Use Of Experience Sampling Method Research Articles

Within-Individual Variation in Cognitive Performance Is Not Noise: Why and How Cognitive Assessments Should Examine Within-Person Performance.

Despite evidence that it exists, short-term within-individual variability in cognitive performance has largely been ignored as a meaningful component of human cognitive ability. In this article, we build a case for why this within-individual variability should not be viewed as mere measurement error and why it should be construed as a meaningful component of an individual's cognitive abilities. We argue that in a demanding and rapidly changing modern world, between-individual analysis of single-occasion cognitive test scores does not account for the full range of within-individual cognitive performance variation that is implicated in successful typical cognitive performance. We propose that short-term repeated-measures paradigms (e.g., the experience sampling method (ESM)) be used to develop a process account of why individuals with similar cognitive ability scores differ in their actual performance in typical environments. Finally, we outline considerations for researchers when adapting this paradigm for cognitive assessment and present some initial findings from two studies in our lab that piloted the use of ESM to assess within-individual cognitive performance variation.

The Importance of Context: An ESM Study in Forensic Psychiatry.

Experience Sampling Method (ESM) is a structured diary technique assessing variations in thoughts, mood, and psychiatric symptoms in everyday life. Research has provided ample evidence for the efficacy of the use of ESM in general psychiatry but its use in forensic psychiatry has been limited. Twenty forensic psychiatric patients participated. The PsyMate™ Device emitted a signal 10 times a day on six consecutive days, at unpredictable moments. After each "beep," the patients completed ESM forms assessing current context, thoughts, positive and negative affect, and psychotic experiences. Stress was measured using the average scores of the stress related items. Compliance rate was high (85% beeps responded). Activity stress was related to more negative affect, lower positive affect, and more psychotic symptoms. This finding was restricted to moments when a team member was present; not when patients were alone or with other patients. ESM can be useful in forensic psychiatry and give insights into the relationships between symptoms and mood in different contexts. In this study activity-related stress was contextualized. These findings can be used to personalize interventions.

Use of Experience Sampling Method in the Assessment of Anxiety Disorders: A Systematic Review

Günlük yaşam esnasında taşınabilir cihaz veya akıllı telefon uygulamalarıyla anlık ölçümler almayı mümkün kılan Deneyim Örnekleme Yöntemi (Experience Sampling Method, DÖY), son yıllarda hızlanan teknolojik gelişmeler ile beraber klinik psikoloji araştırmalarında aktif şekilde kullanılmaya başlanmıştır. Özellikle anksiyete bozuklukları gibi belirti şiddetinde dalgalanmalar gözlenen bozukluklarda bu yöntemin etkin kullanımının oldukça işlevsel olduğu söylenebilir. Bu sistematik derlemede, DÖY’ün anksiyete bozukluklarında kullanış biçimlerini gözden geçirmek ve genel bulgulara ilişkin çıkarımlar yapmak hedeflendiği için alanyazında özellikle anksiyete bozukluklarına ait belirtileri DÖY ile değerlendiren güncel görgül çalışmalar sistematik olarak taranıp incelenmiştir. Araştırma kapsamında, DSM-5’te yapılan son değişiklikler göz önünde bulundurularak belirlenen anahtar kelimeler 4 farklı veri tabanında (Web of Science, ProQuest, PsycINFO ve PubMed) taranmış; tarama işleminin ardından belirlenen ölçütlere uygun olan 14 makale bu derlemeye dâhil edilmiştir. İlk olarak DÖY kullanılarak yapılan bu çalışmalarda, çoğunlukla yetişkin ve kadın örneklem grubu ile çalışıldığı ve deneyim örnekleme ölçümlerinin ortalama 9 gün boyunca elektronik cihazlar ile yapıldığı görülmektedir. Ayrıca farklı bozukluk kategorilerine yönelik bu görgül çalışmalarda ortak olarak çoğunlukla anlık duygulanım değişimleri, olay sonrası işlemleme ve ruminasyon gibi ilişkili faktörlerin çalışıldığı görülmüştür. Özetle, DÖY’ün bilimsel araştırma alanında kullanılabilecek işlevsel bir yöntem olduğu ve bu açıdan yaygınlaşmasının faydalı olabileceği düşünülmektedir.

Applications of the experience sampling method: a research agenda for hospitality management

PurposeThis study aims to provide researchers in hospitality management with a comprehensive understanding of the experience sampling method (ESM) and to engage them in the use of ESM in their future research. With this critical discussion of the advantages and challenges of the method, researchers can apply it appropriately to deepen and broaden their research findings.Design/methodology/approachThis study chooses an empirical example in the context of hotel employees’ surface acting, tiredness and sleep quality to illustrate the application of ESM. Based on the example, this paper conducts a two-level modeling in Mplus, including a cross-level mediation analysis and mean centering.FindingsThis paper demonstrates the applicability and usefulness of ESM for hospitality research and provides a detailed demonstration of how to use the statistical program Mplus to analyze ESM data. With this paper, researchers will be able to consider how to engage ESM in their future studies.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors‘ knowledge, this paper is among the first to provide a hands-on demonstration of ESM to hospitality researchers. The authors call for more research in hospitality management to use ESM to answer complex and pressing research questions.

Technology-assisted reconstruction: a new alternative to the experience sampling method

ABSTRACT Despite the recent increase in interest in the experience sampling method (ESM), researchers have repeatedly criticised the high burden and levels of interruption that it imposes on participants, and alternative cost-effective methods, such as the Day Reconstruction Method (DRM), have been adopted by the Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) community. In this paper, we review the use of ESM and DRM in the HCI field and argue for a new paradigm called Technology-Assisted Reconstruction (TAR), according to which passively logged data of users’ behaviours are used in assisting the later reconstruction of experiences and behaviours. We discuss five methods of Technology-Assisted Reconstruction that we have developed in our past work and conclude with a framework that highlights three directions for Technology-Assisted Reconstruction.

Data quality and feasibility of the Experience Sampling Method across the spectrum of severe psychiatric disorders: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundDue to a number of methodological advantages and theoretical considerations, more and more studies in clinical psychology research employ the Experience Sampling Method (ESM) as a data collection technique. Despite this growing interest, the absence of methodological guidelines related to the use of ESM has resulted in a large heterogeneity of designs while the potential effects of the design itself on the response behavior of the participants remain unknown. The objectives of this systematic review are to investigate the associations between the design characteristics and the data quality and feasibility of studies relying on ESM in severe psychiatric disorders.MethodsWe will search for all published studies using ambulatory assessment with patients suffering from major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, and psychotic disorder or individuals at high risk for these disorders. Electronic database searches will be performed in PubMed and Web of Science with no restriction on the publication date. Two reviewers will independently screen original studies in a title/abstract phase and a full-text phase based on the inclusion criteria. The information related to the design and sample characteristics, data quality, and feasibility will be extracted. We will provide results in terms of a descriptive synthesis, and when applicable, a meta-analysis of the findings will be conducted.DiscussionOur results will attempt to highlight how the feasibility and data quality of ambulatory assessment might be related to the methodological characteristics of the study designs in severe psychiatric disorders. We will discuss these associations in different subsamples if sufficient data are available and will examine limitations in the reporting of the methods of ambulatory studies in the current literature.Systematic review registrationThe protocol for this systematic review was registered on PROSPERO (PROSPERO 2017:CRD42017060322) and is available in full on the University of York website (http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.asp?ID=CRD42017060322).

The experience sampling method: examining its use and potential in tourist experience research

Though a valid and widely used approach in leisure, recreation, and psychology, the experience sampling method (ESM) is rarely used in tourism studies as a way to collect data on immediate conscious experiences during tourist events. This paper examines the use of ESM as it relates to tourist experience research. We begin by introducing ESM before exploring the application of this method to emerging smartphone technology. We then introduce a research approach, which incorporates the use of a digital ESM modified to act as a predominantly qualitative procedure, using voice recording software, to study the experience of educational tourists in Peru. The data gathered using this approach are analysed to examine the application and operational aspects of ESM. We consider the methodological implications of this research method by presenting findings on the length of qualitative discussions, reported mood, qualitative content related to ESM procedures, and post-trip recollection of ESM. The discussion that follows focuses on evidence of participant burden, reactivity, and anthropomorphism related to the use of smartphones as data collection tools. This paper concludes by outlining future research areas, with specific reference to spatial aspects, affect, and smartphone use, which expand the potential of ESM in tourist experience studies.

Piloting the use of experience sampling method to investigate the everyday social experiences of children with Asperger syndrome/high functioning autism

Objective: This pilot study explored the nature and quality of social experiences of children with Asperger Syndrome/High Functioning Autism (AS/HFA) through experience sampling method (ESM) while participating in everyday activities. Methods: ESM was used to identify the contexts and content of daily life experiences. Six children with AS/HFA (aged 8–12) wore an iPod Touch on seven consecutive days, while being signalled to complete a short survey. Results: Participants were in the company of others 88.3% of their waking time, spent 69.0% of their time with family and 3.8% with friends, but only conversed with others 26.8% of the time. Participants had more positive experiences and emotions when they were with friends compared with other company. Participating in leisure activities was associated with enjoyment, interest in the occasion, and having positive emotions. Conclusions: ESM was found to be helpful in identifying the nature and quality of social experiences of children with AS/HFA from their perspective.