Use Of Electrical Devices Research Articles

Thermoelectric properties of MoS2-MoTe2 and MoS2-MoSe2lateral hetero-structures: The effects of external magnetic, transverse electric fields and nanoribbon width

Extensive research is underway to improve the thermoelectric properties of materials by enhancing the figure of merit (ZT). In this study, we are investigating the thermoelectric properties of MoS2/MoTe2 and MoS2/MoSe2 lateral heterostructures (LH-S) under the influence of external magnetic fields (EMF) and transverse electric fields (TEF). We employ the non-equilibrium Green's function (N-EGF) and tight-binding (TB) methods for our analysis. The results obtained indicate that the ZT for MoS2-MoTe2 and MoS2-MoSe2 LH-S enhanced with an increase in the TEF. The ZT of MoS2-MoSe2 LH-S increases near room temperature, while the ZT of MoS2-MoTe2 LH-S increases with an increase in EMF across the entire temperature range. Additionally, the ZT for MoS2-MoSe2 LH-S increases with an increase in the nanoribbon width, whereas for MoS2-MoTe2 LH-S, it decreases. The results reveal that the semiconductor type of MoS2-MoSe2 and MoS2-MoTe2 LH-S changes from n-type to p-type when subjected to EMF and transverse TEF. The examination of the temperature dependence of ZT in the presence of TEF and EMF for MoS2-MoTe2 and MoS2-MoSe2 LH-S indicates that these structures are highly promising candidates for use in electrical devices.

The Use of Electric Prodders on Rodeo Horses in Australia: Regulatory Inconsistency and Potential Illegality

Inflicting electric shock on a horse can cause significant pain for which they are not adapted. This is recognised in the animal welfare legislation of all Australian jurisdictions, which prohibit the use of electrical devices on horses. However, rodeo horses are exempted from this protection in some jurisdictions. This article analyses the regulatory framework to determine if legislative exemptions result in different legal protections for horses depending on whether they are used in rodeos or horse racing. It also considers instances of actual use of electrical devices on horses to determine whether the current regulatory framework is capable of enforcement. It argues that possession of electric prodders near horses at rodeos should be made an offence in all jurisdictions.

Impact of Extremely Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields on Skeletal Muscle of Sedentary Adult Mice: A Pilot Study.

Extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMFs) are ubiquitous in industrialized environments due to the continuous use of electrical devices. Our previous studies demonstrated that ELF-EMFs affect muscle cells by modulating oxidative stress and enhancing myogenesis. This pilot study investigated these effects on the skeletal muscles of sedentary adult mice, assessing physiological responses to ELF-EMF exposure and potential modulation by antioxidant supplementation. Male C57BL/6 mice were exposed to ELF-EMFs (0.1 or 1.0 mT) for 1 h/day for up to 5 weeks and fed a standard diet without or with N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC). The results showed transient increases in muscle strength (after 2 weeks of exposure at 1.0 mT), potentially linked to muscle fiber recruitment and activation, revealed by higher PAX7 and myosin heavy chain (MyH) expression levels. After ELF-EMF exposure, oxidative status assessment revealed transient increases in the expression levels of SOD1 and catalase enzymes, in total antioxidant capacity, and in protein carbonyl levels, markers of oxidative damage. These effects were partially reduced by NAC. In conclusion, ELF-EMF exposure affects skeletal muscle physiology and NAC supplementation partially mitigates these effects, highlighting the complex interactions between ELF-EMFs and antioxidant pathways in vivo. Further investigations on ELF-EMFs as a therapeutic modality for muscle health are necessary.

Hybrid Power System Design and Dynamic Modeling for Enhanced Reliability in Remote Natural Gas Pipeline Control Stations

The most rapid and efficient method to transport natural gas from its source to its destination is through a pipeline network. The optimal functioning of control stations for natural gas pipelines depends on the use of electrical devices, including data loggers, communication devices, control systems, surveillance equipment, and more. Ensuring a reliable and consistent power supply proves to be challenging due to the remote locations of these control stations. This research article presents a case study detailing the design and dynamic modeling of a hybrid power system (HPS) to address the specific energy needs of a particular natural gas pipeline control station. The HOMER Pro 3.17.1 software is used to design an optimal HPS for the specified location. The designed system combines a photovoltaic (PV) system with natural gas generators as a backup to ensure a reliable and consistent power supply for the control station. Furthermore, it provides significant cost savings, reducing the cost of energy (COE) by USD 0.148 and the annual operating costs by USD 87,321, all while integrating a renewable energy fraction of 79.2%. Dynamic modeling of the designed system is performed in MATLAB/Simulink R2022a to analyze the system’s response, including its power quality, harmonics, voltage transients, load impact, etc. The experimental results are validated using hardware in the loop (HIL) and OPAL-RT Technologies’ real-time OP5707XG simulator.

Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Childhood Obesity and Overweight in Erbil City, Kurdistan, Iraq: A Household Survey

The prevalence of overweight and obesity has increased dramatically during the last three decades. It is estimated that 170 million youngsters (under the age of 18) worldwide are overweight. Obesity is commonly regarded as one of the most significant public health problems of the early 21st century due to its rapid rise and severe public health consequences. According to previous research, the prevalence rate of obesity and overweight increased in Erbil. This study aims to determine the prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity rates in Erbil. This study was a household survey based on a cross-sectional study that was conducted, and a multi-stage sampling strategy was used to choose the study sample. A questionnaire was conducted to collect the data, SPSS was used for analysing the data, and Chi-square (X²), was used to identify any kind of association between different variables in the study, whereas the p-value was considered (0.05). Regarding ethical approval, the study was conducted under the guidelines of the ethical approval research committee in the College of Medicine. In this research, the prevalence rate of obesity and overweight was 30.4%, 7.7% of them were obese, and 22.7% were overweight. The obesity rates between males and females were not different. Lifestyle and habit had an impact on increasing weight gain, though the number of meals, outside eating, fast foods, and snacks between meals were statistically not significant. However, eating without hunger was significant the p-value was (0.008). On the other hand, the children's habit of using electronic devices, smartphones, and other devices was significant, either using their mobile phone or their parent's phone. In conclusion, in Erbil city, the prevalence rate of obesity and overweight was dramatically increased, as well as the lifestyle factor that contributed to the development of these conditions, especially among those children exposed to multi-screen devices. According to these results, families have to improve their lifestyles and decrease the use of electrical devices by children.

Application Design of A Multiple Power Source Monitoring System Based On The Internet Of Things (IOT)

At the present time, technology is developing rapidly in various scientific fields. People continue to develop and research the latest technologies to make human life easier. One of them is in the field of IoT (Internet of Things) technology. The use of electrical devices in each power source has different electrical power consumption. And this often happens, so when using electrical equipment, each power source is a tool for monitoring the use of electrical power, so that the use of electrical power in multiple power sources is in accordance with the required power. Therefore, a tool is designed that can facilitate the performance of activities to monitor the use of electric power, the results of which can be displayed through LCD 16X2 and can be informed through the Internet. The purpose of this research is to design an IoT-based electric power monitoring system to facilitate the monitoring of electric power consumption in multiple IoT-based power sources. The method used in data collection is quantitative method. With the collection of several components needed, which are designed in this study such as voltage sensors, Ethernet shields, hub switches and Arduino Uno microcontrollers. This research will monitor IoT-based power, and can be monitored via the Internet in the form of a graphical display on a desktop application or in the form of a monitoring web page. The results showed that the average error value in testing the voltage sensor was 0.02%, the sensor for current readings had an error value of 0.19%, and the value of power was 0.18%. So it can be concluded that by having a fairly small difference and error, this tool is said to be quite good and then by testing the monitoring application system on the web page that is made capable of sending, storing and displaying data on the monitoring web page in real time every minute even with different power sources, in tests conducted with two different power sources and can be measured properly, so that testing the web monitoring application can be said to be good because it can monitor electrical power of multiple power sources.

Behavior of pedestrians when using a pedestrian crossing with traffic lights

Reducing the number of road accidents and the number of fatalities involving pedestrians remains a topical topic in Poland and European Union countries. It should be noted that the last 10 years have seen an increase in the use of electrical devices by pedestrians or cyclists, which may affect the behavior of pedestrians crossing the road. Undoubtedly, such behavior may lead to an increase in road accidents involving pedestrians, in particular when crossing pedestrian crossings. In order to investigate this problem, surveys were carried out on a group of 820 people and observational studies on 4 selected pedestrian crossings. Observational studies were conducted at fixed times on different days of the week. Particular attention was paid to whether pedestrians use a mobile phone when crossing a pedestrian crossing. The main purpose of the article is to draw attention to the problem of distraction of pedestrians by telephones. Undoubtedly, it should be emphasized that this type of behavior is very dangerous and can cause a road accident, because the pedestrian focuses his attention on the mobile phone and not on the surroundings. Surveys have shown that 15% of respondents always use their mobile phone when crossing a pedestrian crossing. However, experimental studies have shown that approximately 21% of pedestrians crossing pedestrian crossings use a mobile phone.

Epidemiological investigation of insomnia

Sleep is commonly defined as a state in which physical activities and sensory perception are greatly reduced, and it is frequently associated with our body's recuperative period. However, research has shown that sleep is also required for other vital processes such as memory consolidation and normal physiological functioning. Extensive research has shown that the areas that control our sleeping behaviour are the hypothalamus, brain stem, midbrain, and amygdala. These areas coordinate events during the non-REM and REM phases of sleep-wake cycles. GABA and adenosine, two chemical neurotransmitters, are also involved and play an important role in our sleep cycle. Insomnia has caused a slew of psychological and physiological issues such as fatigue, decreased mental concentration, irritable nature and a higher risk of heart attacks and stroke. It has reduced the patient's quality of life of the patient and have a social impact on them. Primary insomnia is defined as the inability/absence of proper sleep and impaired daily life functioning. Secondary insomnia, on the other hand, is believed to result from pre-existing medical conditions, substance abuse, or as a side effect of certain drug therapy. Insomnia is diagnosed through physical examination and the use of electrical devices to monitor sleep behavior.

Sustainable development in WPCBs treatment for production of bituminous waterproofing materials

Due to the rapidly increasing use of electrical devices, e-waste became one of the major threats to the environment. Waste printed circuit boards (WPCBs) are an integral part of electrical devices, thus the interest in their recycling is growing. Recycling of WPCBs can be performed by applying hydrometallurgical or pyrometallurgical processes, as well as vacuum pyrolysis. The main advantages of vacuum pyrolysis are eco-friendliness, economic viability and efficiency in extracting present noble metals, while pyrolysis oil occurs as a by-product. Pyrolysis oil poses a tremendous threat to the environment, due to the possibility of its spillage into water, as well as a potential release into the air and soil. Because of this, the pyrolysis oil was subjected to chemical treatment with different reagents, such as sodium hydroxide, calcium oxide, sulfuric acid and maleic anhydride, with the intent to solidify the material and remove unpleasant odors. Incorporation of the solidified materials into bitumen, at 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10 wt.% addition, was performed to obtain waterproofing materials. The obtained solidified and bituminous water-resistant materials were subjected to various test methods: FTIR spectroscopy, physicochemical and mechanical properties of bitumen, etc. which showed that all the tested characteristics are in accordance with values prescribed by the current standard. Toxicity Leaching Procedure (TCLP) confirmed non-hazardous characteristics of the obtained materials, except for the ones with added solidified pyrolysis oil, with Sodium hydroxide, that showed higher leaching of the phenol constituent.

Investigating the Impact of Cu2+ Doping on the Morphological, Structural, Optical, and Electrical Properties of CoFe2O4 Nanoparticles for Use in Electrical Devices.

This study investigated the production of Cu2+-doped CoFe2O4 nanoparticles (CFO NPs) using a facile sol−gel technique. The impact of Cu2+ doping on the lattice parameters, morphology, optical properties, and electrical properties of CFO NPs was investigated for applications in electrical devices. The XRD analysis revealed the formation of spinel-phased crystalline structures of the specimens with no impurity phases. The average grain size, lattice constant, cell volume, and porosity were measured in the range of 4.55–7.07 nm, 8.1770–8.1097 Å, 546.7414–533.3525 Å3, and 8.77–6.93%, respectively. The SEM analysis revealed a change in morphology of the specimens with a rise in Cu2+ content. The particles started gaining a defined shape and size with a rise in Cu2+ doping. The Cu0.12Co0.88Fe2O4 NPs revealed clear grain boundaries with the least agglomeration. The energy band gap declined from 3.98 eV to 3.21 eV with a shift in Cu2+ concentration from 0.4 to 0.12. The electrical studies showed that doping a trace amount of Cu2+ improved the electrical properties of the CFO NPs without producing any structural distortions. The conductivity of the Cu2+-doped CFO NPs increased from 6.66 × 10−10 to 5.26 × 10−6 ℧ cm−1 with a rise in Cu2+ concentration. The improved structural and electrical characteristics of the prepared Cu2+-doped CFO NPs made them a suitable candidate for electrical devices, diodes, and sensor technology applications.

ALAT PENGONTROL PERANGKAT ELEKTRONIK BERBASIS IOT MENGGUNAKAN BLYNK DAN GOOGLE ASSISTANT

Rapid technological developments have an impact on the world of industry and society. In everyday life, we are familiar with a device or equipment whose workings are controlled automatically, either semi-automatically or fully automatically. In this era of industry 4.0, there are many electronic devices that function automatically using computer systems. Onei of them is the use ofi technology for thei development ofi smart homes (smarthomes). With this innovation, the operation and use of electrical devices will be very easy, so that human work will be helped. The usei of Internet of Thingsi (IoT) technology on an electronic device, allows these devices to communicate with each other, send and receive data via an Internet pconnection.
 The purposei of this study is to controli electronic equipment, such asr lights and fans, so thati homeowners cani control these devices remotelyi. The stages carried out in the research are first, the stage of determining Software and Hardware, system design, and the last stage is testing and discussion. In this study, a microcontroller is needed, namely NodeMcu, which functions to control electrical devices, process data, send and receive data to the Blynk server. The way this system works is by issuing commands or conditions from the Google Assistant application and the Blynk application which are connected to the NodeMCU ESP8266 standalone microcontroller to run and control SmartHome devices to reduce power wasted when users forget to turn off Smart Home on Android devices

Characterization and electrical analysis of carbon-based solid lubricant coatings

• Electrophoretic deposition of different carbon nanoparticles on copper substrate. • Nanoparticle coatings protect substrate, reduce wear, and lubricate contacts. • Hierarchy in electrical contact resistance values established among nanoparticles. • Carbon nanotubes and nanohorns show promising results as electrical contact coating. The use of electrical devices has skyrocketed over the past decades, increasing the demand for electrical connectors worldwide. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to produce more reliable, energy and material efficient, and durable electrical contact material systems; particularly in low-redundancy systems, such as in passenger vehicles. This work analyzes the potential use of carbon nanoparticle coatings applied via electrophoretic deposition over copper substrates to reduce wear, require lower insertion forces, and to protect the connectors from atmospheric conditions, while reducing the gain on the overall resistance of the system. Four carbon nanoparticles were considered due to their well-known solid-lubricating capabilities, namely: graphite flakes, graphene oxide, carbon nanotubes, and carbon nanohorns. Through a comprehensive characterization of the coatings, aspects like coating topography, compactness, thickness, elasticity, and electrical contact resistance were analyzed. Carbon nanotubes and nanohorns proved to have the highest potential. In addition to their previously documented outstanding solid-lubricity and environmental protection - after chemical modification of the coatings’ surfaces - these nanoparticles showed low resistance values for loads above 4 N, i.e., below 400 mΩ. Moreover, the coatings produced were thin and homogeneous, with adequate mechanical stability, and elastic behavior.

Electrospun TaC/Fe3C–Fe carbon composite fabrics for high efficiency of electromagnetic interference shielding

Electromagnetic (EM) waves usually interfere with the normal use of electric devices leading to the necessity of developing electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials with light weight and strong reflection ability. Innovative carbon-based materials incorporated with conductive and magnetic fillers have aroused wide concern. Herein, we fabricated TaC/Fe3C–Fe carbon composite fabrics via electrospinning technology and high-temperature pyrolysis, which exhibited low density (0.34 g cm-3), excellent electrical conductivity (15.4 S cm-1), and good saturation magnetization (13.3 emu g-1). By investigating the optimum mass ratio of Ta and Fe, the maximum EMI shielding performance of 46.4 dB could be achieved with a thickness of 0.18 mm. And the loss mechanism was mainly based on reflection. It is expected to become a potential EMI shielding material in some commercial applications.

The Digitalization of the Hungarian Justice system

The development of information technology and the growing use of electric devices have had a significant impact on the Hungarian justice system. Furthermore, the recent pandemic which was caused by the coronavirus (COVID-19) also showed that in some cases it can be vital to use electronic communication in legal procedures. In our current study, we aim to analyse the recent changes and trends that affected the Hungarian civil and criminal procedures. We introduce the reader that how these procedures became more and more digitalized throughout recent years. Our article explores the practical problems and difficulties which came from the new ways of communication. After the analysis, we give proposals for the future on how the justice system can further improve.

Monthly Electricity Generatıon Forecast in Solar Power Plants with LSTM

Today, with the intensive use of electrical devices, the need for electricity has increased. Fossil fuels are generally used to meet this need. However, considering the damage caused by fossil fuels to the environment, governments make various incentives for renewable energy sources. The incentives of countries for solar power plants are quite large. Recently, there are many investors who want to build solar power plants. The sunshine duration of our country is quite high. And the fact that the climatic conditions are efficient for the generation of electricity attracts many investors. However, the installation of these power plants is quite costly. It is possible to predict the amortization periods of these costs with the ever-developing artificial intelligence technology. In this study, the energy data to be produced in the future is estimated by using real solar power plant data with machine learning algorithms. Data, take from solar power plants owned by Humartaş Energy company. In the study, predictions and analyses were made using the LSTM (Long Short-Term Memory) method, which is one of the artificial neural networks. The error rate of the study between 1% and 15%. It is foreseen that studies will also be implemented with other renewable energy sources such as wind, geothermal, hydraulic energy data in the coming stages.

State-of-the-Art Techniques in RF Energy Harvesting Circuits

The exigency for continuous use of electrical devices has created greater demands for electricity along with more efficient transmission techniques. Energy from natural resources can be solar, thermal, vibration, friction, or Radio Frequencies (RF) signals. This state-of-the-art work provides a summary of RF energy harvesting techniques and can be used as a guide for the manufacture of RF energy scavenging modules. The use of Radio Frequency (RF) Energy Harvesting (EH) technique contributes to the development of autonomous energy devices and sensors. A rectenna system includes three main units: the receiving antenna, the impedance matching network, and the rectifier. We thoroughly analyze how to design a rectenna system with special emphasis given on the design of the rectifier. At the same time many works of the last 10 years are presented. This review article categorizes the used topologies depending on the type of antennas, IMNs, and rectifiers and comparatively presents their advantages and disadvantages.

Intelligent‐Routing Algorithm for wireless body area networks (I‐RAW)

SummaryThe progressive strides in the exploration of sensing technology and the potential use of electrical devices have rendered a promising technology, termed as Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs). This technology has rendered competency to reform healthcare and making available ubiquitous health care support to remotely located patients. However, the sensor nodes which are embedded on or underneath the body of the patients to measure multifaceted physiological parameters are suffered from the limited battery constraints. In this paper, to address this issue, we propose Intelligent‐Routing Algorithm for WBANs (I‐RAW) to elongate life period of these sensor nodes. The two sinks are located on the front and back side of the patient's body that collects data from the sensor nodes which form clusters and forward the data through the cluster head (CH). We apply Tunicate Swarm Algorithm (TSA) for selection of CH which considers the essential parameters namely, residual energy, network's average energy, distance of node from the sink, path loss model, and energy consumption rate. The use of two sinks in WBAN mitigate hot‐spot problem in the network by avoiding the multi‐hop communication. The simulation results show that I‐RAW improves stability period and network operational period by 37.7% and 42.7%, respectively, as compared to Dual Sink approach using Clustering in Body area network (DSCB) protocol, respectively. Further, I‐RAW also shows supreme performance for various performance metrics as compared to other state‐of‐the‐art protocols.

Study on the Use of Electrical Devices in Smart Spaces: Professional Environment Versus Personal Environment

Abstract The article addresses the issue of the attitude of Romanian consumer regarding the electrical devices that can be used at work and at home. In the context of the growing interest for these devices worldwide, the question arises what is the interest of the Romanian consumer for such devices. The research is built on a case study and uses as a method of analysis the quantitative study with questionnaire, highlighting the level of acceptance in use of different categories of electrical devices, advantages that characterize the perception of the Romanian consumer.

Kamu Binalarında Proje Dışı Kullanılan Elektrikli Cihazların Yangın Oluşumuna ve Elektrik Tüketimindeki Artışa Etkilerinin Belirlenmesi

Son yıllarda ülkemizde meydana gelen yangınların sebebi olarak teknolojinin gelişmesine bağlı olarak artan elektrikli cihazların kullanımı gösterilmekte ve yazılan raporlarda elektrik kontağından çıkan yangın ifadesi kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada kamu binalarında oluşabilecek elektrik enerjisi kaynaklı yangınlar için bir araştırma yapılmıştır. Bunun için kamu binalarında elektrik projesi dışında kullanılan elektrikli cihazların elektrik tesisatı üzerindeki olumsuz etkileri incelenmiştir. Bu olumuz etkilerin yanı sıra yıl içerisinde elektrik tüketimindeki artışlar ve bu artışların maddi olarak ülkemize getirdiği yük ve bundan elektrik tesisatının nasıl olumsuz etkilendiği belirlenmiştir. Çalışmanın sonucunda pilot olarak seçilen kamu binasında, binanın inşası esnasında belirlenen elektrik projelerinin göz ardı edilerek proje dışı ve kontrolsüz alıcı elemanlar kullanılması bina kurulu gücünü artırmaktadır. Bina kurulu gücündeki artışlar mevcut enerji hatlarında aşırı yük, buna bağlı olarak aşırı ısınma ve yangına sebep olacağı belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca bu kontrolsüz enerji tüketiminin ciddi maliyet artışlarına sebep olduğu gözlenmiştir.

Use of ANN for Embedded Domotic System Based on IoT

Energy consumption is one factor of risk in the medium term around of the world, that can be minimized by efficient use of electrical devices include its disconnection after use. This article presents a system focused on smart homes, where the concepts of Internet of Things and Artificial Intelligence are applied in the designing of a system that allows a user from a web application to disconnect and connect an electrical network in a node. From the power of the device, time of use and consumption of this, an artificial neural network was designed and trained with the backpropagation algorithm, to discriminate between seven categories (fridge, TV, iron, dryer, lamp, computer and washing machine). A percentage of accuracy of 98.914% was obtained in the training of the network and, thanks to the feedback of the user in the web application, 99.369 and 99.174% were obtained in two cases of retraining of the network.