Use Of Herbal Preparations Research Articles

Phytochemical, Mineral and Proximate Analysis of Herbal Tea Formulated for Malaria Management

The use of herbal tea preparations in the management of malaria infection has led to an increase in the production and research interest in teas. The readily available and cheap plant materials for production has made research efforts to be tailored towards development of different herbal tea preparations. In this study, the herbal tea, specially formulated for management of malaria infection, was subjected to various analysis. Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical determination indicated presence of saponin (9.71mg/100g), tannin (46.43mg/100g), phenols (904.01mg/100g), flavonoids (24.56mg/100g) and alkaloid (20.68mg/100g). The mineral component determination indicated that it was rich in Potassium (1.80 ppm), Magnesium (0.328 ppm) and Sodium (24.95ppm). Some heavy metals such as Cadmium (2.80ppm) and Iron (10.21ppm) were also detected. Proximate analysis carried out indicated moisture content (6.58%), Ash (9.23%), Carbohydrate (70.36%), Crude lipids (1.07%), Crude fibre (3.11%) and Crude protein (9.58%). Results shows that all the phytochemicals needed to fight malaria parasite are present in the herbal tea formulation. The mineral contents fall within World Health Organization acceptable level except for Cadmium and Iron.

Benefícios e riscos do uso de plantas medicinais durante a gravidez

Pregnancy is a unique moment in a woman's life, requiring special care to ensure her and the baby's health. Many women find relief from common pregnancy symptoms, such as nausea and insomnia, through the use of herbal preparations. However, not all are safe during pregnancy, and can cause complications and damage to the fetus. This study aimed to address which plants are beneficial for pregnant women, as well as those that may present risks. Studies mention ginger as a safe option to treat nausea and vomiting during pregnancy, while cranberry may have therapeutic properties in preventing urinary tract infections. However, the scientific evidence on the use of these plants during pregnancy is still limited. Some plants, such as Pimpinella, may have beneficial effects at certain stages of pregnancy, but risks at others, while guarana, “erva-santa”, boldo, aloe vera and senna are contraindicated due to the associated risks. The use of medicinal plants during pregnancy requires caution, and it is necessary to evaluate with a qualified professional the benefits and plant-specific risks before using them, to ensure safety and efficacy.

Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth – current, novel and possible future methods of treatment and diagnosis

Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) is a prevalent issue, frequently overlooked in clinical practice. Its prevalence is unknown because SIBO requires diagnostic testing, however, in most studies, SIBO has been detected anywhere from <2% to 22% of healthy controls. Breath tests, which detect the presence of hydrogen in exhaled air, are the most used diagnostic method. However, their low sensitivity and specificity indicate the need for research into new more accurate methods. The standard treatment is antibiotic therapy with rifaximin. After antibiotic therapy, there is a risk of recurrence and the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacterial strains. Recurrence ratio after antibiotic therapy have been documented in 12.6% of patients after 3 months, 27.5% after 6 months and 43.7% after 9 months. There are promising results from studies on the use of probiotics and herbal preparations in treatment, but these studies have been conducted on relatively small groups of patients. This indicates the need for multicentre randomised trials with large numbers of patients to develop effective methods for the diagnosis and treatment of SIBO.

Fabrication of carotenoid enriched Crocus sativus w/o nanoemulsion: Optimization and pharmaceutical characterization

Herbal-based preparations have progressively attracted more interest nowadays due to multiple therapeutic approaches. Major concerns with the use of herbal preparations and their application as functional ingredients are about their stability, solubility, and bioaccessibility. Crocus sativus is one of the crucial nootropic traditional herbs, rich in potential phytochemicals used for the treatment of long-standing disorders. Many studies have suggested that the bioactive present in C. sativus extract may undergo enzymatic degradation in the intestine and hence less bioavailable at the site of action. A novel drug delivery approach to herbal preparation may combat the associated challenge. The present research focuses on the feasibility of developing w/o nanoemulsion incorporating the carotenoid-enriched C. sativus extract by spontaneous emulsification method. Critical process variables were optimized using 32 factorial design with Design of Expert software. The optimized formulation of w/o nanoemulsion comprising 9 mg/ml of C. sativus extracts with 12% internal phase, 21% S-mix, and 67% oil phase produced a globule size of 94.34 nm. The total content present in the nanoemulsion was 83% bioactive determined by the High Performance Liquid Chromatography- Photo Diode Array (HPLC-PDA) method. Further characterization, the Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) images showed the overall nanoemulsion system morphology with uniform distribution of globules of the internal phase. The in vitro release of bioactives from developed nanoemulsion showed an initial burst release of 60% at 1 hour following slow drug release. Results demonstrated that w/o nanoemulsion of C. sativus extract overcome the associated challenges and may reserve its space for medicinal application.

HYPOLIPIDEMIC ACTIVITY OF THE PHYTOCOMPLEX OF THE HERB PHACELIA TANACETIFOLIA BENTH.

Introduction. The use of phenolic compounds as agents for preventing the risk of developing various cardiovascular diseases, as well as the prospect of creating new modern highly effective drugs based on them, is of current practical interest. The aim of the study is to identify the hypolipidemic activity of the phytocomplex of the herb Phacelia tanacetifolia Benth., and the possibility of its use in herbal preparations for the treatment of diseases of the cardiovascular system. Material and methods. The object of research was a herb of phacelia tanacetifolia, grown in the Neftekumsky region. The herb was collected during flowering and dried by air-shadowing method. The study of hypolipidemic activity was carried out on 24 white female Wistar rats weighing 270290 g. In the experiment, a Tween model of hyperlipidemia was created and used: a single intraperitoneal injection of Tween-80 at a dose of 250 mg / 100 g of body weight. Lipid profile analysis was carried out on a biochemical analyzer RAL CLIMA MC-15 using reagents from DiaSys, manufactured in Germa-ny. Results. Based on the level of triglycerides and very low density lipoproteins, it was found that the phytocomplex significantly exceeded the values of the reference drug (fenofibrate-canon). Conclusions. In conditions of twin hyperlipidemia, therapeutic and prophylactic administration of the Phacelia tanacetifolia phytocomplex at a dose of 300 mg/kg helps to normalize blood serum lipid metabolism.

Acute bronchitis: place, role and effectiveness of phytotherapy

Introduction. An urgent issue of modern medicine is still early diagnosis and treatment of virus-associated respiratory infections. In this context, infectious lesions of the tracheobronchial tree, associated with a high incidence and limited use of drug therapy, are of particular relevance. Analysis of individual mechanisms for the development of acute bronchitis will allow you to choose the addition of course treatment with herbal remedies with high efficiency and safety.Aim. Based on the clinical and epidemiological analysis of the incidence of acute bronchitis and the study of the pathogenetic mechanisms of the development of the disease, to determine the effectiveness of the use of herbal preparations in the course of preventive treatment.Materials and methods. An open, controlled, comparative clinical study was conducted on 63 patients with a diagnosis of acute bronchitis of viral etiology of preventive use in the complex therapy of a phytopreparation containing an extract of common ivy leaves and to evaluate its clinical efficacy and safety.Results. Analysis of the literature showed a high incidence of acute bronchitis during the outbreak of acute respiratory viral infections, the variability of the clinical course and the need to use additional methods of treatment. An early positive trend was noted in people who, in addition to standard therapy, used a phytopreparation containing an extract of ordinary ivy leaves in comparison with preparations of the amino acid derivative of cysteine relief of all symptoms already on the 5th day. The drug was easily tolerated by patients; no side effects were observed.Conclusions. Preventive use in the complex therapy of acute bronchitis, herbal preparations with mucolytic action, which facilitate sputum discharge, allows for a faster recovery.

Effects of Plant-Based Supplement on Oxidative Stress of Honey Bees (Apis mellifera) Infected with Nosema ceranae.

One of the most important approaches in the prevention and treatment of nosemosis is the use of herbal preparations as food supplements for bees. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a plant-based supplement branded as "B+" on honeybees in a laboratory experiment. Four experimental groups were established: treated group (T), N. ceranae-infected and treated group (IT), N. ceranae-infected group (I) and non-infected group (NI). Survival, N. ceranae spore load and oxidative stress parameters together with expression levels of antioxidant enzyme genes and vitellogenin gene were monitored. The mortality in the T, IT and NI groups was significantly (p < 0.001) lower than in than in the I group. Within Nosema-infected groups, the IT group had a significantly lower (p < 0.001) number of N. ceranae spores than the I group. In addition, expression levels of genes for antioxidant enzymes were lower (p < 0.001) in the IT group compared to the I group. The concentration of malondialdehyde and the activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione S-transferase) were significantly lower (p < 0.001) in the IT group compared to the I group. No negative effects of the tested supplement were observed. All these findings indicate that the tested supplement exerted beneficial effects manifested in better bee survival, reduced N. ceranae spore number and reduced oxidative stress of bees (lower expression of genes for antioxidant enzymes and oxidative stress parameters).

Safety Concerns Related to the Simultaneous Use of Prescription or Over-the-Counter Medications and Herbal Medicinal Products: Survey Results among Latvian Citizens.

The use of herbal medicines is increasing worldwide. While the safety profile of many herbal medicines is promising, the data in the literature show important interactions with conventional drugs that can expose individual patients to high risk. The aim of this study was to investigate the experience of the use of herbal medicines and preparations and the risks of interactions between herbal and conventional medicines among Latvian citizens. Data were collected between 2019 and 2021 using a structured questionnaire designed for pharmacy customers in Latvia. Electronic databases such as Drugs.com, Medscape, and European Union herbal monographs were reviewed for the risk of drug interactions and potential side effects when herbal medicines were involved. The survey included 504 respondents. Of all the participants, 77.8% used herbal preparations. Most of the participants interviewed used herbal remedies based on the recommendation of the pharmacist or their own initiative. A total of 38.3% found the use of herbal remedies safe and harmless, while 57.3% of respondents regarded the combination of herbal and regular drugs as unsafe. The identified herbal medicines implicated in the potential risk of serious interactions were grapefruit, St. John's wort, and valerian. As the risks of herb-drug interactions were identified among the respondents, in the future, both pharmacy customers and healthcare specialists should pay more attention to possible herb-drug interactions of over-the-counter and prescription medications.

Phytochemicals and biological activities of &lt;i&gt;Tetrapleura tetraptera&lt;/i&gt; seed extracts

Tetrapleura tetraptera, also known commonly as Prekese or Aidan fruit in Ghana and Nigeria, respectively, is noted for its use in herbal preparations. The fruit in particular is employed as an ingredient in traditional medicine and as a spice across West-Africa. The seed, which forms part of the fruit, is discarded together with the spent fruit. This study aimed to evaluate the phytochemical composition as well as the biological activity of the hexane and ethanol extracts of the prekese seed. Our investigation revealed that the extracts contained valuable secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and glycosides. All extracts exhibited mild to good levels of antimicrobial activity against the tested microorganisms. The ethanol extract had a better biological activity compared to the hexane extract. The biological activities of both the hexane and ethanol extracts were lower compared to those of ciprofloxacin and ketoconazole.

A Critical Analysis of the Usage of Herbal Products Amidst South Indian Population for the Treatment of Alopecia

ABSTRACT: This article describes herbal remedies and herbal products for alopecia. It mainly states the use of herbal preparations for the treatment of hair loss and also describes their advantages over synthetic products and drugs. As the use of herbal blends have least side effects, maximum efficacy, and are economically and easily prevalent, they can act as naturopathic medicines in treating various types of hair loss. Hair loss can be due to different reasons such as genetic tendency, extreme stress, nutritional deficiency, environmental triggers, exposure to chemicals etc. Hence use of synthetic compounds can show unfavorable outcomes such as scaling, dermatitis, pruritus and other skin related problems and to overcome such effects herbal products which are made by extraction of natural compounds mainly herbs are preferred as they play a role in patient compliance and show more than one mode of action for the treatment of alopecia. The article basically gives the description of various herbal products, remedies and also herbal products with nutrient supplements available with their brand name, manufacturing details along with their cost, indications which can be beneficial to treat hair loss.

Enhancing the efficacy of radiotherapy with Kalanchoe daigremontiana: A nanotechnological approach

Radiotherapy is widely utilized in the treatment of cancer, but this method is associated with dose-dependent limitation. Herbal compounds contain various secondary metabolites that increase the effectiveness of radiotherapy. However, a significant challenge associated with the use of herbal preparations is their poor biocompatibility. To address this limitation, the active ingredients of the leaves of Kalanchoe daigremontiana were extracted subsequently, phytoniosomes were prepared from the extract. The phytoniosomes were characterized through various analyses, Content analysis was performed with Quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer (QTOF-MS) and encapsulation efficiency was evaluated with High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Then, the cytotoxic effects of the phytoniosomes were evaluated on the Human Breast Epithelial Adenocarcinoma Cell Line (MCF-7), and Human Cervix epithelial Adenocarcinoma Cell Line (HeLa), using the MTT assay over multi-periods. Then radiotherapy studies have been carried out to increase this effect via Linear Accelerator (LINAC). Finally, to further understand the interactions between the phytoniosomes and cells, the niosomes were labelled with Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) and fluorescence images were obtained. The results confirmed that the size of plain niosomes and phytoniosomes were 95.9 ± 0.52 and 126.0 ± 5.14 nm, respectively and localized around cytoplasm. Phytoniosomes combined with radiotherapy on cell lines are more effective than radiotherapy or phytoniosomes alone. The cell viability decreased significantly to 7.102 ± 3.51 for the MCF-7 cell line and to 8.183 ± 4.117 for the HeLa cell line). In conclusion, the combined use of these niosomal preparations with radiotherapy has the potential to be used as a tool for overcoming dose-dependent limitation in radiotherapy.

Cardiovascular Remodeling Post-Ischemia: Herbs, Diet, and Drug Interventions.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a serious health burden with increasing prevalence, and CVD continues to be the principal global source of illness and mortality. For several disorders, including CVD, the use of dietary and medicinal herbs instead of pharmaceutical drugs continues to be an alternate therapy strategy. Despite the prevalent use of synthetic pharmaceutical medications, there is currently an unprecedented push for the use of diet and herbal preparations in contemporary medical systems. This urge is fueled by a number of factors, the two most important being the common perception that they are safe and more cost-effective than modern pharmaceutical medicines. However, there is a lack of research focused on novel treatment targets that combine all these strategies-pharmaceuticals, diet, and herbs. In this review, we looked at the reported effects of pharmaceutical drugs and diet, as well as medicinal herbs, and propose a combination of these approaches to target independent pathways that could synergistically be efficacious in treating cardiovascular disease.

Metabolic Fingerprinting of Different Sideritis Taxa Infusions and Their Neurogenic Activity.

Over the last years, Sideritis extracts were shown to improve memory. However, their potential to promote the generation of new neurons, starting with the neuronal differentiation of neural stem cells, remains unexplored. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the neurogenic effects of different Sideritis infusions in neural stem and precursor cells and their impact on cell viability. Moreover, the metabolic fingerprints were recorded using LC-DAD, LC-HRESIMS, and GC-MS. The neurogenic potential of infusions of the eight Sideritis taxa tested was as potent as the classical neuronal inducer combination of retinoic acid and valproic acid. Further cytotoxicity assays revealed that the IC50 values of the extracts were between 163 and 322 µg/mL. Hierarchical cluster analyses of the metabolic fingerprints unveiled that the two Sideritis taxa with the lowest IC50 values were the most divergent in the analytical techniques used. As the analysis focused on polyphenols, it is reasonable to assume that these compounds are responsible for the effect on the cell viability of SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. This study is the first report on the neurogenic potential of Sideritis taxa and might support the use of Sideritis herbal preparations in the context of neurodegenerative diseases.

Some aspects of international practice of studying the transition to cultivation and legal sale of wild medicinal plants (literature review)

Lately, the use of medicinal plants and herbal preparations for the prevention and treatment of diseases has been increasing in all parts of the world. The traditions of using herbal preparations are supported by the latest research on the isolation of active components from medicinal plant raw materials, the development of new assay, purifi cation technologies and those of extraction of active substances, the standardization of methods and technologies, the appearance of new pharmaceutical laboratory and factory equipment. The range of plants used for medical purposes is expanding, the range of indications for medical use is expanding for traditionally harvested plants. All mentioned factors lead to an increase in the economic potential for the development of the raw materials base of medicinal plants. At the same time, more and more attention is paid to the ecological approach to harvesting of wild plants, there are cases of damaging the raw materials base of plants due to unregulated harvesting, and of other environmental consequences. In addition, uncontrolled trade and application of plants for medical purposes can lead to negative consequences for human health. The article shows examples of studying the harvesting and distribution of wild medicinal plant raw materials and the possibilities of its cultivation and sale under controlled conditions.

Персонифицированный подход к верификации диагноза и патогенетической терапии при доброкачественных заболеваниях молочной железы (обзор литературы)

The review presents data on the tactics of managing patients with benign breast diseases aimed at reducing the incidence of breast cancer. Particular attention is paid to the use of non-hormonal herbal preparations with a favorable safety profile, the components of which suppress the hyperproliferation of the mammary gland epithelium, lead to regression of cysts in its tissue, and reduce mammographic density, which is a protector of the development of malignant processes.

Sociocultural practices and beliefs during pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum among indigenous pastoralist women of reproductive age in Manyara, Tanzania: a descriptive qualitative study

BackgroundDespite interventions improving maternal and newborn morbidity and mortality, progress has been sluggish, especially in hard-to-reach indigenous communities. Sociocultural beliefs in these communities more often influence the adoption of particular behaviors throughout pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum. Therefore, this study identified sociocultural beliefs and practices during pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum among indigenous pastoralist women of reproductive age in the Manyara region, Tanzania.MethodsThe study was a descriptive qualitative design. We used purposive sampling to select twelve participants among community members who were indigenous women of Manyara who had ever experienced pregnancy. In-depth interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim, and organized manually. We used manual coding and inductive-deductive thematic analysis.ResultsThe study’s findings showed that sociocultural beliefs and practices are widespread, covering antenatal through childbirth to the postnatal period. Both harmful and harmless practices were identified. For example, the use of herbal preparations to augment labor was reported. Previously, most women preferred home delivery; however, the practice is changing because of increased knowledge of home delivery complications and the accessibility of the facilities. Nevertheless, women still practice hazardous behaviors like applying strange things in the birth canal after delivery, increasing the risk of puerperal infection.ConclusionsSociocultural practices are predominant and widely applied throughout the peripartum period. These beliefs encourage adopting specific behaviors, most harmful to both mother and fetus. These sociocultural practices tend to affect the utilization of some essential maternal and child health practices. Eliminating unsafe peripartum practices will increase the use of medical services and ultimately improve outcomes for both mothers and their newborns. Public health interventions must recognize the cultural context informing these cultural practices in marginalized indigenous communities. Healthcare providers should routinely take the history of commonly traditional practices during the peripartum period to guide them in providing quality care to women by correcting all harmful practices.

Syncope and QT Prolongation Associated with the Use of Herbal Product and m-RNA Vaccination in a Young Woman

Herein, we report a case of a 31-year-old woman with syncope due to QT prolongation 36 h after the second dose of Pfizer-BioNTech vaccination. During her comprehensive history taking, she admitted the use of herbal preparation. Her initial electrocardiogram showed a QTc interval of 690 ms, and she was interned to the intensive care unit (ICU). Her biochemical findings revealed no evidence of electrolyte abnormalities, and oral propranolol was started. During ICU monitorization, she developed polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, which subsequently degenerated into ventricular fibrillation. Genetic investigation identified KCNQ1 mutation, and ICD implantation was performed. The patient was discharged with mexiletine and propranolol treatment, and the outpatient clinic follow-up was recommended.

Changes in Lifestyle, Food Choices, Sleeping Habits, and Physical Activities during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Analysis of Data after the First Lockdown Period from Three States of India

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic led to a substantial influence on the lifestyle of individuals. This article focuses to investigate the changes in lifestyle behaviour, food choice, sleeping habit, and physical activities that occurred during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted and data were captured through a web-based application questionnaire using a convenience sample method among individuals visiting health camps under the mobile healthcare programme conducted by three peripheral institutes of Central Council for Research of Unani Medicine in identified pockets of three different states in India to assess the impact of the COVID-19 induced lockdown on changes in their lifestyle, food preferences, physical activity, and social life among the population. Results: The data were obtained from 1007 cases in total between the age group of 15 and 90 years. The lockdown resulted in an alteration in the lifestyle as manifested by a change in food choices (65.4%), a change in sleeping routine (65.1%), a reduction in physical activity (63.7%), and a change in social life (68.9%) of the participants. A notably increased use of traditional medicine and herbal preparations has been reported by the study participants during the lockdown. Conclusions: Isolation, fear, distress, and social stigma caused various lifestyle changes and psychological problems among people during the first lockdown.

Trend of using herbal based preparations in pediatric skin inflammation disorders

Introduction: Skin inflammations that are more common and affect the pediatric age group more are rash, atopic dermatitis, fungal infections, psoriasis. The use of medicinal plants and herbal based preparations in the treatment of skin diseases, results from their impact on several stages of inflammation. The aim of this study was to review the information about the effects and anti-inflammatory activity, of medicinal plants and their preparations related to the treatment of most frequent skin inflammations in the pediatric age group, and to assess the trend of use of herbal remedies for these inflammations from our population. Methodology: For the realization of this descriptive and analytical study, multiple sources of information were used for the literature review, as well as through a random questionnaire conducted in a sample of 120 pharmacies in country. The data was collected from the pharmacists ‘responses and was analyzed specifically for the skin inflammations of pediatric age groups and the use of herbal preparations for the treatment of this disorders. Results: From the literature review the most frequent skin inflammations in the pediatric age group identified were rash, atopic dermatitis, fungal infections, folliculitis, furuncle, carbuncles. During the last years, among the medicinal plants mostly used locally for skin treatment are Matricaria Recutita, Calendula officinalis, Aloe Vera, Echinacea purpurea, Oenothera biennis, etc. From the completed questionnaire, a significant part of pharmacists (45%), reported that the most common skin inflammations in pediatric age presented in pharmacy are atopic dermatitis, rash for 17% of them, and fungal infections (12%). Regarding the way of using these preparations, 57% of them reported that they are used locally as combined therapy with the conventional one. Pharmacists reported that herbal preparations mostly used locally are those with Aloe Vera (31%), 13% of them reported those with Calendula officinalis and 5% of them reported preparations with Matricaria Recutita. Meanwhile, 48% of them reported that combined preparations of these herbs were used. Pharmacists are mostly the ones who suggest the use of these herbal based preparations (48.31%). Also, 65% of them think that the use of herbal based preparations for the treatment of skin inflammations in the pediatric age group has increased in recent years. Conclusions: Medicinal plants are rich with active ingredients and can be effective for the treatment of skin inflammations in the pediatric age group. As their use has increased in recent years, further research is needed regarding the efficacy, safety, optimal uses, and standardization of herbal preparations.

Current Knowledge of the Antidepressant Activity of Chemical Compounds from Crocus sativus L.

Psychotropic effect of Crocus sativus L. (family Iridaceae) biologically active chemical compounds are quite well documented and they can therefore be used in addition to the conventional pharmacological treatment of depression. This systematic review on antidepressant compounds in saffron crocus and their mechanisms of action and side effects is based on publications released between 1995−2022 and data indexed in 15 databases under the following search terms: antidepressant effect, central nervous system, Crocus sativus, cognitive impairement, crocin, crocetin, depression, dopamine, dopaminergic and serotonergic systems, picrocrocin, phytotherapy, neurotransmitters, safranal, saffron, serotonin, and biologically active compounds. The comparative analysis of the publications was based on 414 original research papers. The investigated literature indicates the effectiveness and safety of aqueous and alcoholic extracts and biologically active chemical compounds (alkaloids, anthocyanins, carotenoids, flavonoid, phenolic, saponins, and terpenoids) isolated from various organs (corms, leaves, flower petal, and stigmas) in adjuvant treatment of depression and anxiety. Monoamine reuptake inhibition, N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonism, and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-α agonism are the main proposed mechanism of the antidepressant action. The antidepressant and neuroprotective effect of extract components is associated with their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity. The mechanism of their action, interactions with conventional drugs and other herbal preparations and the safety of use are not fully understood; therefore, further detailed research in this field is necessary. The presented results regarding the application of C. sativus in phytotherapy are promising in terms of the use of herbal preparations to support the treatment of depression. This is particularly important given the steady increase in the incidence of this disease worldwide and social effects.