of the experimentation showed that the addition of MOS in the feed resulted in lower (P 0.050) differences were noticed for the other examined parameters. The combined use of MOS and CF did not adversely affect the performance of the growing quail or their carcass quality.

Use of mannan oligosaccharides during “post-weaning enteric syndrome” in rabbits: effect on in vivo performancefrom 35 to 60 days

Four groups, each consisting of 684 weaned (35 days) hybrid Hyla rabbits were fed ad libitum the same commercial concentrate supplemented, respectively, with antibiotics (AGP group: colistin sulphate 144 mg/kg; tylosin 100m g/kg and oxytetracyclin 1000 mg/kg) or with mannan oligosaccharides (MOS) at 0.5 (group MOS_0.5), 1.0 (group MOS_1.0) and 1.5 g/kg (group MOS_1.5). Up to 60 days, mortality rate was recorded daily. For each group, 64 rabbits were controlled weekly for live weight to calculate daily weight gain (DWG). Feed intake (and, by consequence, feed conversion ratio) was measured, weekly, per group. No differences were observed for live weight during the trial, while DWG showed an alternate trend, in general, significantly lower for AGP group, exclusive of the third week (49-56 days). Exclusive of the first week of the trial feed intake was higher for AGP than the other groups and the feed conversion ratio was more favourable for MOS groups. Mortality rate was significantly higher (34.2%) in AGP groups. The lowest mortality was recorded in MOS_1.0 group (7.75%).

Use of mannanoligosaccharides and zinc chelate as growth promoters and diarrhea preventative in weaning pigs: Effects on microbiota and gut function1

The efficacy of a commercial source of mannanoligosacharides (BM), organic zinc (BP), or their combination to enhance performance, gastrointestinal health, and immune response in weaned pigs was evaluated. A total of 128 piglets, weaned at 20 +/- 2 d, were housed in 32 pens. Animals received 1 of 4 dietary treatments: a control diet (CT) to which 0.2% of BM, 80 mg/kg of Zn as BP, or both additives (BMP) were added. The experiment lasted for 5 wk including a prestarter period of 2 wk and a starter period of 3 wk. Body weight was recorded and daily feed intake was calculated. Fecal consistency was monitored for the first 21 d. After 2 wk, 32 animals were killed, digesta samples from the stomach, ileum, and cecum were collected, and pH and the short-chain fatty acid profile were determined. Microbiological counts for enterobacteria and lactobacilli were evaluated using quantitative PCR. Histological parameters in the jejunum and immunoglobulin concentrations in serum and ileal digesta were also measured. Both additives improved G:F during the starter period (0.63, 0.69, 0.67, and 0.68 for CT, BM, BP, and BMP, respectively; P < 0.04). Mean fecal score values for the first 21 d were improved by BM and BP, showing decreased values compared with the CT diet (1.22, 0.89, 0.87, and 1.06 for CT, BM, BP, and BMP, respectively; P = 0.002). The addition of BM decreased enterobacteria counts in the jejunum (9.13, 8.05, 8.87, and 7.89 log 16S rRNA gene copies/g of matter for CT, BM, BP, and BMP, respectively; P = 0.05). Empty ileal weight, defined as the segment including the continuous Peyer's patch, tended (P = 0.08) to increase with BP treatment (8.9, 9.6, 11.9, and 10.3 g/kg of BW for CT, BM, BP, and BMP, respectively). Crypt depths in the jejunum were lower in animals fed the combination of the additives (BPM) compared with those fed the control diet (281 vs. 235; P < 0.03). No significant differences were registered in pH, short-chain fatty acids, or serum and ileal immunoglobulin concentrations. The results suggest that the use of BM or BP can improve the efficiency of gain during the starter period.

Use of mannanoligosaccharides in broiler feeding

A study with 2,400 broilers was carried out to compare the effect of the use of mannanoligosaccharides, Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell wall or growth promoter (Olaquindox) in the diet on broiler. Diets were based on corn and soybean meal. A completely randomized experimental design was used, and the obtained data were evaluated by analysis of variance and test of Tukey at a level of 5%. The following parameters were measured: feed intake, daily weight gain, feed conversion ratio, and mortality. It was concluded that the effect of the inclusion of mannanoligosaccharides in the diet on the studied parameters was significantly higher as compared to the inclusion of cell wall or to the control diet, but the effect was not different as compared to the inclusion of growth promoter.