Use Of Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic Acid Research Articles

Pore-scale study of the effects of DTPA chelating agent flooding on oil recovery utilizing a clay-coated micromodel

The use of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) chelating agent has shown promising results for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) in prior research. Several mechanisms, mainly resulting from rock-fluid interaction, have been proposed for chelating agent flooding; however, little attention has been paid to fluid-fluid interaction thus far. The assessment of these mechanisms has primarily relied on macroscopic techniques such as core flooding. This paper aims to investigate the injection of DTPA brine and its dominant mechanisms at the pore scale using a clay-coated micromodel. The micromodel tests were performed under oil-wet and water-wet states. For a more precise examination of fluid/fluid interactions, the dynamic interfacial tension (IFT) and Zeta potential were measured. It was observed that the injection of DTPA brine in water-wet state changed the saturation distribution and increased oil recovery. Based on visual inspections, this change in saturation distribution could potentially be linked to the formation of micro-dispersions and viscoelastic interfacial phenomena. Micro-dispersions facilitate flow to unswept areas, and viscoelastic interface formation reshapes the interface between oil and brine, causing disconnected oil droplets to coalesce and thus increase recovery. Under the oil-wet state, the micro-dispersion formation and wettability alteration can be the dominant mechanisms, and the amount of recovered oil was higher than that observed in the water-wet state. Furthermore, Zeta potential measurements at the interface between brine and oil showed a more negative value for DTPA brine, which is effective in wettability alteration and micro-dispersions stability. The results indicate that IFT reduction was not significant enough to be considered the dominant mechanism, although it assists in DTPA brine penetration into the crude oil and subsequent micro-dispersion formation.

Postoperative renal functional changes assessed by 99mTc-DTPA scintigraphy and predictive factors after miniaturized percutaneous nephrolithotomy and retrograde intrarenal surgery: An observational 1-year follow-up study.

PurposeWe evaluated the comparative effect of miniaturized percutaneous nephrolithotomy (mini-PCNL) and retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) on perioperative kidney function by use of diethylenetriamine penta-acetic acid (99mTc-DTPA) scintigraphy and identified significant predictors associated with deterioration or amelioration of renal function after surgery.Materials and MethodsAll 70 patients who underwent mini-PCNL or RIRS between 2012 and 2016 were monitored by 99mTc-DTPA scintigraphy preoperatively. Patients with abnormal renal function were monitored from 3 to 12 months postoperatively. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to estimate the predictors of aggravated renal dysfunction and improvement.ResultsThe difference in preoperative renal function between the contralateral and the operative side was >10% in 57 patients (81.4%). Among those in the group with abnormal renal function, 40 (70.2%), 10 (17.5%), and 7 (12.3%) patients showed stability, deterioration, and improvement in renal function at postoperative year 1, respectively. Functional changes did not differ according to the type of surgery. A high level of serum creatinine preoperatively (p=0.060) and a history of previous stone procedures (p=0.051) showed borderline significance for prediction of deterioration in renal function.ConclusionsRIRS and mini-PCNL had similar effects and favorable outcomes on renal function during a 1-year follow-up period. High baseline serum creatinine levels and a history of procedures warrant careful attention.

Improvement in selectivity of ozone bleaching using DTPA as carbohydrate protector for wheat straw pulp

Abstract Effect of using diethylenetriamine pentaaceticacid (DTPA) as carbohydrate protector in ozone stage on delignification efficiency, bleaching efficiency, selectivity, metal ions, strength, morphological properties and effluent properties of wheat straw pulp was studied. Using DTPA during ozone treatment viscosity of pulp was improved by 1.1 units, delignification efficiency improved by 13.8 % and pulp brightness improved by 2.5 units compared to that of control. Most importantly the selectivity of ozone treatment was improved by 124 %. Ozone treatment along with DTPA reduced the Fe, Cu and Mn content in the pulp by 52 %, 27 % and 70 %, respectively. Use of DTPA in ozone stage improved the bleached pulp viscosity by 9 %, post colour number by 27 % and reduced the pulp shrinkage by 5 % compared to control pulp. DTPA treated and control pulps have comparable physical strength and morphological properties.

Efficacy of 99mTc-DTPA SPECT/CT in diagnosing Orbitopathy in graves\u2019 disease

BackgroundThe most frequently used methods of assessing Graves’ orbithopathy (GO) include: Clinical Activity Score (CAS), ultrasonography (USG), computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). There exists another, slightly forgotten, imaging method: single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) with the use of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid tagged with 99mTc (99mTc-DTPA). These days it is possible to conduct a SPECT examination fused with a CT scan (SPECT/CT), which increases the diagnostic value of the investigation. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the usefulness of 99mTc-DTPA SPECT/CT in diagnosing Graves orbitopathy, as compared with other methods.MethodsTwenty-three patients with suspected active (infiltrative-edematous) Graves’ orbithopathy were included in the study. Each patient underwent a CAS, an MRI, and a SPECT/CT. The obtained results were analysed statistically, with the assumed statistical significance of p < 0.05.ResultsThe SPECT/CT and MRI were found to have the highest sensitivity: 0.93 each. The SPECT/CT had the highest specificity: 0.89. MRI and CAS had lower values: 0.78 and 0.56, respectively. The occurrence of an active form of GO had no impact on the exacerbation of exophthalmos or the thickness of the oculomotor muscles.ConclusionsThe 99mTc-DTPA SPECT/CT method provides a very good tool for assessing the active form of GO and can, alongside the MRI scan, be used as a referential diagnostic procedure in GO.

Effects of a Chelate (DTPA) on Cucumber Growth and Soil Chemical Properties in Nutrient-accumulated Soil of Polytunnel Greenhouse

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of a chelating agent on cucumber growth and changes in soil nutrients availability in polytunnel greenhouse fields. Diethylene triamine penta acetic acid (DTPA) was selected as a chelating agent. Two experiments were carried out as follows: i) For field experiment in the autumn season of 2010, each plot was treated by varying the concentration and the number of times being applied with DTPA; [DTPA (0.5 mM, 1 time/3 months), DTPA (0.06 mM, 1 time/1 week), DTPA (0.13 mM, 1 time/2 weeks), DTPA (0.06 mM, 1 time/1 week)+N]. Conventional practice was also investigated. ii) In the spring and summer seasons of 2011, each plot was treated by varying the concentration (0, 0.06, 0.13, 0.19 mM) of DTPA, chemical fertilizers (NPK), and combination of chemical fertilizers and DTPA 0.06 mM. The fruit yields of cucumber and soil chemical properties had no significant differences between treatments. However, in the spring season of 2011, DTPA 0.06 mM plot added 1 time per 2 weeks increased the yield of cucumber, but caused the reduction of yield in next cultivation season. This result showed that excess use of DTPA can cause the damage of crop growth. The inorgainc contents such as Ca and Mg absorbed by cucumber plant had significant differences between DTPA 0.19 mM (2 times/1 week) and fertilizers plus DTPA treatments [DTPA 0.06 mM (2 times/1 week) + 1/2 NPK, DTPA 0.06 mM (2 times/1 week) + NPK]. The input cost of fertilizers was saved when the concentration and the number of times added with DTPA was 0.06 mM and 1 time a week, respectively. This treatment used 67% less of applied fertilizers cost than the plot of conventional practice did. Thus, this research suggested that the application of DTPA 0.06 mM by 1 time a week can be effective for sustainability of crop production and reduction of fertilizers usage in polytunnel greenhouse.

Co-extraction and stripping behavior of trivalent actinides and fission products in N,N-di-2-ethylhexyl-N´,N´-dioctyl-diglycolamide

Abstract A solution of 0.1 M N,N-di-2-ethylhexyl-N´,N´-di-octyl-3-oxa-1,5-diamide (DEHDODGA)-0.5 M N,N-dihexyloctanamide (DHOA) in n-dodecane has been evaluated for the separation of trivalent actinides from high-level liquid waste (HLLW). The extraction and stripping behaviour of Am(III) and other metal ions present in HLLW was studied. The distribution ratio of various metal ions was measured as a function of concentration of nitric acid and interfering ion. The extraction of metal ions decreased in the order M4+ ≥ M3+ ≫ M2+ ∼ MO2 2+ ≫ M+. The extraction of Am(III), Eu(III), Y(III), and Zr(IV) was quantitative. However, the distribution ratio of unwanted metal ions such as Fe(III), Co(II), Sb(III), Mn(II), and Cs(I) was negligible. The distribution ratios of Cd(II), Ru(III), Pd(II), Mo(VI), Cr(VI), Ba(II), Ni(II), and Sr(II) were not insignificant, but were quite low. The conditions needed for the quantitative recovery of trivalents from the loaded organic phase were optimized with the use of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA)-citric acid at pH 3 to facilitate the mutual separation of lanthanides-actinides in the subsequent step.

Electrodeposition of Oriented SrCO3 Coatings on Stainless Steel Substrates

Cathodic reduction of a strontium bicarbonate bath stabilized by a variety of amine-carboxylic acids as ligands resulted in the deposition of micrometers-thick coatings by electrogeneration of base. The use of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) yielded coatings with a distinct -axis orientation. The degree of orientation is higher in thick rather than thin coatings. The degree of orientation is also reduced when the DTPA concentration is increased or the pH is increased. These observations suggest that oriented crystal growth is due neither to the template effect of the substrate nor any additive mediated interaction due to DTPA but is solely due to the kinetics of crystallization. The Sr[DTPA] complex has the highest stability constant among the ligands studied, indicating the low degree of supersaturation in this bath compared to those stabilized by other complexing agents. deposition is a good model for the study of aragonite deposition by virtue of being isostructural with the latter and having the smallest lattice mismatch with aragonite among the heavier metal carbonates.

Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid enhances thyroid hormone action by a transcriptional mechanism.

Zinc is thought to be required as a structural component of the thyroid hormone (triiodothyronine, T3) receptor (TR). However, we have previously demonstrated that use of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) to restrict zinc availability to cultured cells actually potentiates rather than inhibits thyroid hormone action. In this article, the mechanisms underlying these effects of DTPA have been investigated. Treatment of GH3 rat pituitary tumor cells with DTPA in the presence of T3 resulted in twofold greater concentrations of growth hormone (GH) mRNA. Addition of actinomycin D to inhibit transcription showed that GH mRNA was actually less stable in the presence of DTPA, eliminating mRNA stabilization as a possible mechanism underlying this effect. Cycloheximide was able to block the induction by DTPA, showing a requirement for protein synthesis. Transient transfection of a GH promoter/luciferase reporter construct into GH3 cells revealed an inhibitory effect of DTPA on luciferase activity. However, when cells were stably transfected with the same construct, a T3-dependent stimulation of luciferase activity by DTPA was observed, mimicking the effects seen with the endogenous mRNA. Thus, the GH promoter does mediate the effects of DTPA, but stable integration into chromosomal material is required.

THE BENEFITS AND RISKS OF USING RIVER SEDIMENT FOR VIETNAMESE AGRICULTURE: A CASE STUDY OF THE NHIEU LOC CANAL IN HO CHI MINH CITY

ABSTRACT This study was conducted to assess the potential of river sediment for amendment of agricultural land with respect to heavy metal mobilization. The mobility and concentration of bioavailable heavy metal containing in the sediment were evaluated with the use of DTPA (diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid) extraction techniques. Sum of metals in exchangeable and carbonate fractions obtained from sequential extraction scheme was used to evaluate the potential plant available. Four land blocks of size (1 m × 5.8 m) were prepared for cabbage field experiment and applied with different loading rates of sediment (≈28 and 42 ton/ha or equivalent to 100 kgN/ha and 150 kgN/ha). In parallel test, land blocks treated with fertilizer at similar nitrogen loading rates were also conducted for comparisons. Pure soil plot was used as a control system. Results show that both plant available and total heavy metal concentration were found higher in those plots treated with higher loading rates of sediment (42 ton/ha). The concentrations of heavy metals (Cu,Zn,Pb) in soil were decreased with time after crop harvesting and the residues remain in the soil were well below those of the UK, USA and Germany standards. Simple linear regression was used to show the correlation between the DTPA extractable metals and the plant metals fractions (root and shoot) resulting from fertilizer and sediment applications in the amended soils. In most cases, plant available metal concentrations showed positively correlated with plant metal uptake concentrations (R 2 = 0.01–0.95, n = 3). Concentration of metals in the cabbage tissue detected: Zn at 131.53 ± 10.43 mg kg−1 DM, Cu at 20.84 ± 1.62 mg kg−1 DM, Pb at 0.09 ± 0.01 mg kg−1 DM, Cd at 0.21 ± 0.09 mg kg−1 DM and Ni at 0.44 ± 0.05 mg kg−1 DM. None of these metals concentration exceeded the tolerable limits of plant. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied to find out the effect of different soil amendments on cabbage yield in term of fresh and dry weights. The sequence of crop yields in this field studies for amended soils is chemical fertilizer>sediment>control soil.

Use of DTPA for increasing the rate of elimination of plutonium-238 and americium-241 from rodents after their inhalation as the nitrates.

This study has shown that: both inhaled (2 mumol/kg) and injected (30 mumol/kg) diethylenetriaminepenta-acetic acid (DTPA) can reduce the lung deposit of 238 Pu and 241 Am inhaled as nitrate to about 1% of that in untreated controls; injection of DTPA is more effective than aerosolized DTPA for reducing deposits of 238Pu and 241Am in the liver and skeleton; combined treatment involving early inhalation of DTPA followed by repeated intravenous injections is likely to be the most effective treatment for workers who have accidentally inhaled plutonium and americium nitrates.

The use of DTPA for removing extrapulmonary curium-244 from the rat

Following the uptake of curium-244 dioxide, a major factor influencing the movement of 244Cm from lungs to blood and urine is the formation and transport of 0.001 μm particles, believed to be the hydroxide. These particles are neither dissolved nor is 244Cm chelated by the trisodium calcium and zinc salts of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) when the compounds are administered at therapeutic levels. By inhibiting the reaction between the particles and serum proteins in the blood, however, DTPA permits the rapid dialysis of the particles into the urine. This process is so efficient that the deposition of 244Cm in extrapulmonary tissue can be reduced to trivial amounts by administering Na 3ZnDTPA at concentrations appreciably below the currently recommended level.

THE EFFECT OF IRON ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF SUPEROXIDE AND HYDROXYL RADICALS AS SEEN BY SPIN TRAPPING AND ON THE SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE ASSAY

Abstract— Using the spin trap 5,5‐dimethyl‐1‐pyrroline‐1‐oxide we have demonstrated the presence of OH in the xanthine‐xanthine oxidase system when iron and/or iron‐EDTA (ethylenediamine‐tetraacetic acid) is present. With increasing iron (or iron‐EDTA) concentration the intensity of the O2‐ spin adduct decreased while that of OH increased. However, use of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DETAPAC) as a metal chelator in the reaction mixture suppressed the OH spin adduct signal while maintaining the intensity of the signal from the O2‐ spin adduct.Use of EDTA to eliminate the interfering effects of metal ions in the superoxide dismutase assay employing xanthine oxidase and nitroblue tetrazolium introduces an artifact from the iron present. The interference in the assay from metal ions, including iron, can be eliminated with use of DETAPAC as a metal chelator. Thus, it is possible to make comparisons of measured superoxide dismutase activities even when there are variations in the amount of iron present in the samples.

Efficiency of low level DTPA therapy in removing plutonium from mice.

THE therapeutic use of diethylene-triamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA) for removing plutonium from animals given injections of soluble plutonium has been reported1–4. In these studies the amounts of 239Pu injected were between 2.4 and 60 µg/kg body weight and the amounts of DTPA used in the treatment were between 0.5 and 1 g/kg. In many cases of accidental contamination of humans, the amount of plutonium entering the body has been 0.1 µg/kg or less; nevertheless, the DTPA treatments usually consist of a series of 1 g injections5. Lower doses of DTPA, which minimize any risk of side effects from DTPA, are, however, preferable6,7. In our work, reported here, we gave rats injections of small amounts of 239Pu, which are equivalent to those commonly found in human accidents, and compared the effectiveness of removal of plutonium by small doses of DTPA with the large doses used by others1–4. Our wrork was made possible by the development of a technique for the use of small masses of 237Pu as a metabolic marker for the injected 239Pu (ref. 8).

Use of diethylenetriamine penta-acetic acid (D.T.P.A.) in the clinical assessment of total body iron stores.

As a quantitative test of iron storage the six-hour urinary excretion of iron was measured after the intravenous infusion of the iron-chelating agent diethylenetriamine penta-acetic acid (D.T.P.A.). The value of this test in determining the presence and magnitude of the total body iron stores was assessed in patients with diseases of iron storage. In patients with idiopathic haemochromatosis and in their first-degree relatives with increased iron stores as measured by hepatic biopsy, the result of the D.T.P.A. test fell progressively as iron stores were reduced by venesection therapy. There was a significant correlation between the result of the D.T.P.A. test and the excess iron storage as measured retrospectively by the effects of venesection therapy, and also between the D.T.P.A. test and the unsaturated iron-binding capacity (U.I.B.C.) in these patients. In patients with excess iron stores due to diseases other than idiopathic haemochromatosis (e.g., alcoholic cirrhosis, haemochromatosis associated with refractory anaemia) the D.T.P.A. test demonstrated the presence of excess iron stores, but the results were very variable and did not correlate closely with the U.I.B.C. or the degree of hepatic haemosiderin deposits. Unexpectedly high results for the D.T.P.A. test were found in some patients with iron-deficiency anaemia.

REMOVAL OF INHALED RADIOACTIVE YTTRIUM BY THE USE OF DIETHYLENETRIAMINE-PENTAACETIC ACID (DTPA).

REMOVAL OF INHALED RADIOACTIVE YTTRIUM BY THE USE OF DIETHYLENETRIAMINE-PENTAACETIC ACID (DTPA).

Improvements in the Fluorometric Determination of Submicrogram Quantities of Beryllium

A recently published procedure for the fluorometric determination of beryllium using morin was improved significantly, and its application was extended. Stabilization of alkaline solutions of morin toward air was accomplished without use of stannite or other reducing agents. Use of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid in place of lethylenedinitrilo)-tetraacetic acid prevents formation of fluorescent complexes of morin with scandium, yttrium, and lanthanum, and increases the selectivity greatly. A new combination of primary and secondary filters produces a threefold increase in the ratio of net beryllium fluorescence to blank fluorescence while requiring an instrumental sensitivity only one fourth that obtained with the previous combination. Since the exciting wave lengths are entirely in the visible region of the spectrum, errors produced by colorless ions that absorb in the ultraviolet are eliminated. One of the most important discoveries was the extensive adsorption of beryllium from alkaline solution on the glass walls of the container. The fluorescent species contains beryllium and morin in a mole ratio of 1 to 1. Detailed procedures are presented for the determination of beryllium in metallic thorium, zirconium, uranium, copper alloys, and aluminum, in rare earth oxides and phosphates, and in silicates such as beryl and clay that are not decomposed completelymore » by either pyrosulfate fusion or hydrofluoiic acid. Beryllium can be determined in air dusts at concentrations well below the maximum permissible levels without separations of any kind in approximately 30 minutes.« less