Use Of Hyper Research Articles

Evaluation of Hypericum perforatum mother tincture as an antigingivitis agent in comparison with Chlorhexidine: A randomised controlled trial

Background: Homoeopathic medicine Hypericum perforatum (Hyper.) has antimicrobial, wound healing and anti-inflammatory activity. It has been used as an analgesic postextraction, for nerve pain, burning mouth syndrome singly, or in combination with other Homoeopathy medications. Objective: Evaluation of the efficacy of Hyper. Q in reducing dental plaque and gingival inflammation. Materials and Methods: Three hundred and eighteen participants with chronic gingivitis (probing depth ≤ 3 mm) and bleeding gums were recruited and allocated randomly into three groups (n = 106 each): Group A (saline mouthwash), Group B (Hyper.) and Group C (Chlorhexidine [CHX]). Clinical parameters: Plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), sulcus bleeding index (SBI) and oral hygiene index simplified (OHIS) were measured at baseline, first, third and sixth month. Results: All the three groups showed a statistically significant reduction in the PI, GI, SBI and OHIS (P 0.05). Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that the use of Hyper. Q as mouthwash significantly reduces plaque and gingival inflammation as compared to saline as mouthwash. However, CHX was found better than Hyper. Future research on use of Hyper. Q, dosage, substantiality and antimicrobial properties is warranted for its potential clinical use.

Estudio de prevalencia de lesiones por presión en un Hospital Universitario, Bogotá-Colombia

Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de las LPP (Lesiones por presión) en pacientes hospitalizados, entre septiembre y noviembre del año 2016, en un Hospital Universitario de Bogotá, Colombia. Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo, transversal, de prevalencia de periodo que utilizó como instrumento una encuesta elaborada a partir de las directrices del Grupo Nacional para el Estudio y Asesoramiento de Úlceras por Presión y Heridas Crónicas GNEAUPP 2003. Los datos recolectados se obtuvieron a partir de las historias clínicas, valoración de enfermería y preguntas directas. Resultados: Se encontraron 40 pacientes con LPP en 282 camas, para una prevalencia de un 14.1 %; predomina el sexo masculino con un 67.5 %; las edades oscilan entre los 75 y 85 años. El 40 % estaba hospitalizado en medicina interna, la mayoría pertenecía al régimen subsidiado en un 87.5 %. La etiología de la lesión fue de 92.5 % por presión y de un 47.5 % por humedad, clasifi cadas en fases 1 y 2 el 30 %. Se encontraron pacientes con más de dos LPP en un 30 %, la localización más común fue el talón con un 30 %. Se acentúa el desconocimiento sobre el uso de los Ácidos Grasos Hiperoxigenados en las superfi cies especiales para el manejo de la presión. Conclusión: Como resultado se observa que el estudio es similar a otros realizados en el país. Igualmente, se percibe que datos como las características de las LPP, su etiología y las medidas de prevención utilizados en la institución, son la base para el análisis general del fenómeno, ya que permite conocer el comportamiento de las LPP en el contexto nacional. Así mismo, se constituyen en insumos que contribuyen a construir un plan de cuidado integral así como su implementación, a partir de medidas educativas que sensibilicen al equipo de salud sobre la atención segura del paciente.

Aquaporins facilitate hydrogen peroxide entry into guard cells to mediate ABA- and pathogen-triggered stomatal closure

Stomatal movements are crucial for the control of plant water status and protection against pathogens. Assays on epidermal peels revealed that, similar to abscisic acid (ABA), pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) flg22 requires the AtPIP2;1 aquaporin to induce stomatal closure. Flg22 also induced an increase in osmotic water permeability (Pf) of guard cell protoplasts through activation of AtPIP2;1. The use of HyPer, a genetic probe for intracellular hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), revealed that both ABA and flg22 triggered an accumulation of H2O2 in wild-type but not pip2;1 guard cells. Pretreatment of guard cells with flg22 or ABA facilitated the influx of exogenous H2O2 Brassinosteroid insensitive 1-associated receptor kinase 1 (BAK1) and open stomata 1 (OST1)/Snf1-related protein kinase 2.6 (SnRK2.6) were both necessary to flg22-induced Pf and both phosphorylated AtPIP2;1 on Ser121 in vitro. Accumulation of H2O2 and stomatal closure as induced by flg22 was restored in pip2;1 guard cells by a phosphomimetic form (Ser121Asp) but not by a phosphodeficient form (Ser121Ala) of AtPIP2;1. We propose a mechanism whereby phosphorylation of AtPIP2;1 Ser121 by BAK1 and/or OST1 is triggered in response to flg22 to activate its water and H2O2 transport activities. This work establishes a signaling role of plasma membrane aquaporins in guard cells and potentially in other cellular context involving H2O2 signaling.

Real-time imaging of intracellular hydrogen peroxide in pancreatic islets.

A real-time method to measure intracellular hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) would be very impactful in characterizing rapid changes that occur in physiologic and pathophysiologic states. Current methods do not provide the sensitivity, specificity and spatiotemporal resolution needed for such experiments on intact cells. We developed the use of HyPer, a genetic indicator for H2O2 that can be expressed in the cytosol (cyto-HyPer) or the mitochondria (mito-HyPer) of live cells. INS-1 cells or islets were permeabilized and the cytosolic HyPer signal was a linear function of extracellular H2O2, allowing fluorescent cyto-HyPer signals to be converted into H2O2 concentrations. Glucose increased cytosolic H2O2, an effect that was suppressed by overexpression of catalase. Large perturbations in pH can influence the HyPer signal, but inclusion of HEPES [4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid] in the perfusate prevented pH changes, but did not affect glucose-induced cyto-HyPer signals, suggesting that this effect is largely pH-independent. Using the assay, two fundamental questions were addressed. Knockdown of superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), the mitochondrial form of SOD, completely suppressed glucose-induced H2O2 Furthermore, glucose also induced mitochondrial superoxide and H2O2 production, which preceded the appearance of cytosolic H2O2 Therefore, glucose-induced H2O2 largely originated from mitochondria. Finally, the glucose-induced HyPer signal was less than 1/20th of that induced by toxic levels of H2O2 Overall, the use of HyPer for real-time imaging allowed resolution of acute changes in intracellular levels of H2O2 and will have great utility for islet studies involving mechanisms of H2O2-mediated signaling and oxidative stress.

Use of a genetically encoded hydrogen peroxide sensor for whole cell screening of enzyme activity

We report the use of HyPer, a genetically encoded, fluorescent sensor that reacts with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), in a novel screen to engineer enzymes for enhanced production of H2O2. We co-expressed HyPer with cytochrome P450 BM3 variants and, using HyPer's ratiometric signal, found variants that produce greater amounts of H2O2 than the wild-type enzyme through the leakage reaction. The screen avoids lysis procedures and the addition of reagents to assay intracellular contents. Less laborious screening procedures will be useful in engineering more powerful H2O2 generators as tools in quantitative redox biology, and increasing the utility of enzymes that produce H2O2 as a by-product alongside a valuable compound.

Hyper, a hydrogen peroxide sensor, indicates the sensitivity of the Arabidopsis root elongation zone to aluminum treatment.

Emerging evidence indicates that some reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as the superoxide anion radical and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), are central regulators of plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. Thus, the cellular levels of ROS are thought to be tightly regulated by an efficient and elaborate pro- and antioxidant system that modulates the production and scavenging of ROS. Until recently, studies of ROS in plant cells have been limited to biochemical assays and the use of fluorescent probes; however, the irreversible oxidation of these fluorescent probes makes it impossible to visualize dynamic changes in ROS levels. In this work, we describe the use of Hyper, a recently developed live cell probe for H2O2 measurements in living cells, to monitor oxidative stress in Arabidopsis roots subjected to aluminum treatment. Hyper consists of a circularly permuted YFP (cpYFP) inserted into the regulatory domain of the Escherichia coli hydrogen peroxide-binding protein (OxyR), and is a H2O2-specific ratiometric, and therefore quantitative, probe that can be expressed in plant and animal cells. Now we demonstrate that H2O2 levels drop sharply in the elongation zone of roots treated with aluminum. This response could contribute to root growth arrest and provides evidence that H2O2 is involved in early Al sensing.

Improving the k-compressibility of Hyper Reduced Order Models with moving sources: Applications to welding and phase change problems

The simulation of engineering problems is quite often a complex task that can be time consuming. In this context, the use of Hyper Reduced Order Models (HROMs) is a promising alternative for real-time simulations. In this work, we study the design of HROMs for non-linear problems with a moving source. Applications to nonlinear phase change problems with temperature dependent thermophysical properties are particularly considered; however, the techniques developed can be applied in other fields as well.A basic assumption in the design of HROMs is that the quantities that will be hyper-reduced are k-compressible in a certain basis in the sense that these quantities have at most k non-zero significant entries when expressed in terms of that basis. To reach the computational speed required for a real-time application, k must be small. This work examines different strategies for addressing hyper-reduction of the nonlinear terms with the objective of obtaining k-compressible signals with a notably small k. To improve performance and robustness, it is proposed that the different contributing terms to the residual are separately hyper-reduced. Additionally, the use of moving reference frames is proposed to simulate and hyper-reduce cases that contain moving heat sources. Two application examples are presented: the solidification of a cube in which no heat source is present and the welding of a tube in which the problem posed by a moving heat source is analysed.

The association between antidepressant use and disturbances in glucose homeostasis: evidence from spontaneous reports.

ObjectivesDepression is common in patients with diabetes, and the use of antidepressants may impair glycaemic control. We assessed the association between antidepressant use and hyper- and hypoglycaemia.MethodsBased on spontaneous reports listed in the World Health Organization (WHO) Adverse Drug Reaction Database, a case-control study was conducted. The study base consisted of all adverse drug reactions (ADRs) ascribed to antidepressants, antipsychotics and benzodiazepines between 1969 and 2005. Cases were defined as reported ADRs classified as hyper- or hypoglycaemia and separated in different study populations. All other reports were considered as controls. Exposure to antidepressants was the primary determinant investigated. Benzodiazepines and antipsychotics were chosen as reference groups. Potential confounding factors, namely, age, gender, use of antidiabetic medication, use of hyper- or hypoglycaemia-inducing comedication and reporting year, were determined on the index date. Multivariate logistic regression was used to evaluate the strength of the association, which was expressed as reporting odds ratios (RORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).ResultsOverall, the use of antidepressants was associated with hyperglycaemia [ROR 1.52 (95% CI: 1.20–1.93)] and of hypoglycaemia [ROR 1.84 (95% CI: 1.40–2.42)]. The association with hyperglycaemia was most pronounced for antidepressants with affinity for the 5-HT2c receptor, histamine-1 receptor and norepinephrinic (NE) reuptake transporter. The association with hypoglycaemia was most pronounced for antidepressants with affinity for the serotonin reuptake transporter.ConclusionThe results of this study strengthen the findings in individual case reports that the use of antidepressants is associated with disturbances in glucose homeostasis.

Hyper-Rayleigh Scattering Studies of Model Silver-Based Imaging Materials—II

We have extended our studies on the use of Hyper–Rayleigh Scattering spectroscopy (HRS) as a tool for studying surface chemical characteristics of nanosize AgBr particles to include: (a) metathetical reaction of iodide ion with AgBr; (b) formation of the AgBr-Ag carboxylate interface; (c) heterogeneous reduction of AgBr to Ag(0); (d) initial stages of sulfur sensitization; and (e) of gold sensitization. By coupling measurement of hyperpolarizability changes concurrent with these various reactions with characterization of the wavelength dispersion of HRS, we inferred formation of a separate AgI phase even at low levels of conversion of AgBr, as well as a role for adsorbed silver ions in surface second harmonic generation from AgBr itself. Similarly we showed that undecanoate anion reacts reversibly with the AgBr surface and that the adsorbate, presumably silver undecanoate, introduces a new characteristic electronic transition, resonant with second harmonic scattering, at 2.97 eV. Carboxylate anions also appear to catalyze oxidation of silver(0) species at the AgBr surface. Thioacetamide, a prototypical sulfur sensitizing reagent, chemisorbs reversibly to AgBr, producing a dramatic enhancement of surface hyperpolarizability. Some reduction of AgBr to silver(0) seems to accompany introduction of this reagent under our conditions. Inference of formation or bleaching of silver(0) species hinges on assignment of an electronic transition at ca. 470 nm, resonant with HRS, which is observed on addition of dimethylamineborane complex to AgBr, to silver(0) clusters. Gold, as KAuCl4, was observed by our probes to react with AgBr only in the presence of silver(0); we infer disproportionation of Au(I) at the silver(0) centers, and incorporation of gold into the silver clusters.

Halotolerance of the oyster predator, Imogine mcgrathi, a stylochid flatworm from Port Stephens, New South Wales, Australia

The stylochid flatworm, Imogine mcgrathi was confirmed as a predator of the pteriid oyster Pinctada imbricata. Occurring at an average of 3.2 per oyster spat collector bag, the flatworms were found to consume oysters at a rate of 0.035–0.057 d−1 in laboratory trials. Predation was affected by flatworm size with larger worms capable of consuming larger oysters and of consuming greater dry weights of oyster flesh. Irrespective of flatworm size, predation was generally confined to oysters less than 40 mm in shell height. Although all predation occurred at night, shading flatworms during the day did not significantly increase the rate of predation, but there were significant increases in the dry weight of oyster meat consumed. As a means of controlling flatworm infestations, salt, brine baths (250 g kg−1) and freshwater baths were effective in killing I. mcgrathi. The ease of use of hyper- or hyposaline baths then encouraged assessments of I. mcgrathi halotolerance. The flatworms were exposed to solutions ranging in salinity from 0 to 250 g kg−1for periods of from 5 min to 3 h. Despite showing both behavioural and physiological signs of stress, I. mcgrathi survived the maximum exposure time of 3 h at salinities in the range 7.5–60 g kg−1, inclusive. Beyond this range, the duration of exposure tolerated by flatworms decreased until 0 and 250 g kg−1, at which the flatworms no longer survived the minimum tested exposure of 5 min. Thus, despite the significant impact of other stylochids on commercial bivalves, at their current prevalence, I. mcgrathi can be controlled by exposing them to hyper- and hyposaline baths for the culture of P. imbricata in Port Stephens, NSW, Australia.