Use Of Different Imaging Techniques Research Articles

Use of different imaging techniques in stab wound analysis

Stab wound analysis is a relatively new field of study in forensic science, and there is currently much debate regarding the effectiveness of the analysis due to a lack of validation studies. Furthermore, the underlying viewpoints on the success of stab wound analysis vary. Examination of cut marks, for example, can reveal a variety of characteristics which can be used to determine the type of weapon that was used to inflict them. However, published studies are not consistent when identifying knife blade characteristics, instead considering a wide variety of morphological aspects and their potential value in forensic scenarios. The existing research methodology is therefore inadequate to reliably inform in such contexts, and future experimental design should be influenced by the conditional variance in stabbings in order to provide reliable findings.The research presented here takes a systematic approach to the problem, compiling the published literature (up to September 2023) on the use of different imaging methods applied to stab wound examination to create a taxonomy to examine trends in methodological approaches in both research and investigative settings. This approach identified that published studies could be classified as either morphological or morphometrical, and further sub-classified based on their degree of success and the findings reached. This emphasises the importance of prioritising research into mark data, and the need for a multi-technique, multi-disciplinary approach. A decision tree was created to illustrate which mark attributes should be studied for which purpose, and using which imaging method(s). Furthermore, the research presented identifies two key areas in stab wound research which should be the focus of standardisation efforts, namely methodological procedures and mark characteristic collection. Knife markings are difficult to interpret, but further research and standardisation of kerf mark analysis, as highlighted here, will improve the efficiency and reliability of both forensic investigations and future experimental studies.

Review on Technologies Applied to Classification of Tomato Leaf Virus Diseases

Tomato leaf virus diseases present a significant risk to tomato cultivation, leading to substantial financial losses worldwide. Implementing appropriate control measures depends on these diseases being accurately and quickly identified and classified. This article provides an insight into the analysis of the various technologies used to classify tomato leaf virus diseases as well as some similar plant leaf virus disease. The review encompasses both traditional and modern techniques, including image processing, machine learning, and deep learning methods. It explores the use of different imaging techniques, such as visible light RGB, infrared, and hyperspectral imaging, for capturing leaf disease symptoms. Additionally, it emphasizes the growing significance of deep learning models, such as convolutional neural networks, in identifying diseases with extreme precision. Overall, this study offers insightful information on the technological developments for the categorization of tomato leaf viral illnesses, promoting the creation of efficient disease management techniques.

Clinical quantitative coronary artery stenosis and coronary atherosclerosis imaging: a Consensus Statement from the Quantitative Cardiovascular Imaging Study Group.

The detection and characterization of coronary artery stenosis and atherosclerosis using imaging tools are key for clinical decision-making in patients with known or suspected coronary artery disease. In this regard, imaging-based quantification can be improved by choosing the most appropriate imaging modality for diagnosis, treatment and procedural planning. In this Consensus Statement, we provide clinical consensus recommendations on the optimal use of different imaging techniques in various patient populations and describe the advances in imaging technology. Clinical consensus recommendations on the appropriateness of each imaging technique for direct coronary artery visualization were derived through a three-step, real-time Delphi process that took place before, during and after the Second International Quantitative Cardiovascular Imaging Meeting in September 2022. According to the Delphi survey answers, CT is the method of choice to rule out obstructive stenosis in patients with an intermediate pre-test probability of coronary artery disease and enables quantitative assessment of coronary plaque with respect to dimensions, composition, location and related risk of future cardiovascular events, whereas MRI facilitates the visualization of coronary plaque and can be used in experienced centres as a radiation-free, second-line option for non-invasive coronary angiography. PET has the greatest potential for quantifying inflammation in coronary plaque but SPECT currently has a limited role in clinical coronary artery stenosis and atherosclerosis imaging. Invasive coronary angiography is the reference standard for stenosis assessment but cannot characterize coronary plaques. Finally, intravascular ultrasonography and optical coherence tomography are the most important invasive imaging modalities for the identification of plaques at high risk of rupture. The recommendations made in this Consensus Statement will help clinicians to choose the most appropriate imaging modality on the basis of the specific clinical scenario, individual patient characteristics and the availability of each imaging modality.

Minimizing radiation exposure in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography: a review for medical personnel.

Fluoroscopy is used frequently during endoscopic procedures, such as endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). However, exposure to radiation is an important health concern, primarily because of the potential increase in the lifetime risk of malignancy. This consideration is important for patients and staff exposed to radiation during ERCP. Thus, an understanding of how radiation doses are measured during ERCP and the potential risks of this radiation is important. Additionally, staff must be educated about methods used to minimize the radiation dose, such as the use of different imaging techniques, the general principles of fluoroscopy, and advances in hardware and software. The use of personal protective equipment is also essential to minimize occupational exposure. However, no comprehensive ERCP guideline on the use of X-ray systems in clinical settings or on radiation protection for operators has been established. This review focuses on the properties of fluoroscopy systems and methods of radiation protection for physicians and assistants participating in ERCP.

Automated Deep Learning Empowered Breast Cancer Diagnosis Using Biomedical Mammogram Images

Biomedical image processing is a hot research topic which helps to majorly assist the disease diagnostic process. At the same time, breast cancer becomes the deadliest disease among women and can be detected by the use of different imaging techniques. Digital mammograms can be used for the earlier identification and diagnostic of breast cancer to minimize the death rate. But the proper identification of breast cancer has mainly relied on the mammography findings and results to increased false positives. For resolving the issues of false positives of breast cancer diagnosis, this paper presents an automated deep learning based breast cancer diagnosis (ADL-BCD) model using digital mammograms. The goal of the ADL-BCD technique is to properly detect the existence of breast lesions using digital mammograms. The proposed model involves Gaussian filter based pre-processing and Tsallis entropy based image segmentation. In addition, Deep Convolutional Neural Network based Residual Network (ResNet 34) is applied for feature extraction purposes. Specifically, a hyper parameter tuning process using chimp optimization algorithm (COA) is applied to tune the parameters involved in ResNet 34 model. The wavelet neural network (WNN) is used for the classification of digital mammograms for the detection of breast cancer. The ADL-BCD method is evaluated using a benchmark dataset and the results are analyzed under several performance measures. The simulation outcome indicated that the ADL-BCD model outperforms the state of art methods in terms of different measures.

Radiological assessment of secondary biliary tree lesions: an update.

ObjectiveTo conduct a systematic literature review of imaging techniques and findings in patients with peribiliary liver metastasis.MethodsSeveral electronic datasets were searched from January 1990 to June 2017 to identify studies assessing the use of different imaging techniques for the detection and staging of peribiliary metastases.ResultsThe search identified 44 studies, of which six met the inclusion criteria and were included in the systematic review. Multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) is the technique of choice in the preoperative setting and during the follow-up of patients with liver tumors. However, the diagnostic performance of MDCT for the assessment of biliary tree neoplasms was low compared with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Ultrasound (US), without and with contrast enhancement (CEUS), is commonly employed as a first-line tool for evaluating focal liver lesions; however, the sensitivity and specificity of US and CEUS for both the detection and characterization are related to operator expertise and patient suitability. MRI has thus become the gold standard technique because of its ability to provide morphologic and functional data. MRI showed the best diagnostic performance for the detection of peribiliary metastases.ConclusionsMRI should be considered the gold standard technique for the radiological assessment of secondary biliary tree lesions.

Secuestro Pulmonar Intralobar Derecho en Infante: Reporte de un Caso

El secuestro pulmonar intralobar es una masa de tejido pulmonar que tiene riego sanguíneo propio proveniente de arterias sistémicas, no tiene comunicación con el árbol bronquial y tiene drenaje venoso hacia las venas pulmonares o aurícula izquierda. A diferencia del secuestro pulmonar extralobar, al que se le atribuye un origen congénito, el secuestro intralobar no tiene aún un origen definido (congénito o adquirido), ya que normalmente se diagnostica después de la primera década de la vida. Presentamos el caso de un paciente de 3 años de edad con diagnóstico repetitivo de neumonía basal derecha, en el que por arteriografía se diagnosticó secuestro pulmonar intralobar derecho. Se debe tener en cuenta a esta entidad dentro del diagnóstico diferencial en niños con cuadro clínico- radiológico de neumonía que no responde a tratamiento convencional, sea ésta derecha o izquierda. Se discute también la importancia de los diferentes métodos de imágenes para el diagnóstico.

Relation of Thoracic Aortic Distensibility to Left Ventricular Area (from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis [MESA

Decreased arterial compliance is an early manifestation of adverse structural and functional changes within the vessel wall. Its correlation with left ventricular (LV) area on computed tomography, a marker of LV remodeling, has not been well demonstrated. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that decreasing aortic compliance and increasing arterial stiffness are independently associated with increased LV area. The study population consisted of 3,540 patients (mean age 61 ± 10 years, 46% men) from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) who underwent aortic distensibility (AD) assessment on magnetic resonance imaging and LV area measurement on computed tomography (adjusted to body surface area). Multivariate logistic regression was performed to assess the association between body surface area-normalized LV area >75th percentile and AD after adjusting for baseline clinical, historical, and imaging covariates. Mean LV area index was 2,153 cm(2), and mean AD was 1.84 × 10(3) mm Hg(-1). Subjects in the lowest AD quartile were older, with higher prevalence rates of hypertension, diabetes, and hypercholesterolemia (p <0.05 for all comparisons). Using multivariate linear regression adjusting for demographics, traditional risk factors, coronary artery calcium, and C-reactive protein, each SD decrease was associated with an 18-cm(2) increase in LV area. In addition, decreasing AD quartiles were independently associated with increasing LV area index, defined as >75th percentile. In conclusion, in this multiethnic cohort, reduced AD was associated with increased LV area. Longitudinal studies are needed to determine if decreased distensibility precedes and directly influences increased LV area.

Diagnosis and Detection

To evaluate features of macular edema assessed by optical coherence tomography (OCT)and other imaging tools such as infrared, blue retinography and autofluorescence, and fluorescein and indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) in different pathologic conditions. The principal causes of macular edema were reviewed to evaluate its aspect in each pathology. Correlations between OCT and other imaging techniques were analyzed. Optical coherence tomography and other imaging tools allowed the authors to confirm the existence of different macular edema patterns for different pathologies and to describe their characteristics; in particular, some conditions, like idiopathic macular telangiectasias and age-related maculopathy, were found to present specific edema patterns. Simultaneous use of different imaging techniques allowed a better evaluation and follow-up of conditions causing cystoid macular edema.

Diagnosis and treatment of developmental dysplasia of the hip in the Netherlands: National questionnaire of paediatric orthopaedic surgeons on current practice in children less than 1 year old

PurposeThere is no consensus in the literature regarding the diagnosis and treatment of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). We designed a national questionnaire to assess the various opinions and current practice of paediatric orthopaedic surgeons in the Netherlands regarding the diagnosis and treatment of DDH in children less than 1 year old.MethodsThe questionnaire was sent to all members of the Dutch Paediatric Orthopaedic Society (DPOS). It discusses different methods and criteria used in the diagnosis of DDH, the use of different therapies and the use of different imaging techniques to evaluate the result of treatment.ResultsWith 38 responders, the overall response rate to the survey was 67%. Most surgeons use clinical, radiographic and/or ultrasound examination for the diagnosis. The starting point of treatment is usually on the mild part of the DDH spectrum. The Pavlik harness is most popular in the treatment of dislocated hips, whereas in dysplastic hips, most surgeons use a rigid splint. The duration of treatment has a wide range and evaluation of the effect of treatment is predominantly done by radiography.ConclusionsThe diagnosis and treatment of DDH in the Netherlands has as much diversity as the literature has recommendations about this subject. The lack of consensus on many aspects of DDH diagnosis and treatment should form the basis for a discussion among Dutch paediatric orthopaedic surgeons. Using the available evidence, it should be possible to formulate a more uniform protocol for the diagnosis and treatment of DDH.

Técnicas de imagen en el reflujo vesicoureteral

Although vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is a very frequent pathology in the pediatric age and represents an important part of the activity of pediatricians, pediatric urologists, nephrologists, and radiologists, yet there is controversy about its global management both in diagnosis and treatment. The objective of this paper is to perform an update in the use of different imaging techniques in the diagnosis and followup of VUR and to propose a work up protocol. We describe the imaging techniques: VCUG, ultrasound, intravenous urography, bladder-ultrasound, DMSA, MRI, and their role in the evaluation and followup of VUR. We performed a bibliographic review about the topic and present the experience of our working group on VUR. The bibliographic review shows a clear evolution of the concepts of VUR and also the management algorithms. The concepts of congenital renal lesion without urinary tract infection (UTI) or acquired lesion after UTI are clearly differentiated in the most recent reviews. Reflux is passing from being the center of the problem to a secondary phenomenon in relation to UTI, and this is leading to a change of diagnostic strategy, less and less invasive. VCUG has been to date the first and indisputable technique for the management of VUR, mainly in the diagnostic phase, but technological advances in the area of ultrasound (ultrasound contrasts, harmonic image, etc.) have converted ultrasound in the first imaging technique for the management of VUR in pediatric age. On the other hand, work-up algorithms have changed due to the great impact prenatal diagnosis is having in the management of urinary tract anomalies.

Diagnosis of radial nerve palsy caused by ganglion with use of different imaging techniques

Clinical features of six cases of radial nerve compression syndrome as a result of ganglion at the elbow are reported. The usefulness of different imaging techniques for detecting the location of ganglion is compared. The posterior interosseous nerve was involved in two patients, the radial sensory nerve in one patient, and both nerves in three patients. Ultrasonography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging revealed the location of the ganglion in every patient. Ultrasonography was most convenient for screening examination when it was difficult to clearly define a ganglion by palpation. In all patients, a ganglion arose from the anterior capsule of the elbow joint. Dynamic factors in addition to compression of the nerve by ganglion may influence occurrence of the nerve palsy.

Mise au point

Imaging of intraductal papillary mucinous tumor of the pancreas: literature review Intraductal papillary-mucinous tumor (IPMT) is defined as a syndrome consisting of dilatation of the main pancreatic duct and/or branch ducts associated with mucin overproduction. The purpose was to evaluate the usefulness of different imaging techniques (CT, EUS, ERCP) for determination of tumor invasion and pancreatic extension. Diagnosis often is delayed because it is confused with chronic pancreatitis or cystic neoplasms of the pancreas. It is difficult to rule out invasive malignancy. MRCP can be an essential imaging modality because it is a non-invasive technique. Intraductal ultrasound or pancreatoscopy could become in the future an additional useful preoperative procedure. A high frequency of invasive carcinoma in patients operated for pancreatic IPMT is observed. Surgical resection should be extended until a normal tissue margin is encountered.