Use Of Laser Scanning Technology Research Articles

Comparative analysis of mobile laser scanning and terrestrial laser scanning for the indoor mapping

ABSTRACT Efficient three-dimension exploration of a complex indoor environment remains a difficult duration in mapping accuracy requirements for geometric data. Indoor and outdoor mapping, which has been done with classical measuring devices for a long time, has come a long way with the use of laser scanning technology in this field. Although terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) point cloud recording provides great convenience in indoor and outdoor mapping, it is disadvantageous in terms of time and cost. Therefore, in our study, we propose a new indoor mapping strategy with wearable mobile laser scanning (WMLS) approach, which uses the simultaneous localization and mapping algorithm, which has been tried recently, as an alternative to TLS point cloud. In this strategy, four test areas with different geometric structures were scanned. A comparative analysis was performed after each test area was scanned with TLS and WMLS devices. For accuracy analysis, reference data were measured with a precision measuring device, and both scan data were compared on a spatial and length basis. The study results showed that the proposed strategy could be an alternative to TLS in terms of accuracy and the time advantage of the WMLS method.

USE OF LASER SCANNING TECHNOLOGIES FOR OBSERVATIONS OF DEFORMATIONS OF OPEN PIT WALLS

The article discusses the use of laser scanning technology for observing the deformations of an open pit walls in iron ore deposits. To carry out observations and analysis of the results obtained, an iron ore quarry was selected. The task of the study is to summarize methods and technical means used at mining enterprises for observing and measuring deformations in mountain ranges. The safety and efficiency of iron ore quarries is largely determined by the methods used to monitor the deformation process and calculate the stability of the pit walls and dumps. Based on the analysis of existing approaches to solving this problem, a conclusion was drawn on the advisability of using a laser scanning system for assessing sustainability. As a result, an analysis of the measurement results obtained in a digital model of the quarry near-surface arrays was obtained, which allows creating an electronic database for further use in surveying and geomechanical tasks.

ПРАКТИКА ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ ЛАЗЕРНОГО СКАНИРОВАНИЯ В НАБЛЮДЕНИЯХ ЗА ДЕФОРМАЦИЯМИ БОРТОВ КАРЬЕРОВ

The article discusses the use of laser scanning technology for observing the deformations of pit walls in iron ore deposits. To carry out observations and analysis of the results obtained, an iron ore quarry in the Akmola region was selected. The task of the study is to summarize the methods and technical means used at mining enterprises for observing and measuring deformations in moun-tain ranges. The safety and efficiency of iron ore quarries is largely determined by the methods used to monitor the deformation process and calculate the stability of the pit walls and dumps. Based on the analysis of existing approaches to solving this problem, a conclusion was drawn on the advisabil-ity of using a laser scanning system for assessing sustainability. As a result of the analysis of the ob-tained measurement results, a digital model of the quarry near-surface arrays was obtained, which allows you to create an electronic database for further use in surveying and geomechanical tasks.

Possibilities of Remote Sensing Methods for the Formation of the Information Structure of the Tourist Business

The expediency of remote sensing methods application for information support of tourism is shown. Examples are given of the use of laser scanning technology, digital shooting with UAS and 3D modeling developed at Siberian State University of Geosystems and Technologies (SSUGT).

Применение технологии лазерного сканирования для моделирования объектов недвижимости в 3D-кадастре

The authors present the results of theoretical and experimental studies on the use of laser scanning technology for the 3D-modeling of real estate objects in the cadastre. The result of the theoretical part of the research was a set of parameters for 3D modeling of real estate objects influencing the choice of the scanning method (ground, air or mobile), which showed that when creating separate 3D models of real estate objects (buildings, structures, premises and objects of unfinished construction) the method of ground-based laser scanning should be used. Based on the theoretical part, an experiment on 3D-modeling of a typical real estate object (building) was performed on the basis of data obtained with the method of ground- based laser scanning. The model of the real estate object was built with various degrees of detail to demonstrate its accuracy characteristics, depending on the distance from the scanner stations, the use of photographic materials, etc. The results of the experimental part of the studies show that the model obtained is in full conformity with the current requirements of the legislation in the field of cadastre. The proposed solution can be used as a methodological basis for constructing three-dimensional models in the transition of the Russian Federation to a 3D-cadastre system.

Bus bays inventory using a terrestrial laser scanning system

This article presents the use of laser scanning technology for the assessment of bus bay geo-location. Ground laser scanning is an effective tool for collecting three-dimensional data. Moreover, the analysis of a point cloud dataset can be a source of a lot of information. The authors have outlined an innovative use of data collection and analysis using the TLS regarding information on the flatness of bus bays. The results were finalized in the form of colour three-dimensional maps of deviations and pavement type.

Automatic segmentation and 3D modeling of pipelines into constituent parts from laser-scan data of the built environment

Abstract The demand for three-dimensional (3D) modeling of as-built or as-is pipelines that occupy large areas in operating plants has been growing in recent times. In practice, although measurements can be efficiently performed by the use of laser-scanning technology, generating a pipeline model from laser-scan data remains challenging, possibly due to the data characteristics. This paper proposes a method for generating 3D models of entire pipelines, including straight pipes, elbows, reducers, and tee pipes, from laser-scan data. The proposed method comprises three main tasks: (1) identifying the existence and location of entire pipelines from laser-scan data, (2) segmenting each pipeline surface into its constituent forms (straight pipe, elbow, reducer, and tee), and (3) reconstructing the geometry of the individual pipelines and generating a 3D model of it. Field experiments were performed at two different operating industrial plants to validate the method. Evaluation of the quantitative results reveals that the proposed method can indeed be used for the automation of 3D modeling of the pipelines in industrial plants—and to be capable of producing such models with high accuracy.

Case History of the Use of Laser Scanning Technology Within the Scope of an Integrated Reconstruction Project at the Nizhegorodskaya HPP

A laser scanning and 3D modeling technology is presented for buildings, structures, and hydropower installation equipment. The tasks addressed using this three-dimensional technique are discussed in detail. Examples are presented and results are assessed of the use of the laser scanning technology within the scope of an integrated reconstruction project at the Nizhegorodskaya HPP. The advantages and prospects of laser scanning are noted.

Geometrical Issues on the Structural Analysis of Transmission Electricity Towers Thanks to Laser Scanning Technology and Finite Element Method

This paper presents a multidisciplinary approach to reverse engineering and structural analysis of electricity transmission tower structures through the combination of laser scanning systems and finite element methodology. The use of laser scanning technology allows the development of both drawings and highly accurate three-dimensional geometric models that reliably reproduce geometric reality of towers structures, detecting imperfections, and particularities of their assembly. Due to this, it is possible to analyze and quantify the effect of these imperfections in their structural behavior, taking into account the actual geometry obtained, different structural models, and load hypotheses proposed. The method has been applied in three different types of metal electricity transmission towers with high voltage lines located in Guadalajara (Spain) in order to analyze its structural viability to accommodate future increased loads with respect that which are currently subjected.

The assessment of crack development in concrete using a terrestrial laser scanner (TLS)

The deterioration of structures due to reinforcement corrosion is a major problem both in Australia and globally. The corrosion of the reinforcement can lead to rust staining, cracking spalling, and eventually structural failure if no remedial action is taken. In order to assess the condition of a structure a visual inspection is often the first step, with any defects noted. Further visual inspection or installation of monitoring equipment may then be made to identify any subsequent deterioration that occurs. These activities can often be time consuming and expensive, both in the undertaking and in the analysis of the data. This paper reports the use of laser scanning technology to monitor the condition and deterioration of reinforced concrete specimens and relate the level and rate of crack growth with a standard visual inspection.

A Hybrid Spatial Index for Massive Point Cloud Data Management and Visualization

AbstractWith the wide use of laser scanning technology, point cloud data collected from airborne sensors and terrestrial sensors are often integrated to depict a complete scenario from the top and ground views, even though points from different platforms and sensors have quite different densities. These massive point clouds with various structures create many problems for both data management and visualization. In this article, a hybrid spatial index method is proposed and implemented to manage and visualize integrated point cloud data from airborne and terrestrial scanners. This hybrid spatial index structure combines an extended quad‐tree model at the global level to manage large area airborne sensor data, with a 3‐D R‐tree to organize high density local area terrestrial point clouds. These massive point clouds from different platforms have diverse densities, but this hybrid spatial index system has the capability to organize the data adaptively and query efficiently, satisfying the requirements for fast visualization. Experiments using point cloud data collected from the Dunhuang area were conducted to evaluate the efficiency of our proposed method.

Automated progress control using laser scanning technology

Abstract Assessing progress in construction activities is time consuming and requires the use of specialized personnel. Automated progress control could reduce the workforce, the cost, and the time used, reduce disagreements, and add to the overall efficiency of project management. Attempts have been made in the past to resolve this issue using image processing and other techniques but the results have not been satisfactory. A new attempt is now made to set up a system that can assess progress control with minimum human input. An experiment makes use of laser scanning technology. The initial results appear to be promising but there are still obstacles to surmount. The system is robust and accurate in laboratory conditions and constitutes proof of concept. Improvements are necessary to accelerate the registration process of multiple scans, to recognize objects of irregular shape, and to assess the practicality and economic feasibility of such a system.

DOCUMENTATION AND VISUALIZATION OF AN AS-BUILT TUNNEL BY COMBINING 3D LASER SCANNING AND WEB MAPPING

Abstract. A new way to document and visualize the as-built condition of an urban tunnel project with high accuracy is described in this paper, based on recent developments of laser scanning technology. In traditional surveying, the components of a tunnel are organized on the basis of the location of stations and offsets along the project alignment specified in the drawings. It is difficult for people without an engineering background to understand the information involved in surveying reports, drawings, and engineering data. However, in the interest of transparency, public agencies that commission construction projects have to make project information available to government officials and to the general public. This paper discusses the combined use of laser scanning technology and web mapping services to improve the documentation and visualization of an urban metro tunnel. Laser scanning technology is introduced to perform the surveyor's task, document the as-built condition, and geo-reference the construction elements. A set of panoramic pictures is generated by laser scanning that allows for taking measurements and extracting 3D coordinates. An XML file that contains geo-reference information is appended to each panoramic picture. Using application programming interface (API), this information is referenced to a web mapping service. A case study of the CTA Red line Tunnel in Chicago, IL demonstrates this method in a real life project.

Monitoring Of Complex Structure For Structural Control Using Terrestrial Laser Scanning (Tls) And Photogrammetry

The demand for high-definition surveys within cultural heritage-related projects represents one of the main factors that promoted the use of laser scanning technology and photogrammetry. By measuring millions of points within relatively short time periods, terrestrial laser scanners (TLS) allows to researchers to derive complete and very detailed three-dimensional (3D) models of real objects from acquired point clouds. These features drew in recent years the interest of surveyors, engineers, architects, and archaeologists towards the laser scanning technique as an invaluable surveying tool for 3D modeling of sites and artifacts of cultural heritage. A wide variety of objects, such as small pieces of pottery, statues, buildings, and large areas of archaeological sites, have been scanned and modeled for various purposes like preservation, reconstruction, study, and museum exhibitions. However, the use of TLS systems for stability control is still a research field not much investigated. In the view of in-depth investigation on this topic, a 3-years project has been established to evaluate the use of multiple surveying techniques for the stability control of a complex historical structure. To this aim, TLS, total station (TS) and photogrammetry are being employed for stability control monitoring with finite element model (FEM) analysis applied to an historical building, Teatro Olimpico (Olympic Theatre), in Vicenza, Italy. The main goal of this work is to analyze and verify the stability over time of this kind of structure by applying FEM analysis to a highly detailed 3D model of the theater. To date, three consecutive surveys of the theater have been carried out with consumer digital-reflex camera Nikon D200, a Leica Laser Scanner (HDS 3000) and a Leica Total Station (TCR 705). The first survey comprised approximately 250 pictures to derive a global and complete 3D model of theater with an inexpensive measuring and modeling photogrammetry software (Photomodeler). In the second study, the historical structure was fully surveyed with a TLS, the Leica HDS 3000, to produce a complete 3D model. A set of scans of complex elements, such as the wood trompe l'oeil onstage scenery, statues, and fine trim, were acquired in this stage. This article presents the results from the repeated surveys and highlights the issues and difficulties related to the laser scanning and photogrammetry of an unusual and complex geometry such as the one provided by the Olympic Theater in Vicenza.

The Use of Laser Scanning Technology to Improve the Design Process

Benchmarking competitor products helps a company to identify opportunities to improve their product relative to their competitors. This allows a company to determine the basic requirements of a new product, and target potential areas for improvement, particularly within the automotive industry where there is considerable growth and competition. Automotive firms have been increasingly focusing on development processes. Reducing time to market and improving quality whilst minimising cost. Laser scanning technology enables companies to make design and engineering improvements through the ability to analyse a competitor’s design. A case study of this generic process will be presented in this paper. The results have revealed that a company can create significant value-added activity, reduce the need for physical prototype costs and time, improve quality in new product development introduction.

Use of laser scanning technology for perimeter protection

The Police Scientific Branch (PSDB) is part of the Crime Reduction and Community Safety Group (CRCSG) of the Home Office. Part of PSDB's work includes evaluating and assessing new technologies for perimeter intrusion detection. Laser scanning technology has been used for some time in a range of industrial and commercial applications. These span from detecting hands when they are close to dangerous machinery to preventing collisions at container ports and monitoring manufacturing processes. Laser scanners are non-contact measurement systems and scan their surroundings two-dimensionally. This describes the application of laser scanning to physical security, including modifications to such systems for their use as perimeter intrusion detection systems (PIDS). In these systems, motion detection is provided by a pulsed laser beam by measuring the propagation time for the reflected beam to return to its source. Using this information, a contour plot of the surrounding area is built up. Once this contour information has been obtained, the detector can recognise the addition of an object to its field of view through a change in the programmed surroundings. Consequently, the size, shape, and direction of targets moving in the frame can be assessed and an alarm output given, if required. This explains the main operating principles of the systems, including mechanisms for the detection of a potential intruder and the handling of false alarms. Detection capabilities and the potential for low false alarm rates will be described, along with configurations for operational deployment.