Use Of Electronic Communication Research Articles

Product Liability and E-commerce in Ghana: Focusing Ghana’s Regulatory Framework on Consumer Protection

The e-commerce industry in Ghana has experienced significant development over the past fifteen years. E-commerce platforms like Jumia, Tonaton, and Jiji attract significant daily internet traffic.The growth of the e-commerce industry raises questions about the protection of online consumers. This paper evaluates the degree to which Ghana’s Electronic Transactions Act 2008 (Act 772) safeguards the rights of consumers who use e-commerce platforms. While commending the Act for its provisions on disclosure, unsolicited electronic communications, and a consumer’s choice to affirm or rescind an electronic contract based on the seller’s non-compliance, this paper argues that the Act is inflexible in the remedies it provides consumers and does not sufficiently cover other aspects of consumer protection such as the obligation of suppliers and consumers in lastmile delivery. This paper recommends the adoption of some provisions of the Convention on the International Sale of Goods and the Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts to fill the gaps identified to ensure consumer protection and the integrity of e-commerce transactions in Ghana.

ВИТОКИ СТАНОВЛЕННЯ І РОЗВИТКУ ПРАВОВОГО РЕГУЛЮВАННЯ ЗАПОБІГАННЯ МОБІНГУ В СИСТЕМІ ДЕРЖАВНОЇ КРИМІНАЛЬНО-ВИКОНАВЧОЇ СЛУЖБИ УКРАЇНИ

The issue of mobbing within the penitentiary system requires a comprehensive approach to studying the problem and addressing it within the state structure. For a long time in Ukrainian law, defining the concept of “mobbing” was challenging, leading to reliance on foreign experience, particularly in labor law. Ukrainian psychologists and managers, mirroring their foreign counterparts, emphasized the need for protection against mobbing, viewing it as an applied task requiring managerial resources like specialized training, mediation for conflict resolution, and the development of corresponding legal norms. The Law of Ukraine “On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of Ukraine on Prevention and Counteraction to Mobbing (Harassment)” came into effect on December 11, 2022, introducing the term “mobbing” into Ukrainian legislation. The law defines mobbing as actions by employers or individual employees aimed at demeaning the dignity and reputation of an employee, encompassing psychological and economic pressure, electronic communication use, or creating a hostile work environment. Consequently, since 2022, “mobbing” in Ukraine is legislatively recognized as a negative phenomenon primarily in labor relations. In the context of the penitentiary system, legal relationships often intersect with labor law, and the internal labor market of the penitentiary system has its peculiarities, engaging convicts in socially beneficial work. The evolving legal regulation of mobbing prevention within the penitentiary system should be examined in three stages: legal inheritance (before 2005), legislative improvements (2005–2022), and new challenges (from 2022). The history of legal regulation in preventing mobbing in the penitentiary system demonstrates gradual improvements in Ukrainian and global legislation, adapting international standards to enhance working conditions and prevent mobbing. Continuous evaluation and enhancement of measures for mobbing prevention within the criminal-executive institutions are crucial for creating fair and dignified working conditions for employees in the Ukrainian penitentiary system. Key words: mobbing, State Criminal and Executive Service of Ukraine, legal regulation, prevention, legislation, employee.

Electronic communication between employer and employee during martial law

The article considers the need for flexibility and adaptability in managing labor relations during martial law. An important step taken by the legislator on the way of organizing personnel paperwork between the employer and the employee is the legislative consolidation of the norms that give employers the opportunity to independently determine these processes, while ensuring reliable accounting of the work done and labor costs. Under martial law in Ukraine, it is allowed to use electronic exchange of documents. This means that the employer and the employee can agree on alternative methods of creating, sending and storing official documents, such as orders or notifications. Such methods may include the use of electronic communications that are chosen by agreement between the employer and the employee. These measures are intended to help ensure the continued existence of existing labor relations and the preservation of important documentation during martial law. The introduction of such changes has become important, since martial law can complicate the usual communication procedures. These changes also help to avoid misunderstandings and conflicts. However, if the employer and the employee have not agreed on the electronic exchange of documents, then official documents must be submitted in paper form with the original signature of the author of the document. This is important because sending an application electronically does not allow the other party to verify the authenticity of the applicant’s will. It is also possible to use a phone to exchange information, although this may be less effective for some types of documents. In any case, it is important that both sides of the labor legal relationship - both the employee and the employer are aware of what methods of communication will be used, and agree with them. Under martial law, among other things, additional procedures may be introduced to ensure the effective exchange of documents. From the analysis of existing judicial practice, it is seen that in all of these methods and methods of communication, the main thing is still the fact that the employer and the employee agree between themselves on the appropriate method of exchanging documents, since the absence of a confirmed agreement will affect both the rights and obligations of the employer and the rights and obligations of the employee.

Telepsiquiatria no Brasil: construção, validação e aplicação de questionário de Conhecimento, Atitude e Prática

ABSTRACT Introduction: Telepsychiatry, defined as the use of electronic communication to provide or support remote psychiatric care, has gained prominence during the COVID-19 pandemic and the emergence of telemedicine regulations in Brazil. This study aims to assess the adoption of telepsychiatry among Brazilian psychiatrists, employing KAP (Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice) questionnaires to understand their knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to this field. Objective: Constructing, validating, and applying a questionnaire to determine the level of knowledge, attitude, and practice of Brazilian psychiatrists regarding telepsychiatry in the past year and identifying factors associated with adequate knowledge, attitude, and practice. Method: A methodological study was conducted to construct and validate the instrument, followed by a cross-sectional study with an analytical KAP questionnaire. After the questionnaire development, psychiatry experts validated the instrument using the Delphi method. Subsequently, the questionnaire was distributed to psychiatrists across Brazil through social networks and the Brazilian Psychiatric Association. Data analysis was performed using the Stata 12.1 software, employing multivariate Poisson analyses. Results: The KAP questionnaire was validated with a high degree of agreement among the experts. Among the participants, 68.3% demonstrated adequate knowledge, 80.1% had an adequate attitude, and 81.2% exhibited adequate practices concerning telepsychiatry. The multivariate analysis revealed significant associations, such as adequate attitudes being linked to not practicing in medical offices and providing care to children, while adequate practices were associated with providing care to both the elderly and adolescent patients. Conclusion: The study concludes that the KAP questionnaire is valid and can be applied in future research. It underscores the significance of telepsychiatry in the practices of Brazilian psychiatrists, with notable differences in adequate attitudes and practices based on the age groups of treated patients. These findings indicate the need to consider these variables when implementing telepsychiatry, contributing to guiding mental health policies and specific clinical practices for different age groups.

Usage patterns of electronic devices for communication and prevalence of nomophobia among General Certificate of Education Advanced Level students in Colombo, Sri Lanka

Introduction: Nomophobia is becoming an increasing concern as a result of inappropriate use of electronic communication devices.Objectives: To describe the pattern of use of electronic communication devices and the prevalence of nomophobia among General Certificate of Education (GCE) Advanced Level (A/L) students in Colombo Educational Zone.Method: This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out from January to March 2020 in six of the randomly selected government and government approved private schools within the Colombo Education Zone. A self-administered questionnaire including a culturally adapted nomophobia-questionnaire was used. Data were analysed using SPSS-20.Results: Of 337 students, 336 (99.7%) were regularly using a device for communication, the most preferred (n=319) being mobile phone; 213 owned a mobile phone; 60.4% were spending ≥2 hours/day with these devices, 10.1% spending >5 hours/day. Common uses of devices were listening to music (96.7%), taking photos (85.4%), sending text messages (84.8%) and academic activities (84.5%). Prevalence of moderate and severe nomophobia was 49.8% and 34.2% respectively. Prevalence of severe nomophobia was significantly higher in females (p<0.001) and those studying in grade 13 (p=0.036), government schools (p=0.002), Sinhala-medium (p=0.017) and Science stream (p=0.024).Conclusions: Among GCE A/L students in Colombo, Sri Lanka, 99.7% were regularly using a device for communication. Prevalence of moderate and severe nomophobia was 49.8% and 34.2% respectively.

Communication in Emergency Situations – the Covid 19 Pandemic in Foster Families. Organization and Principles of Operation

The article contains the results of research on the organization and course of communication (contacts) in emergency situations, e.g., the COVID 19 pandemic (border closure, quarantine, social distance, epidemiological supervision). The conducted research concerned the contact of children in foster families in emergency situations with their natural parents with the use of electronic communication, which has been standardized by Polish law. The diversified involvement of natural parents in contacts as well as the low use of electronic communication means for contacts was indicated. The obtained research results make it possible to recommend the use of children in foster families in emergency situations with natural parents from electronic communication means in emergency situations, such as pandemics, epidemics, long-term separation in the vast majority of cases. Such solutions should be legally established as alternatives. The conducted research and analysis of results supplement the knowledge in the field of communication, education and organizational solutions for communication in emergency situations. The author, analyzing the common phenomenon of the effectiveness of contacts between natural parents and children staying in foster families in emergency situations, analyzed the involvement of the natural family and foster family from the perspective of emergency situations and the possibilities offered by electronic communication means.

Pedagogical Support for Ukrainian War-Affected Children: Future Teachers’ Readiness to Work in Crisis. Comparative Analysis of Research Results in Ukraine and Poland

The significance of the defined issue of psychological and pedagogical support of children affected by the russian military aggression in Ukraine (2022-2023) is substantiated in the article based on the analysis of scientific literature and monitoring of media resources. Several types of crimes against Ukrainian children are presented, such as kidnapping, deportation, forced russification, etc. The questionnaire has been developed and the results of the survey of Ukrainian and Polish students (prospective teachers) with pedagogical experience of dealing with temporarily displaced persons due to the war are presented. Typical challenges they face from a psychological and pedagogical perspective have been identified: psycho-emotional worries of students; communication problems in educational activities; homesickness (which can sometimes be accompanied by depression, sleep disorders and high levels of anxiety); adaptation to new surroundings; periodic air raids, military operations (like those in Ukraine); low motivation to study, lack of interest; double workload for students in Poland (studying in Ukrainian schools online and in foreign schools offline), etc. Based on the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the questionnaire findings, recommendations for the professional training of future teachers to deal with children in crisis, in particular children with war trauma, are proposed. The author emphasizes the importance of developing infomedia literacy, critical thinking, future teachers’ skills in creating a media lesson, and media hygiene as the use of electronic communication and distance learning is a priority in the post-war period and requires information safety from ideological manipulations. Considerable emphasis is given to the development of teacher resilience as the capacity of the human psyche to recover, increase stress resistance, and prevent burnout when dealing with students who have suffered from russian aggression or are experiencing other crisis conditions

Cyberbullying and Depression among Chinese Youth

Cyberbullying is the use of electronic communication to harass, insult, or cause harm to a person via the Internet. Cyberbullying has become more prevalent in todays society, and young people who experience it frequently feel isolated and helpless, potentially contributing to the rising rate of depression. However, little research has been conducted on the depression caused by cyberbullying among Chinese high school students. Therefore, this study focuses on the current state of depression among Chinese high school students and its correlation with age, gender, and city level. The questionnaire used was a modified Chinese version of the CES-D scale and was distributed via social media to 184 current Chinese high school students from various regions. After conducting a pilot study, the language of the Chinese version of the CES-D scale has been adjusted to become more understandable for students. Participants filled out an online questionnaire, and SPSS was used to analyse the data. Male students have a slightly lower average total depression score (M = 62.74) than female students (M = 65.71). There was no correlation between gender and student depression. Furthermore, there is no significant correlation between school location and depression levels (p = 0.084, p > 0.05). In addition, the overall Pearson correlation score indicates that depression and age are correlated with a weak association of 0.178 and a significance of 0.016 (p = 0.016, p < 0.05).

Electronic Communications in Information and Analytical Activities

The goal of the work. The scientific problem is highlighted with the aim of systematizing and summarizing the known and new knowledge about electronic communications in information and analytical activities from the point of view of the present and the prospects of their use. The research methodology consists in the application of methods of description, information diagnostics, review and analysis, generalization and system approach. The scientific novelty of the work consists in the generalization and systematization of known and new knowledge about electronic communications in analytics from the point of view of the present and the prospects of their use within one study. Conclusions. The article highlights the current opinions of researchers and the author's position on the use of electronic communications in information and analytical activities, and in this connection reveals new opportunities and advantages of modern online (operational) analytics, while pointing out the existing threats and dangers associated with with digitization and automation of information processes. The works of domestic researchers were analyzed: O. Adler, I. Vinnikova, V. Glowatskyi, O. Kalita, O. Oksentiuk, P. Pucenteilo, I. Khvalchyk., L. Voloshchuk, K. Shaposhnikova and others. Their modern views on the use of electronic communications in information and analytical activities formed the basis of the presentation of the main material. It is emphasized that we have an objective process of development of electronic information technologies and it depends on our choice whether we will have competitive advantages, using them with maximum benefit. Separate information technologies, their advantages and possibilities of application in information and analytical activities are described. Based on the studied material, the logic of the information-analytical process, the author suggests the use of certain electronic communications depending on the subject of analysis and other factors. The methodology is based on the systematic use of electronic technologies in the information and analytical process. The practical use of these technologies clearly affects the speed and quality of management decision-making, which will contribute to the efficiency of any activity. Keywords: information and analytical activity, digitalization, electronic communication, electronic resources, information technologies, management decision.

Login of CCRAS Ayur Prakriti web portal

Information Technology drives this digital era (IT) enabled services. IT has evolved rapidly with the integrated use of electronic communication, computers, the internet of things (IoTs), and other allied devices in almost every domain. IT software and hardware tools are considered the backbone of research as they produce results from data samples quickly, efficiently, and reliably. Integrated calculations from multitier data samples require customized IT tools per the research requirements and the standard IT tools available in the market. Organizations hire IT services and human resources to design, develop and implement such tools. The Prakriti Assessment Scale developed by the Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences (CCRAS), Ministry of Ayush, Government of India, is a scale to assess the Prakriti (somatic constitution) of an individual. Based on the requirement of Prakriti assessment at multiple locations simultaneously and compilation of results for analysis, an integrated web-based solution- Ayur Prakriti Web Portal has been developed by CCRAS, which is the digital conversion of the Prakriti Assessment Scale. Currently, the Ayur Prakriti portal is in the Beta testing phase. This article will provide a technical review of the features and parameters defined in the CCRAS - Ayur Prakriti web portal login page from an IT perspective. It will also provide a comparative analysis of business processes followed in the Prakriti Assessment software viz-a-viz standard business processes to be followed in application software as per the software design guidelines/standards. The objective of this article is to carry out a situational analysis focusing on design steps taken for developing the Ayur-Prakriti Web Portal.

Electronic Communication of Entrepreneurs during the Covid-19 Pandemic in the Czech Republic

The aim of this article is to find out the attitudes of business entities towards the helpfulness and frequency of the use of electronic communication with government administration institutions in the Czech Republic during the Covid-19 pandemic. The research was conducted in the form of a questionnaire survey of 464 respondents. Based on the primary research, the change in the use of electronic communication was verified. The most important factors influencing satisfaction in communication are functionality, speed and delivery confirmation. The increased need for electronic communication was found especially in micro and small enterprises and in the services sector.

Elektronska komunikacija u porodičnoj medicini

Traditional communication between physicians and patients consists of verbal and non-verbal communication. Non-verbal communication can emphasize, modify, or supplement a message that is verbally conveyed and reduce the possibility of misunderstanding. Web applications offer the ability to communicate with physicians and patients outside the healthcare facility. E-mail communication of the selected physician and patient is defined as electronic communication of doctors and patients in a contractual relationship in which the health information provider bears responsibility for the patient's health as his or her chosen physician. A literature review was conducted based on European and American studies reports to determine whether the use of electronic communication in family medicine could contribute to improving the quality of health care. The search for PUBMED, BMJ, JMIR and OVID was performed using the terms: electronic communication, family medicine, email, physician, patient. The most important benefits of electronic communication in family medicine are the simplicity and increased efficiency of communication, the expansion of resources and the ability to communicate, saving time and the ability to print electronic messages. The disadvantages lie in the potential compromise of confidentiality, the lack of monetary compensation and overload of the doctors, the potential for miscommunication, diagnostic error and unrealistic user expectations. Information technology must not replace traditional physician-patient communication. Although the results of the available studies have not provided strong enough evidence to broaden the introduction of electronic communications into everyday practice, adhering to the guidelines of good clinical practice, email and other forms of internet communication could contribute to improving the quality of primary care.

Metaheuristic Optimized Ensemble Model for Classification of SMS Spam in Computer Networks

By use of electronic communication, we are able to communicate a message to the recipient. In this digital age, a collaboration between several people is possible thanks to a variety of digital technologies. This interaction may take place in a variety of media formats, including but not limited to text, images, sound, and language. Today, a person's primary means of communication is their smart gadget, most commonly a cell phone. Spam is another side effect of our increasingly text-based modes of communication. We received a bunch of spam texts on our phones, and we know they're not from anyone we know. The vast majority of businesses nowadays use spam texts to advertise their wares, even when recipients have explicitly requested not to receive such messages. As a rule, there are many more spam emails than genuine ones. We apply text classification approaches to define short messaging service (SMS) and spam filtering in this study, which effectively categorizes messages. In this paper, we use machine learning algorithms and metaheuristic optimization to determine what percentage of incoming SMS messages are spam. This is why we used the optimized models to evaluate and contrast many classification strategies for gathering data.

Evaluating the quality of the relationship between health workers and patients/caregivers during the Covid-19 pandemic: a review

The SARS-Covid 19 pandemic has produced a change in the relationship between health professional and patient and between doctors and family members. Restrictions to avoid the spread of the virus encouraged the use of electronic communication in interactions and the use of face masks in hand-to-hand contact, reducing the possibility of communication.Communication has changed, losing important non-verbal components and partly body language. This change riskedimpoverishing the relationship between doctor/nurse and patient/family, as the role of non-verbal communication isvital in healthcare (Diamare et al., 2021). Indeed, facial expressions, gestures, eye contact, posture and tone of voice‘speak’ with great intensity, becoming an important tool for healthcare professionals in understanding symptoms.To this end, it was decided to implement a health and business psychology survey to analyze any emerging needs andto improve the quality of the relationship in the healthcare facilities participating in the survey. Therefore, questionnaires were administered to healthcare professionals and patients/caregivers in order to investigate how they interactand their different points of view on similar issues.

Use of Electronic Communication with Clinicians Among Cancer Survivors: Health Information National Trend Survey in 2019 and 2020.

Purpose: To describe cancer survivors' use of electronic communication (e-communication) with clinicians and identify factors associated with their use, including the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Secondary analysis included cancer survivors (N = 1,482) from the combined Health Information National Trends Survey HINTS 5 Cycle 3 and Cycle 4. Survivors' use of e-communication was defined by at least one of four e-communication use behaviors in the past 12 months. Bivariate analysis and logistic regression were conducted to examine factors associated with e-communication use. All analyses considered the complex survey design using the jackknife replication method. Results: The prevalence of e-communication use was 64% among cancer survivors. The overall e-communication use slightly increased after the start of the COVID-19 pandemic (63% vs. 64%, p = 0.79). Older adults (≥65 years old) were less likely to use e-communication (odds ratio [OR] = 0.55; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.36-0.86); survivors who were white (OR = 2.30; 95% CI, 1.36-3.86), living in a metro area (OR = 2.47; 95% CI, 1.44-4.27), diagnosed with breast cancer (OR = 2.03; 95% CI, 1.06-3.88), seeking cancer-related information previously (OR = 2.89; 95% CI, 1.83-4.58), or having a regular health care provider (OR = 2.07,; 95% CI, 1.10-3.88) were more likely to use e-communication. The start of the COVID-19 pandemic was marginally associated with the increased e-communication use (p = 0.053) when other variables were controlled. Conclusion: This nationally representative survey analysis has identified disparities in e-communication use among cancer survivors and revealed the potential increase in e-communication use under the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Additional support is clearly warranted for those older, nonwhite, living in rural areas, or without a regular provider, to promote their e-communication use for the delivery of optimal and high-quality cancer care.

The Artificial Intelligence and Competition Law - Challenges for Bosnia and Herzegovina

The digital economy is characterized by new business models based on the use of electronic communications and digital technology for the production and distribution of goods and services. Big data is becoming an invaluable resource in the functioning of the digital economy. In order to survive in the market and be more competitive, firms are changing the way they make their strategic decisions and are increasingly resorting to the use of big data and technologically advanced tools, such as pricing algorithms. Companies increasingly use computer algorithms to improve their pricing models, adjust services and predict market trends, which is recognized as a model to increase efficiency. The use of algorithms in everyday business brings benefits to businesses, consumers and, ultimately, society as a whole, but it also raises a number of legal issues. Many questions also arise in competition law, which aims to protect the competition process in the market by banning certain business practices. Use of algorithms can be new sophisticated method, which will make easier for companies to reach and maintain collusion without any formal agreement or human interaction. The use of algorithms contrary to the provisions of competition law, raises the question of whether competition authorities need to improve existing tools for detecting prohibited agreements as well as a number of other issues. Bosnia and Herzegovina is a country in transition with a small open economy, which has the status of a potential candidate for EU membership. Modern competition law in Bosnia and Herzegovina is the result of foreign pressure and meeting the conditions for membership in the European Union. Lawmakers in Bosnia and Herzegovina face the challenge of harmonizing competition law with the acquis and improving methods and tools that would enable the Council of Competition, as a body to protect competition in BiH, to respond to the use of algorithms for illicit business practices. The paper aims to investigate whether and to what extent business processes in Bosnia and Herzegovina have been digitized, i.e. whether business entities use algorithms and to what extent, and whether and to what extent the BiH Council of Competition is ready for challenges of competition law in digital economy. Key words: Competition law, algorithmic cartels, digitalisation, Council of Competition

Privacy breaches and electronic communication: Lessons for practitioners and researchers.

In the era of socially distanced clinical andmedical research practices, the use of electronic communication has flourished. The Australian Information Commissioner recently ordered a Victorian general practice to pay $16,400 in compensation following a breach of privacy. This is the largest award of compensation made by the Commissioner in the context of a medical or healthcare privacy matter. The practice had inadvertently sent an email containing sensitive information to an incorrect email address. The email included information concerning the human immunodeficiency virus status ofthe complainants. The aim of this article is to provide anoverview of this important case in Australian information and privacy law, which relates to the operation of an Australian general practice and research activity undertaken within thepractice context. In an era marked by a great increase in the use of electronic communication inthe medical setting, it is essential thatpractices both manage electronic communication well and respond appropriately when an error arises.

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SOCIAL PREVENTION OF CYBERBULING AMONG STUDENTS

The problem of virtual space violence is very relevant in Ukraine. The state's unstable situation and lack of proper punishment for cyberbullying and its prevention cause an increase in cases of this phenomenon. Cyberbullying is a problem that is rapidly spreading and causing irreparable damage to young people. The purpose of the article is to highlight the problem of cyberbullying and determine the main directions of the social worker’s work on the social prevention of cyberbullying among students. To achieve the goal of the study, a set of methods was used: analysis of social-pedagogical, psychological and pedagogical literature, comparison of scientific sources, which became the basis for determining the degree of scientific development of the problem, systematization in order to determine and clarify the basic concepts of research and existing scientific approaches to solving the specified problem, generalization - to formulate final provisions and conclusions. Theoretical study and empirical research allow us to draw the following conclusions regarding the concept of "cyberbullying" and examine its occurrence, causes, consequences and main directions of social prevention of cyberbullying. Therefore, cyberbullying is a type of bullying, but the specifics are the use of electronic communications. Cyberbullying can occur in various forms. Therefore, it can be classified into eight types, namely, disputes, or fleming, assaults, and constant debilitating attacks, slander and restatement, impostor (impersonation of oneself into another person), erase confidential information and spread it, alienate, cyber-harassment, and hepisleping. Preventive work is carried out in two directions. The first area is associated with the development of technical means that restrict unwanted content (filters, censorship), which provides social networks and websites "complain" buttons, as well as setting up the privacy of personal accounts. This area includes the creation of a system of rapid response of content providers and services, law enforcement agencies, communication operators for illegal activities and the Internet. The second area of cyberbullying prevention involves teaching Internet users the basic rules of security and correct behavior towards other community users. On the basis of theoretical study and empirical research, the main directions of social prevention of cyberbullying were revealed and the project "Social prevention of cyberbullying among young people in the Internet space" was developed

Improvements in the Practice Application of UNCUECIC

Purpose &#8211; ‘United Nations Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts’ (UNCUECIC), established at the 60th UN General Assembly in 2005, is the most applicable law for securing legal certainty and practical predictability and is expected to remove legal obstacles in CBEC. Design/Methodology/Approach &#8211; CBEC laws, current studies, UN and UNCITRAL periodical publications, and research by the Korea Ministry of Justice and Korea Customs Service are analyzed qualitatively, focusing on issues with the CLOUT Case and practical evidence from corporations in CBEC business. Findings &#8211; The practical necessities of UNCUECIC are suggested by reviewing cases from UNCITRAL and CBEC corporations. First, UNCUECIC provides a legal certainty, removes legal obstacles and increases practical predictability. Second, the convention allows technological neutrality, accepting all forms of electronic communication to create, deliver, and store regardless of technology or media referring to ‘Form of Freedom’. Third, it allows all forms of electronic communication with functional equivalence. Research Implications &#8211; First, a certified electronic address satisfies the form requirement. Since the information system is vulnerable to the authenticity due to legal uncertainty, it can secure legal certainty and practical predictability in CBEC. Second, an interpretation like ISBP unifies practices and reduces risks in contracts. Also, it removes ambiguous clauses for dispatch and receipt. Therefore, it provides practical clearness, uniformity, and predictability Third, the effort of individuals, and corporations, and governments are strongly suggested. Training and technical support, currently focused on the improvement of export competency, should move to uniformed legal training, solving issues, and, as a consequence, increase practical predictability.