Use Of Dynamite Research Articles

The Implementation of Fishery Laws in Ilocos Sur

The study was conducted to determine the extent of implementation of fishery laws in the province of Ilocos Sur. It also came up with a socio-demographic profile of the respondents. Likewise, it identified the fishery laws made and implemented by the local government units. The establishment, operation of fishing infrastructures and the protection of marine environment were also assessed. The study was conducted in 18 coastal municipalities of Ilocos Sur namely, Sinait, Cabugao, Sna JUan, Magiisngal, Sto. Domingo, San Vicente, Sta. Catalina, Vigan, Caoayan, Santa, Narvacan, Sta. Maria, San Esteban, Santiag, Candon, Sta. Lucia, Sta. Cruz and Tagudin. The respondents wre the heads and personnel of the local government units in the said municipalities. This study employed the descriptive method of research with the aid of a questionnaire supplemented by interviews. Results showed that the local government units were dominated by males, mostly married, 41-50 years old and most of them were barangay captains. The most common ordinances passed were against illegal fishing methods with the use of dynamite, cyonide, and other similar activities. The municipalities of Santiago had the most number of ordinance made. The respondents which also included legislators were not aware of the following: the fishery laws passed and implemente; the violations made by the fishermen; the establishment and operation of fishery infrastructures and the regulations involved; and how teh marine environment was given protection. To sum it all, the fishery town were faily implemented by the local govenment units. The following recommendations are presented by the researchers; the local govenment units in Ilocos Sur should deepen their awareness on the existing fishery laws, pass more relevant ones and implement the same; the PNP should help in the strict implementation of the fishery laws; the fishermen should stregnthen their capability in organizing themselves purposely to cease illegal fishing; seminar-workshops and trainings on the effects of illegal fishing on the environment should be conducted so that the fishermen iwll value the importance of freshwater and marine resources.

Environmental, social and health impacts of stone quarrying in Mitrapur panchayat of Balasore district, Odisha

Excessive demand for stones due to rapid infrastructure development led to uncontrolled stone quarrying in Mitrapur panchayat of Balasore district causing serious environmental degradation and socio-economic conflict. A large numbers of tribal people of this area are dependent on stone quarrying activities for carrying their livelihood. Methodology include field observation, photo documentation and interview of local people through a predesigned structured questionnaire to know the local people perception about the impacts of quarrying. This current study was conducted through collection of data from local people of five villages namely, Chatrikhunta, Chandipur, Patana, Kathagochhi and Jamudiha of Mitrapur panchayat of Balasore. Majority tribal people of study area (53%) depends upon quarrying activity for their livelihood. Many local people complained about various negative effects of stone quarrying activities. A vast majority of respondent stated that they suffered severely from the noise pollution caused from the stone quarry related activities (83%). Major source of noise pollution were stone crushers (54%), transport of material by truck/dumper/ tractor (24%) and use of dynamite in blasting operation in quarry (22%). About 40% respondent complained about the impact of dust pollution on agriculture. The availability of water resources in the study area varied from site to site. Many health impacts like bodily pain, eye infection, sleepless nights, headache, cough and chest pain have been reported due to engagement in stone quarrying. In spite of its contribution towards development, quarrying is also responsible for several negative environmental and socio-economic impacts, particularly when quarrying activity is carried out haphazardly.

International River Summit 2019—Part II

International River Summit 2019—Part II

The state of the coal industry of Donbass at the end of the XIX – at the beginningof the XX century

The article deals with the development of coal industry of the Donetsk basin and technical support of mineral fuel production in the mines of the region in the late XIX - early XX centuries.
 The last decade of the XIX century. characterized by the concentration of coal enterprises, which led to the widespread implementation of steam lifting, drainage and ventilation devices, the use of dynamite instead of gunpowder in the conduct of underground mining; construction of better equipped and capital super-mine technological complexes. It is noted that the coal mining enterprises of Donbass in 1914, although technically lagging behind the leading capitalist countries, were relatively modernized and showed positive tendencies to their further improvement.One of the major drawbacks of the beginning of the development of the Donbass coal industry was the lack of advanced machinery. By the middle of 1914 at least 12 types of felling machines were already actively used in the mines of the Donetsk basin, moreover, the supply of disk and rod machines was carried out by British factories, chain - American, shock - British, American, and German. Cutting machines belonged to the heavy type and cost several times more than percussion. Cutting machines were driven by pneumatic or electropneumatic engines. It was emphasized that miners in search of maximum optimization and productivity of coal mining were increasingly concerned about the technical improvement of their enterprises, as the introduction of appropriate innovations could significantly affect the economic feasibility and profitability of enterprises. This was required by the technological necessity in connection with the expansion of production and the constant shortage of labor. Foreign owners and shareholders who tried to introduce advanced technologies of their countries played an important role in the implementation of innovations.
 In addition, technical improvements in mining processes not only brought economic benefits to their owners, but sometimes indirectly improved working conditions and safety at mining facilities.

The Correlation between Radon Emission Concentration and Subsurface Geological Condition

Exploration activities with standard methods have already encountered many obstacles in the field. Geological survey is often difficult to find outcrop because they are covered by vegetation, alluvial layer or as a result of urban development and housing. Seismic method requires a large expense and licensing in the use of dynamite is complicated. Method of gravity requires the operator to go back (looping) to the starting point. Given some of these constraints, therefore it needs a solution in the form of new method that can work more efficiently with less cost. Several studies in various countries have shown a correlation between the presence of hydrocarbons and Radon gas concentration in the earth surface. By utilizing the properties of Radon that can migrate to the surface, the value of Radon concentration in the surface is suggested to provide information about the subsurface structure condition. Radon is the only radioactive substance that gas-phased at atmospheric temperature. It is very abundant in the earth mantle. The vast differences of temperatures and pressures between the mantle and the earth crust cause the convection flow toward earth surface. Radon in gas phase will be carried by convection flow to the surface. The quantity of convection currents depend on the porosity and permeability of rocks where Radon travels within, so that Radon concentration in the earth surface delineates the porosity and permeability of subsurface rock layers. Some measurements were carried out at several locations with various subsurface geological conditions, including proven oil fields, proven geothermal field, and frontier area as a comparison. These measurements show that the average and the background concentration threshold in the proven oil field (11,200 Bq/m3) and proven geothermal field (7,820 Bq/m3) is much higher than the quantity in frontier area (329 and 1,620 Bq/m3). Radon concentration in the earth surface is correlated with the presence of geological faults. Peak concentrations of Radon takes place along the fault.

Fishers' Perceptions of the Recurrence of Dynamite-Fishing Practices on the Coast of Tanzania

Dynamite or blast fishing remains the most pervasive destructive fishing method in the coastal waters of Tanzania. It constitutes a major threat to small-scale fisheries through degradation of reefs and other critical habitats for fish. The Tanzanian Government has implemented several measures including a high rate of patrols and surveillance campaigns in the sea to try to deter the use of dynamite in fishing. However, most of these measures have failed to reduce its occurrence over the past years. Little is known on why existing management measures are failing to generate effective solutions to address dynamite and other forms of destructive fishing activities. This study was undertaken to examine perceptions of fishers on the persistent recurrence of dynamite-fishing activities within the present fisheries’ management regulations. A random sample of 180 individual fishers was interviewed in two coastal districts using a household survey questionnaire. Key informants, semi-structured interviews and participant observations were used to collect additional data. Almost two thirds of survey respondents felt that an apparent recurrence of dynamite fishing is attributed to the inconsistencies of the fisheries management approaches deployed to thwart the use of dynamite. However, other factors such as absence of appropriate organisation of the many involved actors, kinship ties and migrant fishers played crucial role on the persistence of dynamite fishing. There was a common perception among all survey participants that lack of trust and transparency towards and within anti-dynamite initiatives negatively impacted the involvement of fishers in their efforts to reduce the use of dynamite. An improved situation where decision-making processes are coordinated among fishers, non-governmental and governmental stakeholders is important to support ongoing management measures, in order to increase legitimacy and long-term success of efforts to get rid of destructive fishing practices among small-scale fishers in Tanzania.

Ducking for Cover: Chicago's Irish Nationalists in the Haymarket Era

This article explores the effects of the 1886 Haymarket violence and executions on Chicago's other “radical” group: Irish nationalists. Although Chicago's Irish nationalists were mainly concerned with freedom for Ireland and not radical social change in the United States, their support for violent and immediate action, and especially their use of dynamite, caused many Americans to see them in the same light as other “European radicals.” Therefore, when the execution of the Haymarket martyrs demonstrated the state's intolerance for radical discourse, Chicago's Irish nationalists took pains to separate their cause from anarchism. Their reputation as an organization of violent foreigners was hard to overcome because of the lingering effects of nativism caused by the Haymarket incident.

Dynamite fishing in northern Tanzania – pervasive, problematic and yet preventable

Dynamite fishing, although illegal, has resurfaced in recent years as a major threat to the reefs of northern Tanzania. This is despite the fact that institutional arrangements for co-management of the inshore fisheries by local communities and the district governments have been put in place and, through a 12-year donor-funded programme, numerous activities undertaken to build capacity for effective fisheries management. The use of dynamite is having widespread negative impacts, including damage to the reefs and their long-term productivity, deterrence of tourism investors, and potential threat to the large population of coelacanths in the area. The dynamite fishers are able to continue, even though enforcement efforts have been stepped up, because they are members of influential families or otherwise well-connected. Previous similar cases in Tanzania, and examples from elsewhere in the world, suggest that a major initiative is now needed to develop a zero-tolerance approach on the part of fishers and local and national leaders, that will shame the dynamiters through peer pressure, promote full implementation of sanctions and penalties by the judiciary, and lead to public recognition of and support for the work of the enforcement agencies.

Stand Tall and Speak Up: Work and Your Other Life - Navigating the Course

My favorite adage about work/life balance is not the oft-quoted saying, "No one on their deathbed ever wished they'd spent more time at the office." Instead, I prefer the advice to "write your own obituary." Although the first is a good warning, it doesn't provide much guidance. In contrast, the second supplies a technique to help you plan your life even at an advanced age. Alfred Nobel made a fortune by inventing and manufacturing dynamite. In 1888, when his brother Ludvig died, a newspaper misattributed the work of Alfred to his brother and printed the headline, "The Merchant of Death is Dead!" Disgusted by the obituary of himself, Alfred Nobel decided to use his wealth to alter his legacy. When he died 8 years later, he provided funds for awards for people whose work was of benefit to humanity and in doing so successfully turned around society's assessment of him. Today, almost no one associates Nobel Prizes with death from the use of dynamite. The exercise of writing your own obituary and thinking about what you want to accomplish is a good way to clarify your priorities. Then, you can work the inverse problem to identify the steps you must take. As Alfred Nobel's story illustrates, even if you are in the sunset of your life, it is not too late to ask yourself what you want to accomplish with the remaining time you have. Meshing career planning with work/life balance issues is challenging, because we each have different dreams and priorities. One person's perfect job is another person's worst nightmare. Also, since our family situations and goals change with time, the ideal job at one point in our life may be totally unacceptable at another time. People are not mind readers, so we must not expect someone else to intuit what we want. We must be willing to tell them what we want or to figure out for ourselves how to execute an alternative plan. We must also recognize that the choices we make may cost us promotions or rapid advancement. For me, this is the central premise of being responsible for your own career. Experience is cumulative. If, for work/life balance reasons, we choose to seek positions that do not provide the opportunities to develop certain skills, we must recognize the consequences of our actions. Later, it will be difficult to secure a job that has those skills as a prerequisite, unless we can convince people that we have equivalent competencies. Alternatively, we may be willing to take on the responsibilities of a position, but not be selected for a role that provides the experience we desire. In either case, to get past the roadblock we need to take independent action.

Colonial engineer: John Whitton 1819-1898 and the building of Australia's railways

Raised in the milieu of the great English pioneer railway engineers, George and Robert Stephenson, John Whitton conquered the Great Dividing Range in the 1860s, building transmontane lines by hand, laying them with rails of iron and with bridges of stone, before the use of dynamite and in some of the most remote and inhospitable terrain. - This book is the story of John Whitton's life and work. Like many in his profession, his origins were humble. His is a very Victorian story of social and material advancement through talent, will and mastery of production techniques. His achievement was such that, alone among engineers in Australia, he acquired an international reputation for his genius and his extraordinary achievements. - Few engineers have had so enormous or so lasting an impact as John Whitton; in many respects his railways determined patterns of settlement and development in New South Wales. - He was responsible for the building of 2131 miles (3431 km) of railway and in the process traversed terrain about as challenging as any railway engineer ever encountered. His most arduous tasks were undertaken early in his career, when railway technology was far from mature and involved pioneering techniques such as the use of zigzags to ascend mountains. - John Whitton built his railways on limited budgets and sometimes in the face of powerful opposition, which believed that the colony could not afford railways at all.

Resource Use and Tourism on a Small Indonesian Island

Small tropical islands may evoke idyllic images of clear waters, coconut palms and thatched huts, but in reality they also tend to possess limited natural resources, and are particularly susceptible to resource over-exploitation. Where tourism development occurs, not all local people benefit, or benefit equally, but they are likely to share the economic, social, and environmental problems tourism can bring. On the Indonesian island of Gili Air, many locals wish to enter the tourism industry, but limited sources of capital and credit have led them to exploit natural resources intensively to obtain capital for their ventures. Because they intend to leave traditional occupations and enter the tourism industry, they are not particularly concerned about the long-term sustainability of these resources. As a consequence, the long-term potential of tourism on Gili Air is threatened by the over-exploitation of marine-based resources, which may then exacerbate pressure on those that remain. Coral destruction from the use of dynamite and cyanide, and over-fishing, quickly make the marine environment less attractive to tourists. However, snorkelling and scuba diving are popular attractions and if the long-term viability of tourism is threatened, residents will need to rely even more heavily on the depleting marine and other resources.

Another road to the Raid: the neglected role of the Boer‐Bagananwa war as a factor in the coming of the Jameson Raid, 1894–1895

The significance of the 1894 Boer‐Bagananwa war has hitherto been accorded insufficient attention as a factor in the run‐up to the Jameson Raid. Through an examination of the war, this paper argues that Boer aggression towards the Bagananwa exacerbated existing tensions between the Uitlander community, mining interests, and the Kruger government. The Transvaal Republic's policies of compulsory conscription of men and requisitioning of war materials, was greatly resented by British citizens. The barbarous use of dynamite to blow up the caves of the Bagananwa defenders was deplored, not only on humanitarian grounds, but also because it was seen to threaten the security of labour supplies and drew attention to the contentious dynamite monopoly maintained by the Kruger government. The heavy costs of the Boer‐Bagananwa war imposed heavy demands on the Transvaal government's revenues and resulted in increased taxation of the mining industry. Thus, the 1894 war can be seen to have reinforced the grievances of th...

The Mayo Legacy in Medical Education

The Mayo Legacy in Medical Education

Cuicuilco in Retrospect

ABSTRACTCuicuilco, a monumental truncated cone, is situated about 20 km (12 miles) south of Mexico City. It was constructed a few centuries before the time of Christ during the Late Preclassic archaeological horizon. Partial excavation and removal from the base of the structure of the Pedregal lava flow by Professor Byron Cummings in 1922 to 1925 has raised certain persistent questions of procedure. Alleged damage to Cuicuilco by the use of dynamite, irresponsible restoration of the structure, questions of its fully artificial nature, its age, and the attribution of a recovered copper artifact to Aztec times rather than to the Preclassic horizon, are discussed. Finally, Cummings' loss of all field and excavation data is noted.

Waterfowl Use in Relation to Size and Cost of Potholes

Waterfowl Use in Relation to Size and Cost of Potholes

The Control of Squawfish by Use of Dynamite, Spot Treatment, and Reduction of Lake Levels

The Control of Squawfish by Use of Dynamite, Spot Treatment, and Reduction of Lake Levels

The Use of Dynamite in Anti-malarial Drainage and Reclamation of Marshes, by J. W. P. HARKNESS, O.B.E., M.A., B.Sc., M.B., Ch.B., D.P.H., Deputy-Director of Medical Services, Palestine, and M. Y. SAMAHA, M.Sc.(Harvard), A.M.I.Struct.E., Sanitary Engineer, Department of Health, Palestine

The Use of Dynamite in Anti-malarial Drainage and Reclamation of Marshes, by J. W. P. HARKNESS, O.B.E., M.A., B.Sc., M.B., Ch.B., D.P.H., Deputy-Director of Medical Services, Palestine, and M. Y. SAMAHA, M.Sc.(Harvard), A.M.I.Struct.E., Sanitary Engineer, Department of Health, Palestine

Chemical Differentiation of the Central Nervous System in Invertebrates

prove to be more sensitive to explosive shocks than those without swimbladders, and experiments showed that a half stick of dynamite may be exploded within 3 feet of a small shark, which has no swim-bladder, without producing any apparent injury. This also applies to a lesser degree to such teleosts as lack swim-bladders. Dr. S. C. Ball kindly dissected some of the fishes with swim-bladders which had been killed by the explosions, and found that the swim-bladder had burst, and the tissues were crushed in around it, often breaking the vertebral column of the fish. Moreover, Prof. W. H. Longley, who has had much experience in the use of dynamite, tells me that echinoderms, and crustacea, if not mechanically torn apart, show no apparent ill effects but however move away from the site of the explosion. It appears, then, that the nervous system of these lower forms is extraordinarily insensitive to shock due to explosion of dynamite, and that the injurious effects of the explosion if present are due to mechanical lacerations of tissues and especially the crushing inward of air-filled cavities. It seems possible, therefore, that the cavities of the middle ear and eustachean tubes may be a source of danger to men standing near exploding shells. It has been suggested that the sudden reduction in atmospheric pressure in the close proximity of an exploding shell might set free dissolved gases in the blood and elsewhere, thus vacuolating the tissues and producing pressure and other effects upon the nerves; but our experiments with pulsating rings of Cassiopea seem to negative this hypothesis for no injurious effects other than those of simple asphyxiation were produced by sudden exhaustion of the air surrounding the animals; and recovery, when replaced in normal sea water, was almost immediate. These results are in accord with the conclusion of Grasset, Eder, Babinski et Froment, and others that war shock is predominantly a psychic phenomenon, and being hysteria it can be cured by hypnotic suggestion.