Use Of Ethylcellulose Research Articles

Ethylcellulose- An Amazing Polymer For Anticancer Formulations

Background: A cellulose derivative known as ethyl cellulose has gained a lot of interest because of its special qualities and prospective uses in systems for the controlled administration of medications. This study concentrates on patents that examine the use of ethyl cellulose for anticancer preparations. Polymeric drug delivery methods are gaining significant research due to their potential to enhance therapeutic effectiveness, improve bioavailability, and reduce toxicity Objective: The primary objective of incorporating ethyl cellulose into anticancer preparations is to develop safe, effective, and targeted therapies for the treatment of cancer. This study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of recent patents that specifically explore the use of ethyl cellulose in the prevention and treatment of different cancers. Methods: The patent review methodology employed an extensive search across multiple patent databases to identify relevant patents on the utilization of ethyl cellulose in anticancer preparations. Results: The formulations described in these patents demonstrated sustained and controlled drug release profiles, which resulted in improved therapeutic efficacy while minimizing potential adverse effects. Our comprehensive review revealed multiple patents that utilized ethyl cellulose as a polymer in the creation of anticancer preparations. The studies conducted in these patents showcased enhanced drug release kinetics, improved cellular uptake, and increased anticancer activity compared to conventional formulations. Conclusion: The analysis of these patents strongly indicates that ethyl cellulose exhibits substantial potential as a versatile polymer for anticancer preparations. The findings strongly suggest that incorporating ethyl cellulose into drug delivery systems can significantly enhance the effectiveness of anticancer drugs, thus benefiting patients.

Green in situ preparation of novel graphene-wrapped ethyl cellulose submicrospherical capsules and its effective use in Cr (VI) removal

A completely green method is reported here for the preparation of ethyl cellulose submicrospherical capsules wrapped with graphene. Graphene preparation is done by the sonication-assisted graphite exfoliation with the use of ethyl cellulose in an ethanol medium. Edge functionalization of graphene with ethyl cellulose under solvothermal treatment, as suggested from the XRD patterns, can be the driving force for the graphene wrapping of ethyl cellulose capsules that are formed during the addition of excess water to the stable graphene dispersion. Material morphology and structure are analyzed using various characterization techniques, and the novel nanocomposite is effectively used in Cr (VI) removal from aqueous solution, where maximum adsorption is observed in acidic pH indicating the dominance of electrostatic adsorption. The equilibrium data fitted more to Langmuir isotherm than the Freundlich isotherm.

Safety and efficacy of ethyl cellulose for all animal species.

Following a request from the European Commission, the Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on ethyl cellulose as a feed additive for all animal species. Ethyl cellulose is intended for use as a technological additive (functional group: stabiliser) in premixtures and feedingstuffs for all animal species with no minimum and maximum content. A proper identification and characterisation of ethyl cellulose as required for a feed additive is not available and the occurrence of potential toxic impurities cannot be assessed. The following conclusions apply only to ethyl cellulose meeting the food additive specifications. The FEEDAP Panel concluded that ethyl cellulose is considered safe for all animal species. The use of ethyl cellulose in animal nutrition is of no concern for consumer safety. In the absence of data, the FEEDAP Panel was not in the position to conclude on the safety of ethyl cellulose for the user. The use of ethyl cellulose as a feed additive is considered safe for the environment. The additive is considered to be efficacious in feedingstuffs for all animal species.

Synergistic ethylcellulose/polyphosphoric acid modification of bitumen for paving applications

A lignocellulosic material, like ethylcellulose (EC), is assessed for bitumen modification, as a more sustainable alternative to polymers derived from non-renewable sources. However, ethylcellulose alone hardly enhances bitumen performance. This work studies novel bituminous binders prepared with ethylcellulose powder and polyphosphoric acid (PPA) as bitumen modifiers for paving applications. Rheological tests demonstrated that the addition of 0.5 wt% PPA to a binder containing 5 wt% EC, along with a thermal curing, leads to binders with improved rutting resistance at high in-service temperatures, compared to binders prepared solely with EC or PPA. TLC–FID chromatography, FTIR spectroscopy and modulated DSC were conducted on binders to shed some light on modification route. From them, it is possible to state that the rheological enhancement is related to a change in SARAs fractions (i.e., binder colloidal index), derived from the asphaltenes disaggregation and formation of new phosphorylated adducts. Therefore, the use of ethylcellulose as lignocellulosic raw material seems to be a promising alternative to design bituminous binders for paving applications with enhanced rheological properties at high in-service temperatures.

How the composition and manufacturing parameters affect insulin release from polymeric nanoparticles

Polymeric nanoparticles (PLA-PCL-Eudragit® RS-ethylcellulose-PVA) containing insulin were prepared by a double emulsion (W/O/W) solvent evaporation technique. The quantification of insulin in the particles was performed by HPLC analysis; the particles were characterized by different techniques, namely DSC, SEM and infrared analysis. The parameters of the preparation process were optimized. The encapsulation efficacy could be increased up to 99%, using PCL 60000/Eudragit® RS. The nature of the polymers also affected the size and zeta potential of the nanoparticles and insulin release kinetics. The use of ethylcellulose in the formulation and ultrasound during nanoparticle preparation allowed obtaining particles smaller than 300 nm.

Ethyl cellulose and functionalized carbon nanotubes as a co-gelator for high-performance quasi-solid state dye-sensitized solar cells

Long term device stability and high power conversion efficiency (PCE) are important for practical application of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs). Here, we report the use of ethyl cellulose (EC) and acid functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (oMWCNTs) as a co-gelator to gel organic solvents and the application of these gels for quasi-solid state DSCs. The gels are formed by blending EC and oMWCNTs with methoxypropionitrile (MPN) and acetonitrile (ACN). The loadings of EC and oMWCNTs can be as low as 4 wt% and 1.5 wt%, respectively, for the gel formation. The total minimum gelator loading of EC and oMWCNTs is lower than that with EC alone. In the absence of oMWCNTs, the EC loading must be more than 12 wt% for the gel formation. Gel electrolytes were prepared by adding iodine, 1-methyl-3-propylimidazolium iodide (PMII), guanidinium thiocyanate and 4-tert-butyl pyridine into the EC-oMWCNT/ACN-MPN gels, and they were used to fabricate quasi-solid state DSCs. The optimal PCE of the gel DSCs was 6.97% under AM1.5G illumination, quite close to that of control liquid DSCs, while the gel DSCs have better long term stability than their liquid-state counterparts. The former retains more than 98% of the initial PCE after 30 days, whereas the PCE of the latter decreases to about 80%.

Fractionation of ethylcellulose oleogels during setting

The use of ethylcellulose (EC) polymers as a means to structure edible oils for fat replacement is beginning to show great promise and the use of these 'oleogels' has recently been shown to be feasible in food products. These gels are very versatile, as the mechanical properties can be tailored by altering either the fatty acid profile of the oil component, or the viscosity or concentration of the polymer component. Here we report the observation that certain formulation of EC oleogels tend to separate into two distinct phases; a soft interior core surrounded by a firm exterior sheath. It was found that the extent of this effect depends on EC viscosity, and can also be induced through the addition of certain surfactants, such as sorbitan monostearate and sorbitan monooleate, though not by glycerol monooleate. Although the two visually distinct regions were shown to be chemically indistinct, the cooling rate during gel setting was found to play a large role; rapid setting of the gels reduces the fractionation effect, while slow cooling produced a completely homogeneous structure. In addition, by reheating only the soft region of the gel, a firm and soft fractionated gel could again be produced. Finally, it was observed that oleogels prepared with castor oil or mineral oil have the ability to remove or induce the gel separation, respectively. Taken together, these results indicate chemical interactions may incite the separation into two distinct phases, but the process also seems to be driven by the cooling conditions during gel setting. These findings lend insight into the EC-oleogel gelation process and should provide a stepping stone for future research into the manufacturing of these products.

Use of ethylcellulose polymers as stabilizer in fat-based food suspensions examined on the example of model reduced-fat chocolate

Surfactants are an important ingredient in the manufacture of chocolate. Their role is to coat the surfaces of the sugar and cocoa particles dispersed in fat, generally cocoa butter, to maintain or enhance the flowability of molten chocolate. Coating the surfaces of the dispersed particles with a surfactant reduces inter-particle interactions responsible for particle aggregation which leads to viscosity reduction of the mixture. Controlled flow behavior of molten chocolate is a requirement for successful processing and for optimal mouthfeel. This becomes in particular crucial in the formulation of fat-reduced chocolate. In fat-reduced chocolate, low molecular weight surfactants such as lecithin and polyglycerol polyricinoleate (PGPR) need to be applied at unacceptably high concentrations to maintain flowability of a chocolate with increased dispersed phase volume. This paper reports on an alternative approach, the use of the polymeric surfactant ethylcellulose. Shear viscosity measurements on model chocolates demonstrated a viscosity reducing effect. The effect of ethylcellulose polymer adsorbed at an oil/water interface was visualized in volume change experiments on macroscopic pendant drops revealing a difference in the nature of the interface compared to an interface covered with a low molecular weight surfactant.

The effects of ethyl cellulose on PV performance of DSSC made of nanostructured ZnO pastes

Nanostructured ZnO aggregates are synthesized via a hydrolysis route using zinc acetate dehydrate and diethylene glycol as the starting materials under carefully controlled conditions. They are employed in making a series of pastes with various ratios of the ZnO to ethyl cellulose for dye-sensitized solar cells, where the ZnO films are formed by doctor blade technique. Use of ethyl cellulose significantly reduces micro-cracks in the oxide films. The paste with 10 wt.% ethyl cellulose demonstrates a promising energy conversion efficiency of 3.68% under the AM1.5 100 mW/cm 2 illumination.

Novel Film Modifiers to Alter the Physical Properties of Composite Ethylcellulose Films

Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), molecular-composite PVP, and Plasdone S-630 copolyvidonum are potential polymeric film modifiers for achieving improved drug release. The aim of this study was to investigate how these polymeric additives would affect the physicomechanical properties of composite ethylcellulose films. The miscibility of these polymeric additives with ethylcellulose was determined from the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) thermograms of various polymer blends formed from organic solvents. It was found that ethylcellulose (EC) was miscible with the polymeric additives up to a concentration of 50%. Ten percent to 30% w/w polymeric additives were then added to aqueous ethylcellulose dispersion to form composite films. The morphology, film transparency, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) thermograms, and mechanical properties of the composite ethylcellulose films were studied. In addition, puncture strength and % elongation of the dry and wet films were also compared from indentation test. Significant reduction and change in film transparency and morphology was obtained for EC films blended with PVP of higher molecular weight (MW). The composite EC films also showed higher Tg, greater elastic modulus, tensile and puncture strength depending on the concentration and type of additives present. The interaction between ethylcellulose and the polymeric additives is dependent on the MW and concentration of additives. The composite films offer new opportunities for the use of ethyl-cellulose as modified release coatings for dosage forms.

Studies on Controlled-Release Formulations of Diclofenac Sodium

The effects of various polymers on the release of diclofenac sodium from their matrices have been evaluated. In vitro release profiles of diclofenac sodium from ethylcellulose and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) K4M matrices showed that decreasing the concentration of ethylcellulose and increasing the concentration of HPMC K4M resulted in an increase in the release rate of diclofenac sodium. An increase in the amount of lactose in matrix resulted in an increase in the release rate of diclofenac sodium. It is suggested that the use of ethylcellulose or Precirol containing relatively large percentage concentrations of lactose in matrices will not provide zero-order release of diclofenac sodium from matrices. The best-fit release kinetics with the highest correlation coefficients was achieved with the Higuchi's plot followed by the zero-order. A straight line relationship was established bemeen the T50% and the ratio of HPMC K4M to diclofenac sodium.

Nutrient leaching from coated crustacean rations

The use of ethyl cellulose as a coating agent to retain water soluble nutrients in pelleted feeds was investigated. When the entire ration pellet was coated, minimal nutrient leaching occurred, even after 6 h. Inclusion of individually coated micronutrients was less effective than total pellet coating for nutrient retention, but did help prevent losses due to leaching.