Use Of Informal Language Research Articles

Pemanfaatan Natural Language Processing Untuk Pengecekan Ejaan Sesuai KBBI

Spelling mistakes in the Indonesian language often occur due to lack of knowledge of spelling rules, the influence of foreign languages, and the use of informal language. This research aims to develop a Natural Language Processing (NLP) based spelling checking system that refers to the Dictionary of Indonesian Language (KBBI). The system is expected to be able to perform automatic spelling verification and correction with high accuracy. The method used is qualitative with an analytic descriptive approach, involving data collection from the KBBI and processing using Python. The research stages include collection, data cleaning, tokenization, and data analysis. The system was trained using a large Indonesian text dataset. The results showed the system achieved a spelling check accuracy of 81.64%, more accurate, easy to use, flexible, and adaptive than conventional systems. The number of words in the text affects the checking time, with longer text taking longer.

Leveraging Social Media for Language Acquisition: Exploring How High School Students Use Facebook for English Language Learning (ELL)

This study investigates how high school students utilize Facebook to enhance their English language skills. Through interviews and content analysis, the research explores how Facebook exposes students to diverse English content, from news articles to social interactions. This exposure fosters incidental language learning, improving grammar, vocabulary, and current event awareness. Furthermore, Facebook facilitates communication skill development through casual interactions with other English speakers. However, the spread of misinformation and informal language use necessitates the development of critical thinking skills to ensure reliable information is gleaned and proper English is adopted. In conclusion, Facebook holds potential as a tool for English language learning when used strategically alongside other resources and a critical approach to information evaluation.

Analisis Kesalahan Umum dalam Tata Persuratan dan Upaya Pencegahannya: Studi Kasus di Yayasan Pendidikan Prima Swarga Bara (YPPSB)

The Prima Swarga Bara Education Foundation (YPPSB) recognizes the importance of proper and effective writing in ensuring good communication with various parties, including students, parents, staff, and partners. This research uses a qualitative approach with text analysis and interview methods to delve into the complexities of writing errors. This approach is chosen because the main focus of the research lies in identifying and understanding in depth the errors in official letters through careful analysis of letter examples. Analysis of common grammatical errors found, such as the use of incorrect words, ineffective sentences, and misuse of punctuation. In the case of the announcement letter for the results of the YPPSB PPDB 2021-2022, there is an error in the section "Dear Mr./Mrs." (should be "Dear Mr./Mrs. [Recipient Name]". In addition, there is the use of informal language that is not in accordance with the context of an official letter. Grammatical and spelling errors indicate a lack of attention to detail and professionalism on the part of the sender. This can make the recipient doubt the sender's credibility and ability to convey the message. Writing errors, such as grammatical, spelling, format, and structural errors, can have a serious impact on the recipient's perception and the overall effectiveness of communication.

Applying machine learning to assess emotional reactions to video game content streamed on Spanish Twitch channels

This research explores for the first time the application of machine learning to detect emotional responses in video game streaming channels, specifically on Twitch, the most widely used platform for broadcasting content. Analyzing sentiment in gaming contexts is difficult due to the brevity of messages, the lack of context, and the use of informal language, which is exacerbated in the gaming environment by slang, abbreviations, memes, and jargon. First, a novel Spanish corpus was created from chat messages on Spanish video game Twitch channels, manually labeled for polarity and emotions. It is noteworthy as the first Spanish corpus for analyzing social responses on Twitch. Secondly, machine learning algorithms were used to classify polarity and emotions offering promising evaluations. The methodology followed in this work consists of three main steps: (1) Extracting Twitch chat messages from Spanish streamers’ channels related to gaming events and gameplays; (2) Processing and selecting the messages to form the corpus and manually annotating polarity and emotions; and (3) Applying machine learning models to detect polarity and emotions in the created corpus. The results have shown that a Bidirectional Encoder Representation from Transformers (BERT) based model excels with 78% accuracy in polarity detection, while deep learning and Random Forest models reach around 70%. For emotion detection, the BERT model performs best with 68%, followed by deep learning with 55%. It is worth noting that emotion detection is more challenging due to the subjective interpretation of emotions in the complex communicative context of video gaming on platforms such as Twitch. The use of supervised learning techniques, together with the rigorous corpus labeling process and the subsequent corpus pre-processing methodology, has helped to mitigate these challenges, and the algorithms have performed well. The main limitations of the research involve category and video game representation balance. Finally, it is important to stress that the integration of machine learning in video games and on Twitch is innovative, by allowing the identification of viewers’ emotions on streamers’ channels. This innovation could bring benefits such as a better understanding of audience sentiment, improving content and audience retention, providing personalized recommendations and detecting toxic behavior in chats.

ENGAGING ADOLESCENTS IN FAMILY THERAPY: THE ROLE OF ENGLISH SLANG AND DIGITAL COMMUNICATION NORMS IN THERAPEUTIC SETTINGS

ABSTRACT
 Adolescence is a critical stage marked by rapid cognitive, emotional, and social development, often presenting challenges within familial relationships. Family therapy serves as a vital intervention to address these challenges, yet engaging adolescents in the therapeutic process can be complex. This review explores the significance of English slang and digital communication norms in facilitating rapport and effective communication between therapists and adolescents in family therapy settings. In contemporary society, English slang and digital communication have become integral aspects of adolescent culture. Adolescents frequently employ slang terms and digital platforms to express themselves, communicate with peers, and navigate their identities. However, these informal modes of communication may pose barriers in traditional therapeutic settings where formal language is often prioritized. Recognizing the importance of meeting adolescents on their own communicative terms, therapists are increasingly integrating slang and digital communication norms into family therapy sessions. By incorporating familiar language and mediums, therapists can create a more inclusive and relatable environment, fostering trust and engagement with adolescent clients. Moreover, the utilization of slang and digital communication norms in family therapy promotes authenticity and enhances the therapeutic alliance between adolescents and therapists. Adolescents feel understood and validated when therapists demonstrate an awareness and acceptance of their linguistic and technological preferences, leading to increased participation and investment in the therapeutic process. However, the integration of slang and digital communication in family therapy requires careful consideration and ethical awareness. Therapists must balance the use of informal language with maintaining professional boundaries and respect for cultural diversity. Additionally, therapists should remain mindful of the potential implications of digital communication, including privacy concerns and the blurring of therapeutic boundaries. Understanding and incorporating English slang and digital communication norms are essential for effectively engaging adolescents in family therapy. By embracing adolescents' preferred modes of expression, therapists can foster meaningful connections, facilitate communication, and promote positive therapeutic outcomes within the familial context.
 Keywords: Adolescent, Family, Therapy, Slang, Digital, Communication, Norm, English.

Engaging adolescents in family therapy: The role of English slang and digital communication norms in therapeutic settings

Adolescence is a critical stage marked by rapid cognitive, emotional, and social development, often presenting challenges within familial relationships. Family therapy serves as a vital intervention to address these challenges, yet engaging adolescents in the therapeutic process can be complex. This review explores the significance of English slang and digital communication norms in facilitating rapport and effective communication between therapists and adolescents in family therapy settings. In contemporary society, English slang and digital communication have become integral aspects of adolescent culture. Adolescents frequently employ slang terms and digital platforms to express themselves, communicate with peers, and navigate their identities. However, these informal modes of communication may pose barriers in traditional therapeutic settings where formal language is often prioritized. Recognizing the importance of meeting adolescents on their own communicative terms, therapists are increasingly integrating slang and digital communication norms into family therapy sessions. By incorporating familiar language and mediums, therapists can create a more inclusive and relatable environment, fostering trust and engagement with adolescent clients. Moreover, the utilization of slang and digital communication norms in family therapy promotes authenticity and enhances the therapeutic alliance between adolescents and therapists. Adolescents feel understood and validated when therapists demonstrate an awareness and acceptance of their linguistic and technological preferences, leading to increased participation and investment in the therapeutic process. However, the integration of slang and digital communication in family therapy requires careful consideration and ethical awareness. Therapists must balance the use of informal language with maintaining professional boundaries and respect for cultural diversity. Additionally, therapists should remain mindful of the potential implications of digital communication, including privacy concerns and the blurring of therapeutic boundaries. Understanding and incorporating English slang and digital communication norms are essential for effectively engaging adolescents in family therapy. By embracing adolescents' preferred modes of expression, therapists can foster meaningful connections, facilitate communication, and promote positive therapeutic outcomes within the familial context.

Investigating The Effects of Twitter on Students’ English Writing Skill

With a limited number of characters per tweet, writing on Twitter requires creativity. It is unique media format has not only revolutionized online communication but also created a distinct style of writing. In this case, Twitter stands as a platform that reflects the way we write and communicate in English. Researcher wants to investigate the effects of twitter on students’ English writing skill. This is a case study method. This method helps the researcher to identify the problem in detail information. The data collected from questionnaire in English writing learning process. The lecturer becomes the observer or researcher of the research. On the other hand, students become the object of the research. As the conclusion, Twitter had a significant impact on students' writing skills in English. It challenges them to express their thoughts succinctly and effectively within a limited number of characters, encouraging creativity. However, it can also lead to errors and the use of informal language. Meanwhile, Twitter provides exposure to a variety of content and interactions with people from diverse backgrounds, which improves grammatical understanding. It also helps expand vocabulary by offering different words in context.

Exploring the Impact of Informal Language on Sentiment Analysis Models for Social Media Text Using Convolutional Neural Networks

The present study sought to investigate the influence of informal language on the effectiveness of sentiment analysis models when applied to social media text. A Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) approach was employed, and the model was developed and trained on three distinct datasets: a sarcasm corpus, a sentiment corpus, and an emoticon corpus. The experimental design involved keeping the model architecture constant and training it on 80% of the data, followed by evaluating its performance on the remaining 20%. The results revealed that the model achieved a high accuracy of 96.47% on the sarcasm corpus, with class 1 exhibiting the lowest accuracy. The sentiment corpus yielded an accuracy of 95.28% for the model. The integration of the sarcasm and sentiment datasets resulted in a slight improvement in accuracy to 95.1%. The inclusion of the emoticon corpus had a marginal positive effect, resulting in an accuracy of 95.37%. These findings suggest that the use of informal language has minimal impact on the performance of sentiment analysis models applied to social media text. Furthermore, the incorporation of emoticon data may lead to a modest improvement in accuracy.

Game on: Notes on Language Learning Potentials Through MMORPGs’ Social and Motivational Dynamics

This paper explores the dynamic intersection between Massively Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Games (MMORPGs) and second language learning, focusing on the intertwined elements of motivation and social interaction. Through a review of existing research, including works by Peterson (2010), Zheng et al. (2009), Thorne et al. (2009), and Sylvén and Sundqvist (2017, 2012), the paper highlights how MMORPGs provide immersive and authentic contexts for language practice. MMORPGs foster receptive and productive language skills by engaging players in complex linguistic exchanges and culturally rich narratives. The intrinsic motivational aspects of gaming and the social dynamics of MMORPGs create an engaging learning environment. However, the paper also acknowledges challenges such as cognitive overload, the use of informal language, the potential propagation of incorrect language use, and the possibility of negative social interactions. In conclusion, while MMORPGs offer innovative platforms for language learning, careful consideration of their opportunities and challenges is essential. The article calls for continued exploration and thoughtful implementation to fully harness the educational potential of MMORPGs in language education.

Solidarity-Based Content Sharing on Social Media: A Closer Look at the Language Style among Millennial Social Platform Users

Social Media platforms have shaped diverse linguistic issues through informal language use, language adaptation and change, linguistic creativity and global communication. The current study reveals the issues about investigating about language style and linguistic form of solidarity expression used by the millennial community on social media platforms. Thirty respondents who aged about 23-43 years old considered as millennial participated in this study and inquired through open-ended questionnaire. The data was probed by using grounded theory proposed by Creswell. The findings exposed that language style were realized for certain communication purposes and based-social context oriented, solidarity expression was shown through a different linguistic form to reveal ideas, feeling, empathy, caring, respect, moral justice and kinds of arguments. after deeply investigated, there were four types of language styles that are dominantly used by millennial on this social media platform, namely formal language style, informal language style, slang language style and colloquial language style, unfortunately, many people abuse social media as a platform for venting their anger and their disappointment by using disrespectful language and behaviors are frequently observed online. Consequently, this scholarly paper also provides advice on the user of social media platform must possess a range of skills including linguistic knowledge, sociocultural knowledge, and the ability to use language in appropriate ways depending on the specific communicative context.

EMPOWERING GEN Z: ENHANCING ENGLISH SPEAKING SKILLS THROUGH TECHNOLOGY AND AUTHENTIC COMMUNICATION

This research article explores effective strategies to enhance English speaking skills among Generation Z (Gen Z) learners, known as the first truly digital-native generation. Despite their extensive exposure to English media, many Gen Z individuals face challenges in developing their English speaking proficiency. This mixed-methods study employs surveys and qualitative interviews to collect data on the perceived effectiveness of various strategies. The findings highlight the crucial role of technology in English speaking development, with digital language learning applications and online language exchange platforms being recognized as potent tools. Moreover, the study emphasizes the significance of authentic communication experiences, such as role-plays and debates, and the value of peer collaboration in improving English speaking skills. Common challenges identified include time constraints and the influence of informal language use. Consequently, the implications of this research underscore the integration of technology, the promotion of authentic communication, the facilitation of peer collaboration, and the implementation of strategies to address time constraints in English language instruction for Gen Z learners. By adopting these approaches, educators and policymakers can establish engaging learning environments that empower Gen Z learners to thrive in our interconnected society.

Using online machine translation in international scholarly writing and publishing: A longitudinal case of a Chinese engineering scholar

AbstractScholars who use English as an additional language (EAL) worldwide are under increasing pressure to write and publish in English due to the pervasive publish‐or‐perish culture and the growing dominance of English in academia. While previous studies have focused either on textual differences between EAL scholars' writing and native writers', or explored the difficulties EAL scholars meet and strategies they employ in the process, this paper examines a longitudinal case of a Chinese engineering scholar using online machine translation (MT) to support his academic writing and publishing in English. Drawing from the technology acceptance model as the theoretical background, this study shows that online MT can be a crucial support for scholars with limited English proficiency in the process of preparing a manuscript, submitting it and communicating with editors and reviewers. Frequently occurring problems in machine‐translated academic texts include improper use of technical terms, use of informal language and the inclusion of grammatical mistakes. However, in the last decade, online MT has made great improvements in academic translation. We believe these findings can empower EAL scholars to effectively use online MT in academic English writing and inspire educators to help novice scholars mobilize various high‐tech tools such as online MT to support their writing and international publishing.

Emirati University Students’ Use of the Request Speech Act in Arabic in Email Communication with Faculty

Students’ academic performance is greatly affected by their communication skills, a significant one of which is email writing. Due to technological advances and the distance education imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic, a great deal of communication between students and professors is in the form of email communication. Students’ inattention to the rules of this particular genre may result in face-threatening situations. Prompted by the lack of research on university students’ utilization of the request speech act in Arabic emails, this study investigated 96 Emirati first-year students’ request behaviors in Arabic in communication with university professors. Data were collected using a discourse-completion task and an evaluation form filled in by two judges. Results showed that the students mostly produced a direct request speech act. However, a significant number of them failed to follow the expected discourse structure often omitting the subject line, not thanking or writing their names at the end. The judges thought the emails were generally respectful. However, they felt they were not appropriate, which was mainly caused by the frequent mistakes with spelling, punctuation, and vocabulary. There were also instances of informal language use and grammatical errors. Based on these results, recommendations are provided focusing on awareness-raising and practice activities.

These Students Can’t Write: An Examination of Cohesion and Coherence in Essays Written by the University of Botswana ESL Undergraduate Students

University lecturers in English as a Second Language (ESL) contexts are generally concerned about their students’ writing incompetence. Similarly, at the University of Botswana (UB) lecturers are usually heard saying that “these students cannot write”. Previous research attributes problems of writing to, among others, students’ lack of mastery of academic writing conventions, inability to analyse topics, and poor sentence skills. These problems undoubtedly contribute to the lack of cohesion and coherence in the students’ written essays. The focus of this study, therefore, was to investigate the cohesion and coherence of the essays written by the UB first year undergraduate Social Sciences students by specifically: a) Investigating the type of cohesive devices used in the essays. b) Identifying the problems of cohesion in the essays. c) Examining the coherence problems in the essays. d) Identifying other writing problems in the students’ essays. The terms cohesion and coherence in the context of this study briefly refer to the linguistic, organizational and semantic connectedness, readability, meaningfulness and relevance of a text or essay as perceived by the authors of this study who are experts in this field. A mixed research design of analyzing the essays and orally interviewing the students was adopted in this study to identify the cohesive devices used in them. The findings of this study were informed by Halliday and Hassan’s (1976) taxonomy of cohesive devices and their framework. The findings revealed that conjunctions and reference were used more frequently than substitution, vocabulary, and ellipsis. Other writing problems identified in the essays include the use of informal language, overlong sentences, redundancy, run-on sentences, fused sentences, comma splices, sentence fragments, awkward and/or meaningless sentences, and use of wrong words.

Critical Discourse Analysis of Language on Facebook used in Birthday Wishes by Generation Z

The present study analyzes the language used in birthday wishes and how social power is legitimized by Generation Z. It examines the relationship between the language used in birthday wishes messages, events and practices, as well as social and cultural structure and relations to comprehend how power relations influence the ideological formation of the texts. The status notification of 10 Facebook friends belonging to Generation Z is chosen in the constant experimental sampling method. The analysis was conducted following Fairclough's Critical Discourse Analysis with the critical linguistic approach. The study shows that the language of birthday wishes on facebook is dominated by the function of the language as a medium of self expression and interaction. The use of informal language influences language proficiency, language variation of gender, and socio-culture practices are a common form of text production.

THE USE OF INFORMAL LANGUAGE IN THESIS PROPOSAL: AN ANALYSIS OF EFL UNIVERSITY STUDENTS’ WRITINGS

Informal languages are often used in ordinary and casual communication in both written and spoken forms, but it is inappropriate if individuals use informal language in academic writing. In some cases, students still use informal expressions in academic writing such as thesis proposals. This study identified the use of informal languages in students’ thesis proposals. Specifically, the study examined the elements of informality and types of informal languages that students frequently use when writing a thesis proposal. By using a qualitative method, this study analyzed 15 students’ thesis proposals. The findings found that there are seven elements of informality covering pronouns, conjunction, listing expressions, contraction, adverbs, segment fragment, and direct questions. The types of informal language that students frequently use are pronouns, conjunctions, and listing expressions. The findings further indicate that the use of informal language is not only at a morphological but also syntactic level.

Detecting and Understanding Sentiment Trends and Emotion Patterns of Twitter Users—A Study on the Demise of a Bollywood Celebrity

Detecting societal sentiment trends and emotion patterns is of great interest. Due to the time-varying nature of these patterns and trends this detection can be a challenging task. In this paper, the emotion patterns and trends are detected among social media users in a certain case and it is noted that the detection of the trends and patterns is especially difficult in this medium because of the use of informal language. In particular, the role of social networks in the expression of emotions relating to the death of a well-known and loved Bollywood actor Sushant Singh Rajput (SSR) by their fans is explored. The data for the analysis of the emotional state and the sentiment levels of the fans has been acquired from Twitter posts. Different existing sentiment analysis algorithms were compared for the study and chosen for identifying the sentiment trend over a specific timeline of events. The same Twitter posts were also analyzed for emotional content by extracting linguistic features using the psycholinguistic package, Linguistic Inquiry and the Word Count package (LIWC), relating to emotions. Additionally, viral hashtags extracted from the Twitter posts have been segmented and analyzed in order to identify new viral hashtags expressed by the posts over time. The associations between the old and new viral hashtags and between sentiment trends and emotional shifts among the fan base of SSR have been determined and presented graphically.

Lexical variation in English language podcasts, editorial media, and social media


 
 
 The study presented in this paper demonstrates how transcribed podcast material differs with respect to lexical content from other collections of English language data: editorial text, social media, both long form and microblogs, dialogue from movie scripts, and transcribed phone conversations. Most of the recorded differences are as might be expected, reflecting known or assumed difference between spoken and written language, between dialogue and soliloquy, and between scripted formal and unscripted informal language use. Most notably, podcast material, compared to the hitherto typical training sets from editorial media, is characterised by being in the present tense, and with a much higher incidence of pronouns, interjections, and negations. These characteristics are, unsurprisingly, largely shared with social media texts. Where podcast material differs from social media material is in its attitudinal content, with many more amplifiers and much less negative attitude than in blog texts. This variation, besides being of philological interest, has ramifications for computational work. Information access for material which is not primarily topical should be designed to be sensitive to such variation that defines the data set itself and discriminates items within it. In general, training sets for language models are a non-trivial parameter which are likely to show effects both expected and unexpected when applied to data from other sources and the characteristics and provenance of data used to train a model should be listed on the label as a minimal form of downstream consumer protection.
 
 

The Use of Code Switching and Code Meshing in Today's Youth Speech

Young people today tend to use informal language in communicating orally and in writing, in expressing themselves in front of their community or friends, but at the same time they will change their use of language into formal language when they interact with people whose position or position is above them, whether they realize it or not. The use of informal language in expressing themselves by young people is called "code-meshing", the change in the language used is called "code-switching". This research is qualitative research that uses "screenshot chat" of these students in their "WhatsApp" group and also in a private "chat" with researchers as research data, which later be classified as "code-switching" and also how they express themselves by using informal language which will later be classified as "code-meshing". The code-switching action taken is based on the understanding of the language that these students have, they understand not only Indonesian but also understand foreign languages ​​and their respective regional languages, not only the standard language they can use but also non-standard or non-standard languages. usually called 'slang' language they understand it. Code-meshing arises because of a sense of comfort in the way a speaker expresses it. This happens because they feel comfortable using words to express themselves that they still can't let go of.

The influence of narrative description on the success of crowdfunding campaigns: The moderating role of quality signals

Launching crowdfunding campaigns for new products and ideas is popular, and quality signals, such as endorsement and past success, can indicate the likelihood of the success of future projects. However, as these signals are not always available, creators, especially new ones, must rely on other signals, such as narrative quality. Building on the emerging literature on rhetorical signaling, we investigate the moderating effect of narrative quality on the relationship between risk/reward rhetoric and crowdfunding success. We show that risk (reward) rhetoric negatively (positively) affects campaign success. Thereafter, we introduce two new signals (narrative structural quality and narrative wording quality). Using a sample of 331,060 Kickstarter campaigns from 2009 to 2018, we empirically show that the use of punctuation positively moderates the relationship between risk/reward rhetoric and success, whereas the use of informal language negatively moderates this relationship. Interestingly, this moderating effect is similar to that of traditional signals such as endorsement and past success.