Use Of Lignosulfonate Research Articles

Fast-Curing 3-Layer Particleboards with Lignosulfonate and pMDI Adhesives

Currently, the industrial success of bio-based adhesives remains limited, despite the growing interest in these compounds. One example is the use of lignosulfonates (LS), a byproduct from the pulp and paper industry, which requires long pressing times to ensure proper performance for wood-based panel production. This study successfully manufactured particleboards using a low press factor of 7.5 s/mm, commonly used for conventional urea-formaldehyde resins on a lab scale. To the best of our knowledge, lignin-based particleboards have never been reported using such low press factors. Thus, 3-layer boards were manufactured in which the core layer was bonded with polymeric isocyanate (pMDI), and the surface layers were bonded with LS. Propylene carbonate (PC) was used as a solvent for pMDI to improve adhesive distribution. The optimum amounts of adhesive were determined using response surface methodology: 1.3% pMDI with 2.2% PC in the core layer and 15% LS in the surface layers. These boards obeyed the requirements of standard EN 312 for general-purpose boards for use in dry conditions (type P1). Their formaldehyde content, determined through the perforator method, was equal to that of the wood mix at the maximum value set by IKEA for class E0.5.

Physiological Responses of Cucumber Plants to Sodium Lignosulfonate Application to Sandy Loam Soil

The use of lignosulfonates (LS) to improve soil fertility is currently under study and discussion. The effect of sodium LS application in the sandy loam soil on the accumulation of biomass, photosynthesis, respiration and their coupling in cucumber plants was studied. The LS rate of 10–25 g/kg did not have a significant effect on the studied parameters of the physiological state of plants. However, at a high LS content (50–100 g/kg), the plant growth rate and activity of the photosynthetic apparatus decreased, and the respiration rate increased, which caused the increase in the ratio of respiration to photosynthesis. The negative effect of high concentrations of LS on the physiological state of cucumber plants and their cold resistance is presumably associated with sodium salinization of the soil.

Recycling of Waste Bamboo Biomass and Papermaking Waste Liquid to Synthesize Sodium Lignosulfonate/Chitosan Glue-Free Biocomposite.

The development of the paper industry has led to the discharge of a large amount of papermaking waste liquid containing lignosulfonate. These lignin black liquids cause a lot of pollution in nature, which runs counter to the current environmental protection strategy under the global goal. Through the development and use of lignosulfonate in papermaking waste liquid to increase the utilization of harmful substances in waste liquid, we aim to promote waste liquid treatment and reduce environmental pollution. This paper proposes a new strategy to synthesize novel glue-free biocomposites with high-performance interfacial compatibility from papermaking by-product sodium lignosulfonate/chitosan (L/C) and waste bamboo. This L/C bamboo biocomposite material has good mechanical properties and durability, low formaldehyde emissions, a high recovery rate, meets the requirements of wood-based panels, and reduces environmental pollution. This method is low in cost, has the potential for large-scale production, and can effectively reduce the environmental pollution of the paper industry, promoting the recycling of biomass and helping the future manufacture of glue-free panels, which can be widely used in the preparation of bookcase, furniture, floor and so on.

Use of Lignosulfonate from Pulping Industrial Waste as a Potential Material for Proton Exchange Membrane in Fuel Cells

Use of Lignosulfonate from Pulping Industrial Waste as a Potential Material for Proton Exchange Membrane in Fuel Cells

Improved performance of three-component structure mixed membrane for pervaporation modified by lignosulfonates@2D-MXene

Hydrophilic calcium lignosulfonate combined with 2D-MXene, jointly modified the polysaccharide sodium alginate to prepare a mixed matrix membrane, which has excellent alcohol-water separation performance. • Pervaporation membrane made of sodium alginate, MXene@calcium lignosulfonate. • The hydrophilicity of the membrane increases and the obvious layered structure appears. • The selectivity and permeability of ethanol dehydration are improved simultaneously. Lignosulfonates are a by-product of the agricultural and forestry waste and paper industries. Strengthening the sustainable use of lignosulfonates is a problem to be solved. In this study, hydrophilic agricultural and forestry waste calcium lignosulfonate (CaLS) was combined with single/double-layered MXene, and added to the natural polysaccharide sodium alginate (SA) to prepare a pervaporation me, membrane with a three-component hybrid structure. Characterization experiments such as scanning electron microscopy and contact angle demonstrated that CaLS increased the hydrophilicity and reduced swelling of the membrane, and MXene formed a layered cross-sectional morphology that further reduced swelling. A 90% ethanol aqueous solution was used to evaluate the dehydration performance of the membrane. The results showed that the permeation flux and separation factor of the membrane increased by 74% and 160%, respectively. Compared to the pure SA membrane after CaLS was incorporated. MXene further improved the pervaporation performance of the MXene@CaLS/SA membrane, with the permeation flux of about 938 g·m −2 ·h −1 , and the separation factor of 4612 (two and four times higher than the pure SA membrane, respectively). This study provides a theoretical and technical basis for the development of new separation materials, and will help expand the high-value utilization of lignosulfonates.

Replacement of traditional components of the backfill mixture with man-made waste

The formation and storage of man-made waste of water-soluble ores creates a global environmental problem that entails changing landscapes in mining areas and environmental degradation.The involvement of man-made waste in a closed cycle of the production and technological chain makes it possible to reduce the impact of mining and processing on the environment. The use of non-waste (low-waste) technologies, in addition to reducing the environmental burden, allows you to expand the raw material base of the enterprise by replacing the traditional components of the backfill mixture with man-made waste from mining and processing enterprises.The possibility of replacing the traditional, specially extracted aggregate in the backfill mixture with industrial waste of water-soluble ores is experimentally proved. The possibility of creating a cementless backfill mixture is proved. The possibility of replacing the cement binder with magnesium-containing slags of the Chusovsky Metallurgical Plant was confirmed. It was found that the separate activation treatment of the components of the backfill mixture has a positive effect on its rheological properties and increases the strength of the joint mass. The use of lignosulfonate improves the quality of the mixture and the resulting mass.The development of a backfill composite from man-made waste makes it possible to implement the principle of organizing mining production, which provides for the use of intermediate products in cyclic production and excludes the formation of man-made waste of water-soluble ores.

Стратегия обращения с отходами целлюлозно-бумажной промышленности, содержащими лигносульфонаты

The pulp and paper industry’s multi-tonnage liquid waste is spent cooking liquor containing lignosulfonates, which disposal and processing remains one of the most complex environmental and technological problems, which should be solved. Lignosulfonates have unique colloidal-chemical properties, which determines their high resource potential. However, lignosulfonates’ composition instability often does not provide the properties and indicators set by the consumer. Changing market conditions require constant waste monitoring and modification, that prevents the widespread lignosulfonates use in industrial practice. In this paper, the causes for the formation of lignin-containing waste and its impact on the environment are considered. A strategy for lignosulfonates utilization has been developed, as well as promising methods for these wastes processing and disposal, which will expand the use of lignosulfonates and reduce the pulp and paper industry negative impact on the environment.

Reducing the environmental impact of mining production through the use of man-made waste

The admissibility of replacing traditional cement, used as a binder with magnesium-containing man-made waste in the preparation of a construction and fill mixture is justified. The possibility of replacing the traditional specially mined aggregate in construction and fill mixtures is proved. The results of testing samples after cementing and a construction-fill mixture prepared on the basis of man-made waste are presented. The positive effect of mechanical activation of the backfill mixture components on its rheological properties and strength characteristics of the fill mass is studied. The use of lignosulfonate as an additive was confirmed to improve the binding and rheological properties of the backfill mixture. The involvement of man-made waste in the closed cycle of the main and auxiliary production reduces the volume of man-made massifs, which significantly reduces the impact of mining production on the environment.

Assessment of Morphological, Physical, Thermal, and Thermal Conductivity Properties of Polypropylene/Lignosulfonate Blends.

Lignosulfonate is a cheap material available in large quantities obtained as a byproduct of paper and cellulose. In this work, blends of polypropylene (PP) and sodium lignosulfonate (LGNa) were developed to evaluate the potential use of lignosulfonate as a lightweight, thermal insulation and flame retardant material. The blends were obtained by mixing in a torque rheometer and molded after compression. The blend proprieties were evaluated by physical, morphological, thermal, thermal conductivity, and flammability tests. The measured values were compared with theoretical models. The results indicated that a heterogeneous blend with a higher number of separated domains is formed when the LGNa content increases from 10 to 40 wt%. In addition, the density and thermal conductivity coefficient of the blends studied are not affected by the addition of LGNa. However, when the LGNa content in the blend exceeds 20 wt% the thermal stability and flame retardant proprieties are considerably reduced. The theoretical models based on the rule of mixtures showed a good agreement with the experimental values obtained from blend density, thermal conductivity, and thermal stability. In general, lignosulfonate tested in this work shows potential to be used as a reactive component in polymer blends.

СНИЖЕНИЕ ВРЕДНОГО ВОЗДЕЙСТВИЯ ПРОМЫШЛЕННЫХ ПРОИЗВОДСТВ НА ОКРУЖАЮЩУЮ СРЕДУ ПУТЁМ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ ТЕХНОГЕННЫХ ОТХОДОВ

The admissibility of replacing traditional cement, used as a binder with magnesium-containing man-made waste in the preparation of a construction and fill mixture is justified. The possibility of replacing the traditional specially mined aggregate in constriction and fill mixtures is proved. The results of testing samples after cementing and a construction-fill mix-ture prepared on the basis of man-made waste are presented. The positive effect of mechani-cal activation of the backfill mixture components on its rheological properties and strength characteristics of the fill mass is studied. The use of lignosulfonate as an additive was con-firmed to improve the binding and rheological properties of the backfill mixture. The in-volvement of man-made waste in the closed cycle of the main and auxiliary production reduc-es the volume of man-made mass, which significantly lowers the impact of mining on the environment.

A bio-based adhesive composed of polyelectrolyte complexes of lignosulfonate and cationic polyelectrolytes

Polyelectrolyte complexes composed of lignosulfonate and cationic polyelectrolytes were used as bio-based adhesives. Sodium lignosulfonate (L-SO3Na), a wood-derived anionic polyelectrolyte, was combined with three different cationic polyelectrolytes and the adhesive strength of the resulting complexes was evaluated on various substrates. Higher adhesive strength was observed with polar substrates (stainless steel, aluminum, and wood) compared to a nonpolar substrate (polypropylene). Complexes L-SO3Na/poly(allylamine) and L-SO3Na/ε-poly-l-lysine exhibited higher adhesive strength than the other polyelectrolyte complexes on aluminum and a commercial polyvinyl acetate adhesive on wood. In addition, our adhesives do not require any additional chemical reagents, such as organic solvents, crosslinkers, or condensation agents. The L-SO3Na/ε-poly-l-lysine complex is a strong and completely biodegradable adhesive. This study demonstrates the use of lignosulfonate in the development of low-toxicity, sustainable, and biodegradable adhesives with excellent adhesive strength.

Assessment of the use of lignosulfonates to separate chalcopyrite and molybdenite by flotation

Molybdenum is the most important by-product of Chile's copper mining industry, and during the last decade gained international relevance because of its high price At mining deposits, copper and molybdenum are extracted together and then separated in a process consisting of several stages of flotation using sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) as key reagent. However, environmental issues related to the potential emissions of toxic hydrosulfide gas (H2S), and bad odors make necessary the development of new environmentally friendly processes that incorporate non-toxic reagents. In this work, we hypothesize that a selective separation of chalcopyrite and molybdenite by flotation can be achieved by using lignosulfonates instead of NaHS. This approach was evaluated by testing the effect of lignosulfonates, produced by reacting kraft lignin with sodium sulfite and formaldehyde, and commercially available lignosulfonates, on molybdenite and chalcopyrite flotation. Chemical characterization of lignosulfonates was performed by determination of molecular mass, elemental analysis, fourier transform infrared, and mass spectroscopy with inductively coupled plasma. Also, interactions between molybdenite and lignosulfonates were studied through measurements of electrophoretic mobility. The main conclusions of the work are that molybdenite flotation can be depressed by the action of lignosulfonates, and such depressing effect increases with pH because of the interactions between lignosulfonates with the metallic calcium sites existing on the surface of the mineral particles. The experimental results also indicate that lignosulfonates can depress chalcopyrite flotation when sodium isopropyl xanthate is used as a collector, but this effect can be completely mitigated by using potassium amyl xanthate as a collector, thus, making it possible the potential separation of both minerals.

Potential use of lignosulfonate for expansive soil stabilisation

This study involved the laboratory evaluation of the effectiveness of lignosulfonate (LS) admixture in improving engineering properties (i.e. swell potential, unconfined compressive strength, durability, compaction characteristics, permeability, consolidation characteristics and shrinkage behaviour) of a remoulded expansive soil. Standard geotechnical laboratory tests performed on untreated and LS-treated soil specimens compacted at optimum moisture content and maximum dry unit weight showed significant and consistent improvements in the engineering properties of the soil. The swell potential of the soil decreased by 23% while maintaining its ductility and pH value. The improved soil resistance to repeated freeze–thaw/wet–dry cycles was also observed in the LS-treated specimens. Likewise, the compressive strength, consolidation characteristics and shrinkage limit improved appreciably. However, the compaction characteristics and permeability of the treated soil remained relatively unchanged. With over 50 Mt of global annual production of LS, the successful use of LS as an alternative admixture for expansive soil stabilisation provides viable solutions to the sustainable use of the lignin by-products from paper manufacturing industry.

Moldable and Humidity-Responsive Self-Healable Complex from Lignosulfonate and Cationic Polyelectrolyte

We have developed a moldable and self-healable material from lignosulfonate by taking advantage of the ionic interactions between lignosulfonate and various cationic polyelectrolytes. Three lignosulfonate complexes with different cationic polyelectrolytes were prepared. The complex of sodium lignosulfonate (L-SO3Na) and poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDADMACl) was deemed a promising moldable material based on its mechanical toughness in tensile tests (>3 MJ/m3). The mechanical properties of the L-SO3Na/PDADMACl complex were further characterized with regard to the effects of composition, the molecular weight of PDADMACl, and relative humidity. Our findings were as follows: (i) the addition of adequate amounts of lignosulfonate to PDADMACl improved the toughness of the complex (from 1.8 to 3.6 MJ/m3 at maximum), (ii) using higher-molecular-weight (>200,000) PDADMACl enhanced the mechanical properties of the complex, and (iii) increasing the relative humidity softened the complex through water absorption. The self-healing properties of the L-SO3Na/PDADMACl complex were also evaluated. The healing efficiency, in terms of toughness recovery, was only 14% at 50% relative humidity but increased to almost 100%, i.e., the sample did not break at the healed position, at 60% relative humidity. This study proposes the use of lignosulfonate as a component of humidity-responsive and completely self-healable materials.

Effect of calcium lignosulfonate supplementation on metabolic profiles of confined lambs.

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of calcium lignosulfonate associated with whole cottonseed in high-concentrate diets for sheep. Eight Dorper crossbred sheep with an average live weight of 42.5 ± 1.70kg were assigned to two 4 × 4 Latin squares. The following experimental diets were evaluated: control diet (without calcium lignosulfonate) and diets with inclusion of 50, 100, and 150g of calcium lignosulfonate/kg fresh matter. Diets were composed of soybean meal, groundcorn, and whole cottonseed. Feed intake, digestibility, metabolic characteristics, and feeding behavior were evaluated. The intake of nutritional components did not show significant differences as a function of the lignosulfonate levels in the diet; however, the increase in calcium lignosulfonate levels linearly decreased the dry matter digestibility. Rumen ammonia nitrogen concentrations decreased linearly as the lignosulfonate levels in the diets were increased. There was no effect of lignosulfonate levels on blood parameters or feeding behavior of the animals. The use of lignosulfonate associated with cottonseed decreases the digestibility of dry matter and the concentration of rumen ammonia nitrogen, but does not change the intake of nutritional components, the blood parameters, or the feeding behavior of sheep.

Influence of lignosulfonic acids on the formation of magnetoactive compound in the redox reaction of iron(II) with chromate-anion

Chromium and its compounds are widely used in various industries. Wastewater from industrial enterprises using chromium compounds are subject to complete disposal at treatment facilities. The possibility of synthesizing a magnetoactive compound by oxidizing part of Fe(II) cations with chromate-anions in the presence of lignosulfonates was investigated. The magnetic activity was measured on Gouy balance, magnetic characteristics were determined by the magnetic granulometry method. It has been shown that the interaction of Fe(II) cations with chromate-anions passes with the formation of an water soluble intermediate without redox transformations at pH 3.4. Using method of the isomolar series, it was determined that the ratio of chromate-ions and Fe(II) cations in the intermediate is 1:2.33. The intermediate solution is stable for a long time. Synthesized magnetoactive compound samples are ferrimagnets. The use of lignosulfonate and the synthesis with heating can achieve a higher magnetic activity of magnetoactive compound. The optimal lignosulfonate consumption is 0.7 g/g Fe.

Enzymatic degradation of sulfite-pulped softwoods and the role of LPMOs

BackgroundRecent advances in the development of enzyme cocktails for degradation of lignocellulosic biomass, especially the discovery of lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs), have opened new perspectives for process design and optimization. Softwood biomass is an abundant resource in many parts of the world, including Scandinavia, but efficient pretreatment and subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis of softwoods are challenging. Sulfite pulping-based pretreatments, such as in the BALI™ process, yield substrates that are relatively easy to degrade. We have assessed how process conditions affect the efficiency of modern cellulase preparations in processing of such substrates.ResultsWe show that efficient degradation of sulfite-pulped softwoods with modern, LPMO-containing cellulase preparations requires the use of conditions that promote LPMO activity, notably the presence of molecular oxygen and sufficient reducing power. Under LPMO activity-promoting conditions, glucan conversion after 48-h incubation with Cellic® CTec3 reached 73.7 and 84.3% for Norway spruce and loblolly pine, respectively, at an enzyme loading of 8 mg/g of glucan. The presence of free sulfite ions had a negative effect on hydrolysis efficiency. Lignosulfonates, produced from lignin during sulfite pretreatment, showed a potential to activate LPMOs. Spiking of Celluclast®, a cellulase cocktail with low LPMO activity, with monocomponent cellulases or an LPMO showed that the addition of the LPMO was clearly more beneficial than the addition of any classical cellulase. Addition of the LPMO in reactions with spruce increased the saccharification yield from approximately 60% to the levels obtained with Cellic® CTec3.ConclusionsIn this study, we have demonstrated the importance of LPMOs for efficient enzymatic degradation of sulfite-pulped softwood. We have also shown that to exploit the full potential of LPMO-rich cellulase preparations, conditions promoting LPMO activity, in particular the presence of oxygen and reducing equivalents are necessary, as is removal of residual sulfite from the pretreatment step. The use of lignosulfonates as reductants may reduce the costs related to the addition of small molecule reductants in sulfite pretreatment-based biorefineries.

Shear behaviour of sandy silt treated with lignosulfonate

Chemical stabilizers (e.g., cement, lime, gypsum, and other alkaline admixtures) have been widely used to enhance the strength and compressibility properties of subgrade soils. However, traditional chemical stabilizers are not always acceptable in Australia because they often pose a threat to the surrounding environment. Moreover, traditionally treated soils usually exhibit excessive brittle behaviour, which is often undesirable for transport infrastructure such as rail embankments and airport runways. To establish an alternative stabilizer that could overcome the above problems, this note presents a series of experimental results on the use of lignosulfonate (by-product of timber and paper industry), an environmentally friendly soil stabilizer effective for treating fine sandy silt that formed the bulk of an embankment fill at Penrith, Australia. The effects of lignosulfonate treatment on the shear behaviour of treated soil, including the stress–strain relationships, and the corresponding development of excess pore pressure and volumetric responses under monotonic triaxial testing are discussed.

Deformation Behavior of Lignosulfonate-Treated Sandy Silt under Cyclic Loading

AbstractAlthough many traditional soil stabilizers (e.g., lime, cement, gypsum, and fly ash) have been widely and effectively used for ground improvement, they often adversely affect the surrounding soil and groundwater environment. Moreover, traditionally treated soils have shown excessive brittle behavior, especially under cyclic loads, which is often undesirable for structures such as rail embankments and airport runways. To establish an alternative stabilizer that could overcome these problems, this paper presents the results of a series of cyclic triaxial tests on the use of lignosulfonate (a by-product of the timber industry), an environmentally friendly soil stabilizer effective for treating fine sandy silt that formed the bulk of the embankment fill at Penrith, Australia. The influence of lignosulfonate on the stress-strain behavior, resilient modulus, and excess pore pressure development of the treated soil is discussed.

Use of lignosulfonates in newsprint paper production

A short overview of the most prospective applications of industrial lignosulfonates in various industries, such as newsprint paper production, is presented. Lignosulfonates can be utilized in technological processes in various forms, including (1) forms immobilized by paper components and (2) chemically modified forms used as functional additives to the composition of paper-making stock.