Use Of Emoticons Research Articles

Self-Expression and Mental Wellbeing of Malaysian Youths on Social Media

In today's fast-changing technological era, the new generation of youths, namely Gen Z and Millennials, wholeheartedly embrace and are profoundly influenced by the rapid development of social media. It is important to recognize that the impact of VUCA on youth and social media is not solely negative. It is crucial to promote digital literacy, encourage healthy online habits, and foster open conversations and self-expression. Social media platforms provide a constant stream of information, including news, opinions, and updates from friends and peers. The volatility and uncertainty of this information can contribute to feelings of overwhelm and anxiety, especially when it involves negative or distressing content. This study focuses on the use of emoticons and symbols in self-expression as well as the emotional reaction regarding one’s own posts and others. A total of 500 participants were recruited for this study from various parts of Malaysia aged between 18 to 30 years old. Descriptive analysis of the study shows majority of the participants used emoticons and symbols for better self-expression. When it comes to emotional reactions, the Gen Z and Millennials generally show a preference for positive postings. However, they also demonstrate empathy and understanding towards those who share negative postings. This study enhances our understanding of how Malaysian youths express themselves on social media and sheds light on their emotional responses. Keywords: Self-expression, mental wellbeing, emotional responses, social media, youths.

The Animation of Emoticons and its Application in Primary School Teaching Courseware

With the advent of information age, PPT multimedia teaching courseware is used more and more in primary school science class, which plays a vital role in teachers' teaching. Therefore, teachers should pay more attention to how to make high quality PPT multimedia teaching courseware. As a new form of communication, the use of emoticons has become normalized. In the process of education and teaching, teachers can use emoticons to convey teaching knowledge other than words. By comparing several software that can produce animation, this study found that Adobe After Effects software can better produce exquisite emoticons. In addition, some teachers are technically deficient in the production of emoticons. The purpose of this study is to provide some teachers with simple technical guidance for making emoticon animations. What's more, this study also carries on the feasibility analysis of the application of the teaching courseware containing emoticons in actual teaching.

Perception of Verbal and Non-Verbal Communication in Online Classes of Journalism/Communicology Students in Bosnia and Herzegovina

The interaction between students and lecturers in online classes has changed significantly compared to the interaction in conventional classroom classes. Physical distancing harmed cognitive and social presence in classes due to reduced opportunities for interaction, immediate feedback, and the use of non-verbal communication tools to encourage students to participate in class. The study aims to determine how journalism/communication students in B&H perceive interaction with lecturers in online classes, which is an important element of their cognitive and social presence. A face-to-face survey questionnaire showed that students prefer classroom teaching and that they consider the impossibility of face-to-face communication to be one of the key disadvantages of online teaching. Students are not willing to engage more significantly in online classes, and virtual classrooms they prefer written to oral communication. In online classes, students perceive lecturers as less real. Elements that improve the realization of cognitive and social presence in online classes are an intensification of verbal and non-verbal elements of communication, the use of emoticons, appropriate humor, and personal experiences that contribute to better interaction, a more pleasant teaching atmosphere, and greater concentration on work.

Stylistic and Rhetoric Elements on Memes in Education Context: A Critical Discourse Analysis

In this digital age, the presence of internet memes becomes a common way to share information online. People may use different stylistic and rhetoric elements to communicate their ideas and convey a particular meaning. This paper aimed to analyze stylistic and rhetoric elements employed in the selected memes in education context by using Van Dijk Critical Discourse Analysis. The data were forty memes related to education which were collected from four Instagram groups, namely itb.receh, school_life memoriess, 9gag.com, and memeindonesia.real. This research utilized descriptive qualitative method. The result showed that in stylistic, the most dominant dictions used were slang and denotative. The high frequency of using slang is done as a strategy to express a sense of familiarity to audiences and to show portrait of daily basis situation in students’ lives, while the use of denotative dictions conveys clear understanding and avoid misinterpretation toward these memes. Furthermore, in rhetoric elements, no metaphor is found in the selected memes while graphics is mostly used in the memes to highlight important parts. It was delivered through the production of words in bigger size, bold, different colour, different type of fonts, words which are crossed out, and the use of emoticon. Graphic provides a visual representation for audiences and these highlighted words help them comprehend messages and values which the writer is trying to deliver.

Hate Speech Detection by Using Rationales for Judging Sarcasm

The growing number of social media users has impacted the rise in hate comments and posts. While extensive research in hate speech detection attempts to combat this phenomenon by developing new datasets and detection models, reconciling classification accuracy with broader decision-making metrics like plausibility and faithfulness remains challenging. As restrictions on social media tighten to stop the spread of hate and offensive content, users have adapted by finding new approaches, often camouflaged in the form of sarcasm. Therefore, dealing with new trends such as the increased use of emoticons (negative emoticons in positive sentences) and sarcastic comments is necessary. This paper introduces sarcasm-based rationale (emoticons or portions of text that indicate sarcasm) combined with hate/offensive rationale for better detection of hidden hate comments/posts. A dataset was created by labeling texts and selecting rationale based on sarcasm from the existing benchmark hate dataset, HateXplain. The newly formed dataset was then applied in the existing state-of-the-art model. The model’s F1-score increased by 0.01 when using sarcasm rationale with hate/offensive rationale in a newly formed attention proposed in the data’s preprocessing step. Also, with the new data, a significant improvement was observed in explainability metrics such as plausibility and faithfulness.

Exploring Digital Love: A Conversational Analysis of Online Courtship among Adults

This study explores the shift from traditional to digital courtship, focusing on individuals aged 18-50, active on dating apps and social media. It identifies types of Conversation Analysis such as Adjacency Pairs and Topic Management. Interestingly, the study finds that respondents commonly reciprocate gestures and respond cautiously to unknown messages. It also highlights the prevalent use of emoticons and humor in online courtship. Consequently, the research concludes that the suitor typically initiates the conversation in online dating, and respondents have varied approaches to building relationships. In light of these findings, the study recommends awareness of the diverse user base and potential risks in online dating.

Sentiment analysis based on BiLSTM with attention mechanism on Chinese comment with stickers

As the Internet is progressively becoming larger and more intricate, more and more users of various social media choose to post their comments to express their opinions and thinking on those platforms. Analyzing the emotions contained in user comments holds great business value, helping to accurately perceive user consumption habits and improve user service levels. However, the use of emoticons and stickers in comments has increased dramatically in recent years, which brings new challenges to text sentiment analysis based on natural language processing. In this paper, in order to alleviate the above problems, we propose a method for analyzing the sentiment of Chinese comments based on the attention mechanism and BiLSTM. Specifically, we partitioned the original dataset from the Weibo platform according to the number and type of emoticons in the comments. By analyzing the actual data, the specific features of emojis that affect the performance of sentiment analysis are identified, and corresponding explanations are given. In addition, a hypothesis is proposed to quantify the impact of emoticons on model effectiveness. All the results demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed method.

Marketing Communication Barriers in Computer Mediated Communication with Chat Features in E-commerce Applications


 
 
 
 The role of media connected to the internet has resulted in many changes, especially in the communication process through this media. Communication carried out through e-commerce is a form of computer-mediated communication, abbreviated as CMC, which is a communication process between two or more people via digital or computerized channels. This was stated by Carr (2021:4) that CMC is a process of exchanging meaning between two or more humans via digital channels. Barriers to marketing communication in CMC that occur through the seller's chat feature on the Shopee application show that there is the use of more than one account by the buyer, there is paralanguage in communication in the form of information from the seller to the buyer, the use of emoticons and emojis and stickers as communication which is considered a representation of feelings in nature. temporary or small talk, light interactions in the form of words of encouragement from buyers to sellers, phatic communication, communication that moves using other applications, information extraction carried out by sellers by looking for information about buyers who make large purchases, limited identification because only can see the name the buyer uses and how the buyer uses words or sentences in the conversation text and does not use the real name on the buyer's account.
 
 
 

Should You Put an Emoticon on Your Flag? How Subliminal Visual Stimuli Can Change Political Opinions

Abstract Political objects, like national flags, arouse emotions even when they are subliminal stimuli. Through two experiments that show subliminal stimuli to the subjects, this article analyzes if those emotions are positive or negative ones—that is to say, if they enhance an inclusive reaction or an excluding one. Besides, the article compares the intensity of the flag’s emotional effect with that of the emoticons, which are figures intended to represent emotional reactions or states. Findings confirm that the Spanish flag, as a subliminal stimulus, influences the opinions of the participants. However, it has had a lower effect than that obtained in previous, similar experiments. Emoticons produce a much more intense type of response than flags. The experiments (n = 85; n = 126) enlarge the knowledge about the emotional effects of political objects of nonconscious perception. Besides, we present an original methodological contribution: the use of emoticons to alter political views.

Email Literacy in Higher Education Institutions: A Case Study on Student-Instructor Email Communication at Dhofar University in Oman

Email is one of the means via which students in higher education institutions (HEIs) liaise with instructors to enquire about course materials, assignments, upcoming assessments and seek advice on personal or academic matters. The current study is an attempt to investigate student-instructor email communication focusing on the problematic aspects in students’ emails that affect the process of communication. The study is based on the analysis of one-hundred email messages composed and sent by undergraduate students to their instructors at Dhofar University in Oman. It is concluded that student email messages are often characterized by lack email etiquette rules, linguistic inaccuracies and traits of texting and instant messaging mediums. Several student messages, for instance, lack proper email layout and contain grammar, spelling and punctuation mistakes, indicating that reviewing emails before sending them to teachers does not take place. In addition, informal features such as use of informal vocabulary, excessive use of punctuation marks, non-standard spelling, emojis and emoticons, which reflect unawareness of formality, professionalism and university setting etiquette, are noticeable in students’ email messages. Therefore, pedagogical intervention with respect to acquisition of skills required for writing and perceiving emails is recommended. Education and guidance on the conventions governing email communication can help students communicate more effectively and professionally via email in HEIs, which will promote not only decent practices but also future employability opportunities.

THE IMPACT OF LANGUAGE CHANGES CAUSED BY TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIAL MEDIA

This research discusses language change as a result of the influence of social media. In an increasingly advanced digital era, social media has become one of the primary communication tools for individuals worldwide. This study utilizes descriptive and comparative analysis methods to explore the influence of social media on language change. Firstly, the research identifies grammar, syntax, and vocabulary changes due to social media usage. Then, the study compares the language used in traditional communication with that used in social media communication. The findings of this research indicate significant language changes due to the use of social media. There is an increase in the use of abbreviations, emoticons, and distinctive terms specific to social media that affect the way humans communicate in a digital context. Additionally, casual writing styles, non-formal language use, and the adaptation of foreign words have become characteristics of social media communication. These language changes can have both positive and negative impacts. On the positive side, social media has enabled faster and more efficient communication between individuals across the globe. Using a more casual and non-formal language can also strengthen social bonds among social media users. However, on the other hand, these language changes can also pose challenges to understanding and communication between different generations or in formal contexts.

Content Analysis of Emoji and Emoticon Use in Clinical Texting Systems

Emoji and emoticons are quickly becoming an omnipresent feature of virtual communication. As health care systems increasingly adopt clinical texting applications, it is critical to understand how clinicians use these ideograms with colleagues and how it may affect their interactions. To evaluate the functions that emoji and emoticons serve in clinical text messages. This qualitative study's content analysis of clinical text messages from a secure clinical messaging platform was conducted to assess the communicative function of emoji and emoticons. The analysis included messages sent by hospitalists to other health care clinicians. A subset of a random 1% sample of all message threads, which included at least 1 emoji or emoticon, on a clinical texting system used by a large, Midwestern US hospital from July 2020 until March 2021 were analyzed. A total of 80 hospitalists participated in the candidate threads. Whether and what kind of emoji or emoticon was deployed in each reviewed thread was tabulated by the study team. The communicative function of each emoji and emoticon was assessed according to a prespecified coding scheme. A total of 80 hospitalists (49 [61%] male; 30 [37%] Asian, 5 [6%] Black or African American, 2 [3%] Hispanic or Latinx, 42 [53%] White; of 41 with age data, 13 [32%] aged 25-34 years, 19 [46%] aged 35-44 years) participated in the 1319 candidate threads. Within the sample of 1319 threads, 7% of threads (155 unique messages) contained at least 1 emoji or emoticon. The majority (94 [61%]) functioned emotively, that is, conveyed the internal state of the sender, and 49 (32%) served to open, maintain, or close communication. No evidence was identified that they caused confusion or were seen as inappropriate. This qualitative study found that when clinicians use emoji and emoticons in secure clinical texting systems, these symbols function primarily to convey new and interactionally salient information. These results suggest that concerns about the professionalism of emoji and emoticon use may be unwarranted.

SENTIMENT ANALYSIS OF TEXT AND EMOJI DATA FOR TWITTER NETWORK

Twitter is a social media platform where users can post, read, and interact with 'tweets'. Third party like corporate organization can take advantage of this huge information by collecting data about their customers' opinions. The use of emoticons on social media and the emotions expressed through them are the subjects of this research paper. The purpose of this paper is to present a model for analyzing emotional responses to real-life Twitter data. The proposed model is based on supervised machine learning algorithms and data on has been collected through crawler “TWEEPY” for empirical analysis. Collected data is pre-processed, pruned and fed into various supervised models. Each tweet is assigned to sentiment based on the user's emotions, positive, negative, or neutral.

The Influence of Emoticons on New Product Evaluation

Emoticons are widely used to compensate for the lack of nonverbal elements in the communication process. Extant literature focuses on the benefits of using emoticons in a computer-mediated communication (CMC) context, whereas this research aimed to investigate the influence of emoticons on a new product evaluation and explore a potential boundary condition of emoticon use. A user guide for a new product was designed to examine the effect of emoticons in the knowledge acquisition context. The results showed that emoticons influence product attitude mediated by fluency elicited by emoticons, which in turn affects a product’ s perceived competency. Furthermore, the need for cognition (NFC) moderated the sequential multiple mediations; as NFC increased, perceived fluency decreased, implying that the goal of the information search is a potential boundary condition. Specifically, when the purpose of the information search was to acquire knowledge, using emoticons reduced fluency experience, resulting in low perceived product competency and a less favorable product attitude.

Повседневное деловое общение: коммерческий чат, его специфика и роль в организации быта горожан

The article deals with the study of everyday virtual business communication. The digital age has a huge impact on individuals, significantly changing their lives, and the life of society is increasingly immersed in the virtual space. The material of the study is Internet communication, specifically group communication of citizens, residents of Saratov, in one of the commercial chats: the speech of women’s clothing sellers and buyers. The purpose of the study is to show the development of the chat genre and its functioning in business communication. The methods applied are those of participant observation and of discursive analysis. The specific features of the chat were manifested in a steadily followed topic of communication (no changes of topic occur). This reflects one of the important communication practices in people’s daily lives – the one related to the purchase / sale of goods. The business sphere leaves its mark on the choice of the type of communication: a mixed type of communication (semi-official) is being implemented. The dominant communicative strategy is the strategy of cooperative speech interaction, including courtesy tactics (tactics representing initial and final contact, gratitude expression tactics, compliment tactics, etc.). These developments represent the process whereby a culture of virtual business communication based on the principle of mutual respect is being formed. The article also studies linguistic features of the chat. In the speech of the communicants, the vocabulary of the thematic group “Clothes and hats” is mainly used: blouse, turtleneck, jeans, jumper, bonnet, etc. Another word group constitutes foreign vocabulary related to the world of fashion which has not yet been fixed in the Russian language (jeggings, snood, skinny, moms, etc.). Conversational signals used in the chat include diminutives (blouse, skirt, novelty), communicatives (for example, the conjunction A used in the initial position in interrogative constructions). The chat contains manifestations of the official business style in the field of trade – professional speech stereotypes: available, new arrival, etc. Attention is drawn to the use of emoticons: their set is limited and chat-specific. Chat communication can be defined as effective communication that improves the life of citizens.

The Use of Emojis and Emoticons by Teachers – as a Link with the World of Students (?)

The article concerns the use of emojis and emoticons by teachers in the classroom and was written to draw attention to the educational use of these signs and symbols and to encourage wider possibilities of using them in education. In the first part of the text, considerations will be presented on the importance of emojis and emoticons in modern communication and the origins of the appearance of these characters in our society. In the second part, the results of a research survey conducted among teachers and students at Kielce schools and their parents in 2022 will be presented. An element of the research reconnaissance was also the analysis of websites devoted to emojis and emoticons used in the school classroom. In the last part of the article, conclusions will be presented that teachers most often use emojis and emoticons for educational tasks, as an element of assessment, as an “addition” to the assessment, as a separate assessment and a reward for completing the task and or a motivational element. Emojis and emoticons are mainly used in early childhood education, as they are positively received by younger students. Older students reserve these symbols rather for their peers, gradually distance themselves from the older generation (to which the teachers belong) and mock attempts by teachers to introduce these elements in the older classes. Parents mostly understand the use of these signs by teachers in the classroom. However, there are those who criticize the possibility of their use in schools.

Exploring the Use of Austin’s Theory of Illocutionary Acts in Different Social Interactions

This paper reviews how Austin’s illocutionary act theory is used in face-to-face communication and online communication. In the aspect of face-to-face interaction, this paper places attention on the use of polite language and interaction in ESL (English as a second language) classrooms. In terms of online interaction, this paper explored interaction on Facebook and the use of memes, emoticons, emojis and stickers. After reviewing several research, this paper concluded that when talking face-to-face, the level of formality, gender, and cultural background affects people’s polite language. In ESL classrooms, the power, distance and rate of imposition affect teachers’ and students’ choice of language. However, the result of speech acts preference on Facebook is conflict. Previous research pointed out that memes can be categorized as communicative speech acts. Evidence shows that positive emoticons are preferred, which can improve friendships and vice versa. The review of literature contributes to further studies on the illocutionary act analysis of ESL classrooms in China and the communicative effectiveness of memes on the receivers.

Jezik diskusionih foruma na relacijama student-student i student-sadržaj

Discussion forums, as a form of asynchronous communication, represent an auxiliary tool in teaching that helps students to be involved in a discussion on a given topic, regardless their obligations, level of knowledge of a foreign language, or inhibitions when expressing themselves in a foreign language. The aim of the paper is to analyze two relationships in asynchronous communication: student-student (interpersonal register) and student-content (subject register), as well as the linguistic characteristics of discussion forums (media register). The paper will analyze the frequency of personal forms (first and second person singular and plural), shorter forms of auxiliary verbs and negation, passive, nominalization, as well as the sentence structure complexity in discussion forums created during the course in English for Professional Purposes, in the field of computing, at the Faculty of Technical Sciences in Novi Sad. Additionally, the analysis will be supplemented by the analysis of emoticons and abbreviations, since they form an indispensable part of the Internet language. All analyzed elements were present in two analyzed corpora, although with significant differences in frequency. In the corpus related to the student-student relationship, a greater use of personal forms, a greater degree of interactivity in the text, a large representation of shorter forms of auxiliary verbs and negation, a simpler sentence structure, as well as a greater use of abbreviations and emoticons were observed. It can be concluded that the analyzed corpus in the student-student relationship is more similar to oral discourse - it has the characteristics of everyday speech. In the student-content corpus, on the other hand, the sentences are longer and more complex with a large number of nominalizations and a smaller number of personal forms, while the use of the passive voice is very frequent, which indicates a focus on the text, but also distancing from the text and the object of communication. These features make the analyzed corpus in the student-content relationship more similar to a written discourse, i.e., a more scientific text. Finally, the paper concludes that the language of discussion forums depends on the very context in which communication takes place.

Stylistic features of the Chinese-language artistic and scientific Internet discourse

The article examines stylistic features of Chinese-language fiction and scientific Internet discourse. It considers the concept of "internet discourse", as well as the concepts of "fiction discourse" and "scientific discourse", gives an explanation of certain lexical and grammatical features of the Chinese language. Their manifestation in the considered types of Internet discourse is analyzed. It is noted that the vocabulary of fiction Internet discourse tends to simplification, abbreviations, the use of idioms and catchphrases for greater concentration of information. The authors also use onomatopoeia to imitate the sounds of the surrounding reality by phonetic means of speech. It is shown on examples how, in contrast to popular science texts, the authors of fiction works use reduplication much more often, thereby creating a language more favorable for communication. It is explained why there are quite a lot of slang words in the artistic works of online discourses, which decorate and distinguish the work of the authors. This phenomenon reflects the existence of many dialects and changes in the language, the use of slang words depends on the origin of the author, as well as the emotional color that the author wants to reproduce. The use of linguistic stylistic means is highlighted on the examples of popular scientific and fiction texts. The lexical and grammatical means of expressiveness of the Chinese language of the texts published on the Internet are analyzed. It is indicated that an important feature of Internet works is the use of emoticons and various signs in the texts (smiley of tears, emoticon of shyness, etc.). The functioning of linguistic and stylistic means in the scientific and artistic type of Internet discourse is shown in the comparison. At the grammatical level, fiction and popular science texts are almost the same, there is the use of exclamation points for greater unity between the author and the reader, but in popular science texts they are more restrained and occur only when the author quotes his clients. There is a significant difference between popular science text and fiction. It is noted that the authors of the fiction discourse try to have more contact with the readers, conditionally involve them in the creation of the finale of the fiction work.

Emoticon and Its Impact on Social Culture in the Context of New Media

The development of information technology promotes the continuous upgrading of media. The emergence of new media has brought about changes in language symbols. The rise and popularity of network emoticons are the result of media technology, audience demand and cultural logic. The essence of Internet emoticons is an auxiliary means of Internet communication with the function of emoticons, which is mainly used to express the emotions and attitudes of both parties. Especially in the communication of youth groups, it carries not only a simple symbolic meaning, but also a new emotional expression and a unique subculture. But the network excessive entertainment, also easy to bring some effects. By examining the influencing factors of new media language, this paper discusses the use and influence of emoticons in the context of new media, in order to attract attention and reflect on youth group culture.