Use Of F-test Research Articles

ANALYSIS OF SPOILAGE AND STORAGE OF FRESH TOMATO IN PLATEAU STATE NIGERIA

The purpose of this research was to determine spoilage resulting from adopted methods of storage among tomato sellers relative to quantity stored in major markets of Plateau State, Nigeria. Methods used to obtain data from 400 tomato sellers involve administration of structured questionnaires based on purposive and simple random sampling techniques. Descriptive statistics, F-test, t-test and Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) methods were used to analyse the data. Results from the use of F-test and t-test statistics showed that there is significant relationship among variables and that both storage methods and quantity stored of fresh tomato have significant effect on total quantity of tomato spoiled at 95% confidence bound. Consequently, a model of the association was presented. It was concluded that majority of tomato sellers used woven baskets to store tomatoes. Also, heat and pathogens were major factors causing tomato spoilage and more tomatoes spoiled during rain season than dry season.

The Strategy of Increasing Economic Growth of the Maritime Sector: South Sulawesi Analysis Context

This research aims to analyze the strategy of increasing economic growth of the maritime sector through the influence of maritime tourism, capture fisheries, and sea freight companies on economic growth (Gross Regional Domestic Product) in South Sulawesi Province from 2006 to 2015. The model analysis used in this study is multiple linear regression which includes the use of F-test, t-test, and test of coefficient of determination (R squared). Our findings confirm that marine tourism and capture fisheries variables significant affected economic growth, whereas sea freight company variable had no significant effect. The simultaneous test shows that there is a significant relationship between marine tourism, capture fisheries, and sea freight companies on economic growth. Our study also indentifies the R squared to be 0.982, indicating that the independent variables can explain up to 98.2% of the effects on economic growth. The policy strategy adopted by the Provincial Government of South Sulawesi to increase economic growth of the maritime sector included the development of the marine industry, specifically in sea freight companies.

Comparison of Linear and Non-linear Regression Analysis to Determine Pulmonary Pressure in Hyperthyroidism.

Objectives:This study aimed at assessing the incidence of pulmonary hypertension (PH) at newly diagnosed hyperthyroid patients and at finding a simple model showing the complex functional relation between pulmonary hypertension in hyperthyroidism and the factors causing it.Methods:The 53 hyperthyroid patients (H-group) were evaluated mainly by using an echocardiographical method and compared with 35 euthyroid (E-group) and 25 healthy people (C-group). In order to identify the factors causing pulmonary hypertension the statistical method of comparing the values of arithmetical means is used. The functional relation between the two random variables (PAPs and each of the factors determining it within our research study) can be expressed by linear or non-linear function. By applying the linear regression method described by a first-degree equation the line of regression (linear model) has been determined; by applying the non-linear regression method described by a second degree equation, a parabola-type curve of regression (non-linear or polynomial model) has been determined. We made the comparison and the validation of these two models by calculating the determination coefficient (criterion 1), the comparison of residuals (criterion 2), application of AIC criterion (criterion 3) and use of F-test (criterion 4).Results:From the H-group, 47% have pulmonary hypertension completely reversible when obtaining euthyroidism. The factors causing pulmonary hypertension were identified: previously known- level of free thyroxin, pulmonary vascular resistance, cardiac output; new factors identified in this study- pretreatment period, age, systolic blood pressure. According to the four criteria and to the clinical judgment, we consider that the polynomial model (graphically parabola- type) is better than the linear one.Conclusions:The better model showing the functional relation between the pulmonary hypertension in hyperthyroidism and the factors identified in this study is given by a polynomial equation of second degree where the parabola is its graphical representation.

Factors Influencing Choice of Occupational Area among Technical Education Students with Differing Entry Qualifications

This study investigated the factors that influenced choice of occupational area of two groups of students admitted into the Nigeria Certificate in Education (NCE) Technical Programme who had Senior Secondary School Certificate (SSSC) and National Technical Certificate (NTC) respectively. Third year Technical Education students of the Federal College of Education (Technical), Omoku, Nigeria comprising 40 and 30 students with SSSC and NTC respectively were used for the study. Arithmetic mean and t-test were used to analyse the data. Reliability of the t-test results was ascertained by the use of f-test of homogeneity of group variance. Interest in study area; perceived availability of job opportunities related to area of specialization; simplicity of area in training and in employment; and perceived affordability of equipment for self-employment were found to influence choice of occupational area among the two groups.Keywords: Technical Education; Career guidance; TBVET; Entry qualification

Academic performance of students admitted with different entry certificate in Nigeria certificate in education programme in federal college of education (technical), Omoku

The study was an attempt to determine the levels of academic performance of two groups of students admitted with different entry certificates in the Nigeria certificate in Education (NCE) Technical Programme and to find out whether both groups differ significantly in performance. Seventy (70) first year Technical students of the Federal College of Education (Technical), Omoku during the 2011/2012 academic session were used for the study. The data consisted of raw scores obtained by these students in five (5) courses. The Arithmetic Means and t-test were used to analyze the data. Reliability of t-test results were ascertained by the use of f-test of group variances. The study established that the secondary school certificate students performed significantly better than their City and Guilds certificate counterparts, and the both groups differed significantly in other academic performance. Normal 0 false false false EN-GB X-NONE X-NONE

Formulation optimization of salad dressing added with Chinese quince (Chaenomelis sinensis) juice by mixture design

This study was conducted for the optimization of ingredients in salad dressing using Chinese quince (Chaenomelis sinensis) juice. The experiment was designed according to the D-optimal design of mixture design, which included 14 experimental points with 4 replicates for 3 independent variables (Chinese quince juice 35–60%, oil 20–45%, and vinegar 5–20%). The compositional and functional properties of the prepared products were measured, and these values were applied to the mathematical models. A canonical form and trace plot showed the influence of each variable on the quality attribute of final mixture product. By the use of F-test, viscosity and color values (L, a, and b) were expressed by a linear model, while the emulsion stability and sensory characteristics (color, smell, taste, and overall acceptance) were by a quadratic model. The optimum formulations by numerical and graphical method were analogous: Chinese quince juice, oil, and vinegar of 51.05, 34.69, and 14.24% by numerical method, respectively; those of 51.01, 34.71, and 14.24% by graphical method, respectively. Optimum ingredient formulation is expected to improve use of Chinese quince juice and contribute to commercialization of high quality Chinese quince salad dressing.

모과잼 제조시 혼합물 실험계획법에 의한 재료 혼합비율의 최적화

본 연구에서는 다양한 약리적 효능에도 불구하고 현재 한정된 범위의 가공식품의 재료로 쓰이는 모과의 이용성을 증진시키고자하는 방안으로 모과잼을 제조해 보고자 혼합물 실험계획법으로(mixture design) 중 D-optimal design을 이용하였다. 실험에 사용한 모과의 수용성 펙틴 함량을 측정한 결과 4.32 ㎎/g이었다. 이는 잼을 만들기에는 적당하지 않은 수용성 펙틴 함량이므로 모과잼을 만들기 위해서는 펙틴을 첨가할 필요가 있음을 알 수 있었다. 잼 품질에 가장 영향을 미치는 모과, 펙틴과 설탕 첨가량을 독립변수로 설정하였고, 예비실험을 거쳐 모과 페이스트 45～60%, 펙틴 1.5～4.5%, 설탕 45.5～63.5%의 범위로 결정하였다. 14개의 실험결과를 모델링화 하여 F-test를 통해 유의성을 검증한 결과 당도(˚Brix), pH, 명도, 황색도, 총색차, 견고성은 각각의 인자들이 독립적으로 작용을 하는 linear 모델이, 퍼짐성, 적색도, 관능검사의 모든 항목에서는 각각의 인자들이 서로 교호작용을 하는 quadratic 모델이 결정되었다. 모델의 적합성을 분석한 결과 모든 항목에서 유의성을 보여주어 모델로서 적합함이 인정되었다. 반응표면과 trace plot의 결과 모과 페이스트 첨가량이 적고 설탕 첨가량이 많을수록 당도(˚Brix)와 총색차는 증가하였고, 모과 페이스트와 펙틴의 첨가량이 많고 설탕 첨가량이 적을수록 원재료의 pH에 영향을 받아 pH는 낮아졌다. 퍼짐성과 견고성의 경우 모과 페이스트와 펙틴의 영향을 많이 받은 것으로 나타났다. 색도 중 명도와 적색도의 경우 모과 페이스트 첨가량이 많고 설탕 첨가량이 적을수록 모과잼의 색이 밝고 붉은 것으로, 모과 페이스트와 설탕의 첨가량이 많을수록 황색도가 증가해 잼의 색이 노란 것으로 나타났다. 관능검사 결과에서는 모과 페이스트, 펙틴, 설탕을 적거나 많이 첨가할 경우에는 오히려 낮은 점수를 받았고, 모과 페이스트와 펙틴의 상호작용이 가장 크게 작용한 것으로 나타났다. 모과잼의 재료 혼합비의 최적화는 수치적 최적화와 모형적 최적화 결과를 통해 모과 페이스트 54.48%, 펙틴 2.45%, 설탕 53.07%로 결정되었고, 이 재료 배합비로 모과잼을 제조할 경우 모과의 이용성 향상과 모과잼의 산업화가 가능할 것으로 기대된다. 본 연구에서는 다양한 약리적 효능에도 불구하고 현재 한정된 범위의 가공식품의 재료로 쓰이는 모과의 이용성을 증진시키고자하는 방안으로 모과잼을 제조하기 위하여 혼합물 실험계획법으로 최적의 재료 혼합비율을 찾아 고품질의 모과잼을 개발하고자 하였다.

무 잼 재료 혼합비율의 최적화

This study was performed to find the optimum ratio of ingredients in the Chinese radish jam. The experiment was designed according to the RSM (response surface methodology), which included 18 experimental points with 4 replicates for three independent variables (sugar 45~70%, pectin 0.5~2.0.%, citric acid 0.2~0.5%). The compositional and functional properties of the prepared products were measured, and these values were applied to the mathematical models. By use of F-test, sweetness, color values (L, a, b), and firmness were expressed by a linear model, while the sensory characteristics (color, smell, taste, texture and overall acceptance) were by a quadratic model. In the numeric optimization, the optimal ingredient amounts were 53.7% sugar, 1.0% pectin, and 0.3% citric acid. And in the graphical optimization, 53.9% sugar, 1.0% pectin, and 0.3% citric acid; these data were equivalent to 0.6985 desirability, indicating that the values were almost equivalent to the numerical optimization points. The above results demonstrate the feasibility of Chinese radish jam, and therefore, the commercialization of a Chinese radish jam marketed as a functional food is deemed possible.

복분자(Rubus coreanum Miquel) 즙을 이용한 드레싱 제조의 재료 혼합 비율의 최적화

본 연구는 새로운 드레싱을 개발하기 위하여 복분자를 이용한 샐러드드레싱을 만들었을 때 최적의 혼합비를 찾기 위하여 혼합물 실험계획법(mixture design) 중 D-optimal design을 이용하였다. 샐러드드레싱의 품질에 가장 영향을 미치는 복분자즙, 기름, 식초의 첨가율을 독립변수로 설정하였고, 범위는 예비실험을 거쳐 각각 15.70～47.10%, 23.50～39.20%, 3.90～19.60%로 하였다. 실험 결과를 모델링하여 유의성을 검증한 결과, 점도, 적색도, 황색도, 총색차, 유화안정성과 관능검사 항목 중 색이 linear 모델로, 명도와 관능검사항목 중 냄새, 맛과 전반적인 기호도는 quadratic 모델로 결정되었다. 모델의 적합성을 분석한 결과 모든 항목에서 probability가 모두 0.05% 이내에서 유의성을 보여 모델로서 적합함이 인정되었다. 복분자즙을 이용한 샐러드드레싱의 최적 재료 혼합비율은 수치 최적화에서는 복분자즙 36.02%, 기름 26.48%, 식초 12.00%이었고, 모형적 최적화에서는 desirability가 0.577에 해당하는 복분자즙 36.00%, 기름 26.44%, 식초 12.06%로 수치 최적화 점과 거의 일치하는 수치를 보였다. 이는 드레싱을 만들 때 복분자의 활용 가능성을 제시하여 새로운 드레싱 제품 개발의 기초자료를 제공하고, 새로운 것을 추구하는 소비자들의 욕구를 충족시킬 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

Technical efficiency in paddy farms of Tamil Nadu: An analysis based on farm size and ecological zone

Despite the wider application of efficiency analysis in Indian agriculture, little has been done on the investigation of intra and interecological variations, size differences and their interactions. However, ecological issues have paramount implications for the low-input sustainable agricultural production. Furthermore, due to the various causes of efficiency, the age-old size-based debate on efficiency differences is not yet resolved. The present study examines the level of technical efficiency across ecological zones and farm size groups in paddy farms of the southern Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The study showed that 90% of the variation in output among paddy (IR-20) farms in the state is due to differences in technical efficiency. Land, animal power and fertilisers have significant influence on the level of paddy production. Varying from 0.59 to 0.97, the mean technical efficiency was found to be 0.83. The use of F-test in two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and censored regression (Tobit model), with dummies for ecological zones, farm size groups and their interactions, has shown that, at mean level, the level of technical efficiency among paddy farms of the state differs significantly across agro-ecological zones and size groups as well. The study further indicated that small-sized paddy farms in zone II and medium-sized paddy farms in zone III are represented by ecologically size-biased production techniques; thus achieving higher technical efficiency.

Use of F-Test for Improving the Vocational Guidance for Students in the U. S. S. R

Use of F-Test for Improving the Vocational Guidance for Students in the U. S. S. R

Use of F-Test for improving the vocational guidance for students in the U. S. S. R.

Use of F-Test for improving the vocational guidance for students in the U. S. S. R.