Use Of Diverse Types Research Articles

AFEKTIVNA ZAGRCANOST REČENICE VESNE KAPOR

The paper analyses stylematic (stylistic devices) and stylogenic (literary and artistic value) characters of linguistic units in the novel Nebo, tako duboko by Vesna Kapor. The main theme of the novel is the sudden death of the girl Tara Senica; therefore, emotional states that permeate the entire novel are pain and sadness. Vesna Kapor used dif- ferent stylematic procedures to verbalise pain and sadness: a) cumulation of commas and semicolons in order to separate parts of sentences and make them independent in terms of rhythm and syntax, b) the use of periods in order to separate different sentence units, c) the use of diverse types of reiteration of homoform linguistic units (lexemes, syntagms or clauses), and d) a very specific, unique way of separating the narrator’s direct speech from other characters’ direct speech.

Biosurfactants' multifarious functional potential for sustainable agricultural practices.

Increasing food demand by the ever-growing population imposes an extra burden on the agricultural and food industries. Chemical-based pesticides, fungicides, fertilizers, and high-breeding crop varieties are typically employed to enhance crop productivity. Overexploitation of chemicals and their persistence in the environment, however, has detrimental effects on soil, water, and air which consequently disturb the food chain and the ecosystem. The lower aqueous solubility and higher hydrophobicity of agrochemicals, pesticides, metals, and hydrocarbons allow them to adhere to soil particles and, therefore, continue in the environment. Chemical pesticides, viz., organophosphate, organochlorine, and carbamate, are used regularly to protect agriculture produce. Hydrophobic pollutants strongly adhered to soil particles can be solubilized or desorbed through the usage of biosurfactant/s (BSs) or BS-producing and pesticide-degrading microorganisms. Among different types of BSs, rhamnolipids (RL), surfactin, mannosylerythritol lipids (MELs), and sophorolipids (SL) have been explored extensively due to their broad-spectrum antimicrobial activities against several phytopathogens. Different isoforms of lipopeptide, viz., iturin, fengycin, and surfactin, have also been reported against phytopathogens. The key role of BSs in designing and developing biopesticide formulations is to protect crops and our environment. Various functional properties such as wetting, spreading, penetration ability, and retention period are improved in surfactant-based formulations. This review emphasizes the use of diverse types of BSs and their source microorganisms to challenge phytopathogens. Extensive efforts seem to be focused on discovering the innovative antimicrobial potential of BSs to combat phytopathogens. We discussed the effectiveness of BSs in solubilizing pesticides to reduce their toxicity and contamination effects in the soil environment. Thus, we have shed some light on the use of BSs as an alternative to chemical pesticides and other agrochemicals as sparse literature discusses their interactions with pesticides. Life cycle assessment (LCA) and life cycle sustainability analysis (LCSA) quantifying their impact on human activities/interventions are also included. Nanoencapsulation of pesticide formulations is an innovative approach in minimizing pesticide doses and ultimately reducing their direct exposures to humans and animals. Some of the established big players and new entrants in the global BS market are providing promising solutions for agricultural practices. In conclusion, a better understanding of the role of BSs in pesticide solubilization and/or degradation by microorganisms represents a valuable approach to reducing their negative impact and maintaining sustainable agricultural practices.

Drug-induced bowel complications and toxicities: imaging findings and pearls.

The use of diverse types of drugs can result in a variety of acute and chronic complications that affect almost any organ. The bowel is one of the organs impacted by the side effects of medications. Imaging frequently plays a crucial role in the detection and characterization of complications occurring in the bowel. They include pseudomembranous colitis or antibiotic-associated colitis; angioedema induced by angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced enteropathy; cocaine toxicity; clozapine-induced hypomobility; and bowel toxicity induced by chemotherapeutic agents. It is imperative that radiologists are fully aware of these complications and toxicities as well as the relevant findings. In this way, proper treatment can be implemented immediately. The treatment will involve discontinuation of a drug or a change in regimen.

Patient-Derived Explant Cultures of Normal and Tumor Human Breast Tissue.

Tissue culture has evolved considerably over the last few years, including cell culture in three dimensions, organoids, cocultures of different cell types and the use of diverse types of matrices in an attempt to mimic conditions that more closely resemble those found in the original tissue or organ. In this chapter, we describe how patient-derived breast tissue can be cultured on sponges for several days, maintaining their original architecture and with the capacity to respond to treatments. This protocol facilitates the study of the tissue responses without the need for extensive tissue manipulation, cell digestion or use of a biomaterial as scaffold, while maintaining the stroma and extracellular matrix organization. This method has the potential to improve preclinical testing by contributing to provide more accurate data reflecting cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions, tumor microenvironment, drug effects or stem cell function in normal- and pathophysiology of the breast.

Life cycle assessment of earthen materials for low-cost housing a comparison between rammed earth and fired clay bricks

PurposeAlthough the use of diverse types of bricks as the primary construction materials has been considered for many years, vernacular earthen materials are also widely used for construction with low potential environmental impacts in developing countries. In this study, the life cycle of two types of building materials for wall building is investigated.Design/methodology/approachFor this purpose, life cycle carbon emissions (LCCO2) are compared and embodied energy calculation for rammed earth and fired clay bricks as two construction materials. The complete construction chain using rammed earth, as a modern norm, and fired clay bricks, as the most common construction materials in buildings, is investigated in this research.FindingsStudies on the constructions in Kashan city in the north of Isfahan province, Iran, as a case study, showed that replacing the fired bricks with rammed earth would reduce the CO2 emissions up to 1,245 kg/ton and 4,646 MJ/ton (i.e. more than 95%) of the embodied energy. It also shows that the choice of building materials should be important for building practitioners to consider the environmental impact.Originality/valueThis paper provide life cycle assessment of building materials. The findings of this study help builders and owner to choose sustainable building materials.

Emergent Methodology to Understand BLM-Era Health and Well-Being: The Utility of Integrating Autoethnographic and Grounded Theory Approaches in Mixed Methods Action Research

The disproportionate incidence of coronavirus cases and deaths among Black, brown and indigenous peoples in the United States further unmasks the impact of long-standing health inequities, reifies the effect of structural racism on health and well-being, and highlights the need for the Black Lives Matter (BLM) and allied social justice movements. Amidst social transformation, innovations in research methodology are frequently necessary because the research questions, their framing, and study outcomes are evolving with society (Hesse-Biber & Leavy, 2010). Consequently, to examine the impact of the widely variable, historically rooted but current injustices on the BLM-era health and well-being of Black people who are differently geographically, socially, and economically situated, might require the application of emergent methodology in the form of novel combinations of research approaches. Autoethnography, action research, grounded theory strategies, and mixed methods research are appropriate to attend to the context and inherent complexity of social justice inquiry because they support the use of diverse types of evidence, including the perspectives, worldviews, histories, and/or interpretations of the impacted community. This article presents methodologic concepts and examples as well as proposes methodologic adaptations as a mechanism to explore the value of integrating autoethnography and grounded theory approaches into a mixed methods action research cycle to examine issues associated with the health and well-being of Black people in the United States and other marginalized groups during the BLM and allied social justice era.

Independent component analysis (ICA): A statistical approach to the analysis of superimposed rock paintings

Independent Component Analysis (ICA) is a statistical technique for decomposing information from datasets into maximally independent components. ICA allows the researcher to recover two or more independent signals that appear mixed within the same dataset. This paper shows ICA to be an extremely effective method for separating different colours found in rock paintings into discrete images or components. The comparison between the results of ICA and PCA (Principal Component Analysis) shows that ICA accurately separates panels with more than one type of colour, while PCA achieves a lower degree of separation. This study also shows that in scenes with monochrome depictions, ICA tends to be slightly more effective in separating the pigments from the rock. The ICA method has been applied successfully to several rock art panels from Northern Chile, where the use of diverse types of mineral pigments is common. Two analyses conducted at the Pampa El Muerto 11 site in the Northern Chilean highlands reveal how ICA can contribute to a more compelling interpretation of more intricate panels. The comparison between the results of ICA and PCA (Principal Components Analysis) shows that ICA correctly separates panels with more than one type of pigment, while PCA achieves a lower degree of separation. This study also shows that in scenes with monochrome depictions, ICA tends to be slightly more effective in separating the pigments from the rock. ICA algorithm has been successfully in several rock panels from Northern Chile, where the use of diverse types of mineral pigments is usual. Two panels from the Pampa El Muerto site have been analysed with the technique mentioned above, informing that its application can collaborate on a more compelling interpretation of intricate panels.

USE OF GRAPHIC NARRATIVES WITH PRESERVICE TEACHERS AS A MEDIATED LEARNING TOOL

Despite the use of comics in education as a tool for reading or language learning, little is known about its potential as a mediated learning tool in Higher Education settings. This paper presents a preliminary study, part of a bigger project conducted as an action-research approach which aims to gain knowledge on the use of comics in higher education as a tool to develop comprehension and thinking skills. The study was carried out at one of the Spanish universities located in the Madrid region. The study involved 71 student teachers of an undergraduate course who were trained on how to read and create comics: use of diverse types of software, composition basis, communication elements and conventions of comics’ design. Students had the freedom to create their comics choosing the software they felt most comfortable with since the purpose of the study was to analyse the composition of their stories and the way they gave meaning to learning through them. Comics were analysed and categorised according to the story they told, feelings and emotions they showed, complexity and originality. Even the comics' design was well achieved, students were focused on their graphic composition rather than on the educational problems the comics should have conveyed. Findings suggest that even though comic’s creation encouraged students’ creativity and critical reflection, developing visual thinking skills takes time and needs to be practised as it is a scaffolding process. Future studies will be focused on developing preliminary visual thinking skills before asking students to express their subject knowledge creating their graphic narratives.

The Relationship Between Instructor Use of Different Types of Humor and Student Interest in Course Material

ABSTRACTThe goal of this study was to research the frequency of the use of diverse types of humor in the college classroom for a possible association with student interest in course material. This relationship was studied using quantitative methods. Participants answered questions about their interest in course material and the type of humor that their instructor used in the classroom. The study involved 195 undergraduate students ranging in age from 18 to 25. A factor analysis recognized two separate types of humor (relevant/appropriate and non-relevant). The study found that both relevant/appropriate humor and non-relevant humor predicted student interest. The more relevant/appropriate humor used the more student had interest in course materials. As well, the more non-relevant humor used the less students reported interest in course materials. No differences were found between the gender of students in the classroom when examining this question of humor and interest.

Serendipitous Informants: Getting Things Done in Philippine Fieldwork

Anthropology textbooks hearken budding ethnographers to go to the field, get the seat of their pants dirty, immerse themselves in the data, and to develop informants (Fetterman 2010; Hagan 2012; Murchison 2010; Pelto and Pelto 1970). All right, I know what is meant by going to the field and getting one's pants dirty, but who are these informants, where do they come from, and what do they do? The use of diverse types of informants is essential to solving problems, research, or otherwise and is most important to applied anthropology. Yet, the literature is noticeably sparse in regards to what we explicitly mean by informants. Personal accounts and diaries of fieldworkers long after they have left the field provide candid discussions but without orderly reflections of the varied types of informants (see, e.g., Lowie 1959; Malinowski 1967; Wax 1971; Whyte 1994; cf. Lofland et al. 2006). What follows is a discussion of how I worked with a variety of informants, the need for which sometimes emerged rather surprisingly, to conduct research in a somewhat remote area of the province of Lanao del Norte on the northwest coast of the island of Mindanao in the Southern Philippines. Although this is a specific research setting, the findings arguably apply across the board to a variety of cultural areas and set forth what might be regarded as ideal type models of informants, though admittedly not an inclusive typology.

Investigation into the prevalence of coccidiosis and maduramycin drug resistance in chickens in China

Coccidiosis is a parasitic disease that affects the poultry industry worldwide, having major economic impacts on poultry by reducing performance and decreasing productivity. This disease not only hinders the growth of chickens but also facilitates other epidemic diseases. Coccidiosis is mainly controlled by prophylactic coccidiostats administrated in the feed. However, the extensive use of these drugs has resulted in the development of drug resistance by Eimeria spp., which causes coccidiosis. The aim of the survey was to acquire data on the prevalence of coccidiosis and drug resistance of field isolates in chickens in China. We examined 545 farms across nine different geographic provinces over a 5-year period. These included Beijing, Sichuan, Zhejiang, Shandong, Guangdong, Fujian, Liaoning Provinces, Inner Mongolia and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Regions. The results indicated that oocyst per gram faeces (OPG) and coccidiosis morbidity rate increased when non-prophylactic or low doses of coccidiostats were used. Coccidiosis morbidity rate in Guangdong Province was the highest, leading to greater, more frequent use of diverse types of coccidiostats. Consequently, the Guangdong Province had the most serious drug resistance problem. In contrast, coccidiosis morbidity rates in Inner Mongolia, Fujian and Liaoning were relatively low, leading to a reduced level of coccidiostats use, which resulted in less drug resistance. The threshold of a coccidiosis outbreak was an OPG level of >20000. When the OPG levels were ≥50000, chickens were in danger of clinical coccidiosis, and here coccidia generated a certain degree of resistance to the drug when administered. Coccidiostat resistance started to appear when the OPG level reached ca. 20000 using 2mgkg−1/5mgkg−1, respectively, of maduramycin, whereas 5mgkg−1 of maduramycin developed severe drug resistance.

Robin Evans in 1978: between social space and visual projection

Robin Evans' writings have attracted a growing interest amongst architectural scholars worldwide. Reasons for such a fascination may include an analytical depth in his work and a radical shift in his research focus from social issues (such as morality and power relationships in prisons and housing) to formal concerns (design, creation and projection). This article provides a general description of this evolution, and focuses on a central moment in this history, an essay published in 1978, ‘Figures, Doors and Passages’. By observing the essay closely, it aims to explore Evans' methods of observation at that time and, by implication, before and after. The research focuses on two aspects of the essay: a structural analysis of the plan and a synthetic use of diverse types of materials. While a ‘syntactical’ approach is identified in the first, an unexplained use of photographs (and photograph-like perspectives) of built form is found in the second. It is proposed that Evans was employing not a duality of plans and narrative paintings as claimed but a tripartite framework of plans, narrative paintings and photographic illustrations, the third being a critical window onto forms and vision. It reveals a centrality of 1978 not only chronologically but also methodologically in Evans' evolving analyses of social space and visual projection.

Arabic diacritic restoration approach based on maximum entropy models

In modern standard Arabic and in dialectal Arabic texts, short vowels and other diacritics are omitted. Exceptions are made for important political and religious texts and in scripts for beginning students of Arabic. Scripts without diacritics have considerable ambiguity because many words with different diacritic patterns appear identical in a diacritic-less setting. In this paper we present a maximum entropy approach for restoring short vowels and other diacritics in an Arabic document. The approach can easily integrate and make effective use of diverse types of information; the model we propose integrates a wide array of lexical, segment-based and part- of- speech tag features. The combination of these feature types leads to a high-performance diacritic restoration model. Using a publicly available corpus (LDC’s Arabic Treebank Part 3), we achieve a diacritic error rate of 5.1%, a segment error rate 8.5%, and a word error rate of 17.3%. In case-ending-less setting, we obtain a diacritic error rate of 2.2%, a segment error rate of 4.0%, and a word error rate of 7.2%. We also show in this paper a comparison of our approach to previously published techniques and we demonstrate the effectiveness of this technique in restoring diacritics in different kind of data such as the dialectal Iraqi Arabic scripts.

Impact of erythropoietin treatment on the quality of life of oncologic patients

Anaemia has a high incidence in cancer patients, especially when it is a consequence of myelosuppressive treatments. The incidence and prevalence of this condition is influenced by the type and extension of the tumour, type and intensity of the myelosuppressive treatment that patients receive, and previous surgery or intercurrent infections. Clinical manifestations of anaemia, overlapped by tumour symptomatology, depend on haemoglobin (Hb) levels; these manifestations cause impairment of the functional capacity, as well as a negative impact on the quality of life (QOL) of cancer patients as a consequence. Erythropoietin treatment for anaemia has been established as optimal for correcting Hb levels. Its impact on patients' QOL has been evaluated in numerous randomised prospective studies by the use of diverse types of erythropoietin and administration modes. The three types of erythropoietin, alpha, beta and darbepoetin alpha, have shown a clear efficacy in all haematological parameters. This positive effect is related with significant improvements in the QOL of patients, especially those patients undergoing myelosuppressive treatments, and with regard to specific scales of fatigue and anaemia.

Inferring Transcriptional Networks by Mining Omics Data

Inferring comprehensive regulatory networks from high-throughput data is one of the foremost challenges of modern computational biology. As high-throughput expression profiling experiments have gained common ground in many laboratories, different techniques have been proposed to infer transcriptional regulatory networks from them. Furthermore, with the advent of diverse types of high-throughput data, the research in network inference has received a new impulse. The use of diverse types of data, together with the increasing tendency of building the inference on biologically plausible simplifications, allows a more reliable and more complete description of networks. Here, we discuss how the research focus in the field of network inference is increasingly shifting from methods trying to reconstruct networks from a single data type towards integrative approaches dealing with several data sources simultaneously to infer regulatory modules. Keywords: Module network, transcriptional network, network inference, systems biology

Early tactile experience of low birth weight children: links to later mental health and social adaptation

AbstractThe purpose of this study was twofold: to determine (1) the degree to which specific qualities of maternal touch may contribute to the low birth weight infant's emotional and behavioural problems as well as social adaptation, and (2) the relationship between maternal touch and a mother's other caregiving behaviour. The sample included 114 socioculturally diverse infants and their mothers who were videotaped during an infant feeding when the baby was 3 months old. This videotape was analysed to assess dimensions of mother–infant interaction, including maternal touch. Data on perinatal risk and the mother's acceptance versus rejection of the infant were also acquired. Social adaptation and emotional/behavioural problems were measured when the child was 2 years of age.Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that maternal touch accounted for 15% of the variance in the likelihood of a child having emotional/behavioural problems at age 2. Children who received more nurturing touch had significantly fewer internalizing problems (such as depression) while children receiving both more frequent touch and harsh touch had more externalizing problems (such as aggressive behaviour). Infants who were less responsive to their caregivers were especially at risk of developing aggressive/destructive behaviour as a result of frequent touch. But less responsive infants also appeared to benefit most from greater use of diverse types of maternal touch, accounting for 6% of the variance in superior adaptive behaviour at age 2. Nurturing touch was the only quality that showed even a modest relationship to other caregiving behaviour, suggesting that touch may play a distinct role in the infant's psychosocial development. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Nicholas Crisp's “Porcellien”: A petrological comparison of sherds from the Vauxhall (London; ca. 1751–1764) and Indeo Pottery (Bovey Tracey, Devonshire; ca. 1767–1774) factory sites

The character of porcelain wares made by Nicholas Crisp early and late in his career was assessed using microchemical and petrographic data for sherds excavated from the sites of the factories he operated at Vauxhall and Bovey Tracey. The results indicate that, over time, Crisp increasingly made use of diverse types of pastes as he struggled to produce a commercially viable line of porcelain. Based on the analysis of a limited number of samples, he appears to have largely restricted himself at Vauxhall to using soapstone (Mg-rich)- and flint-glass (Pb-rich) frit-bearing pastes that varied in the amount of calcite they contained. He also experimented with Mg+Pb-rich pastes at Bovey Tracey, but included a novel ingredient (barite) and varied the proportion of other minor constituents (e.g., bone ash), apparently in an effort to resolve some of the firing problems that plagued him at Vauxhall. In addition, Crisp appears to have produced bone ash (phosphatic) porcelain at Bovey Tracey, and, in collaboration with William Cookworthy, the proprietor of the Plymouth factory, fired a range of true porcelain (Si+Al-rich) pastes. Bulk compositional data indicate that Crisp's diopside-bearing Mg+Pb-rich wares were derived from pastes containing talc and calcite rather than dolomite. The mineralogy of these and some contemporary magnesian/plombian porcelains are interpreted using the SiO2-CaO-MgO phase diagram. This diagram shows that these wares can form and preserve diopside (Ca-Mg silicate) given suitable bulk CaO contents and kiln-firing temperatures. Phosphatic sherds from Bovey Tracey are compositionally distinct (lower SiO2 and higher Al2O3 and bone-ash components) from a single bone-ash sample from Vauxhall, indicating that Crisp experimented with novel bone-ash pastes, and was not positively influenced by the Vauxhall phosphatic recipe, if indeed one existed. True porcelains from Bovey Tracey have more extreme SiO2/Al2O3 ratios (= 2.0 [two sherds]; 4.5 [one sherd]) than their Plymouth/Bristol counterparts (SiO2/Al2O3 = 2.3–3.0). Collectively, the analytical data underscore the experimental—and ultimately unsuccessful—character of the diverse wares produced by Nicholas Crisp. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Nicholas Crisp's ?Porcellien?: A petrological comparison of sherds from the Vauxhall (London; ca. 1751-1764) and Indeo Pottery (Bovey Tracey, Devonshire; ca. 1767-1774) factory sites

The character of porcelain wares made by Nicholas Crisp early and late in his career was assessed using microchemical and petrographic data for sherds excavated from the sites of the factories he operated at Vauxhall and Bovey Tracey. The results indicate that, over time, Crisp increasingly made use of diverse types of pastes as he struggled to produce a commercially viable line of porcelain. Based on the analysis of a limited number of samples, he appears to have largely restricted himself at Vauxhall to using soapstone (Mg-rich)- and flint-glass (Pb-rich) frit-bearing pastes that varied in the amount of calcite they contained. He also experimented with Mg+Pb-rich pastes at Bovey Tracey, but included a novel ingredient (barite) and varied the proportion of other minor constituents (e.g., bone ash), apparently in an effort to resolve some of the firing problems that plagued him at Vauxhall. In addition, Crisp appears to have produced bone ash (phosphatic) porcelain at Bovey Tracey, and, in collaboration with William Cookworthy, the proprietor of the Plymouth factory, fired a range of true porcelain (Si+Al-rich) pastes. Bulk compositional data indicate that Crisp's diopside-bearing Mg+Pb-rich wares were derived from pastes containing talc and calcite rather than dolomite. The mineralogy of these and some contemporary magnesian/plombian porcelains are interpreted using the SiO2-CaO-MgO phase diagram. This diagram shows that these wares can form and preserve diopside (Ca-Mg silicate) given suitable bulk CaO contents and kiln-firing temperatures. Phosphatic sherds from Bovey Tracey are compositionally distinct (lower SiO2 and higher Al2O3 and bone-ash components) from a single bone-ash sample from Vauxhall, indicating that Crisp experimented with novel bone-ash pastes, and was not positively influenced by the Vauxhall phosphatic recipe, if indeed one existed. True porcelains from Bovey Tracey have more extreme SiO2/Al2O3 ratios (= 2.0 [two sherds]; 4.5 [one sherd]) than their Plymouth/Bristol counterparts (SiO2/Al2O3 = 2.3–3.0). Collectively, the analytical data underscore the experimental—and ultimately unsuccessful—character of the diverse wares produced by Nicholas Crisp. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Advances in abdominal interventional radiology

Advances in abdominal interventional radiology