Use Of Construction Equipment Research Articles

Artificial Intelligence Methods for the Construction and Management of Buildings.

Artificial intelligence covers a variety of methods and disciplines including vision, perception, speech and dialogue, decision making and planning, problem solving, robotics and other applications in which self-learning is possible. The aim of this work was to study the possibilities of using AI algorithms at various stages of construction to ensure the safety of the process. The objects of this research were scientific publications about the use of artificial intelligence in construction and ways to optimize this process. To search for information, Scopus and Web of Science databases were used for the period from the early 1990s (the appearance of the first publication on the topic) until the end of 2022. Generalization was the main method. It has been established that artificial intelligence is a set of technologies and methods used to complement traditional human qualities, such as intelligence as well as analytical and other abilities. The use of 3D modeling for the design of buildings, machine learning for the conceptualization of design in 3D, computer vision, planning for the effective use of construction equipment, artificial intelligence and artificial superintelligence have been studied. It is proven that automatic programming for natural language processing, knowledge-based systems, robots, building maintenance, adaptive strategies, adaptive programming, genetic algorithms and the use of unmanned aircraft systems allow an evaluation of the use of artificial intelligence in construction. The prospects of using AI in construction are shown.

Verification of Performance Standards for Construction Equipment in Terms of CO2 Emissions

Almost every civil engineering project involves heavy construction equipment to create earthworks. This in turn is connected with carbon dioxide emissions, which are hazardous to the environment, especially in densely populated areas. Strict control and regulation of emissions from construction equipment has already been introduced in Hong Kong. This paper presents the results of several years of field research on the performance of construction equipment (excavators). The comparative analysis concerns the data obtained during a field survey in relation to the outlays proposed in the catalogues of material outlays commonly used in Poland (KNR catalogues.) The presented problem fills in the gaps in research on the performance of construction equipment. The results of the study clearly show the discrepancy between theoretical data from the KNR and the actual use of construction equipment during the construction of underground sanitary networks. Apart from the excessive consumption of diesel fuel, sequentially increased CO2 emissions occur. The presented research results allow for the development of an innovative method for the optimal use of heavy construction equipment, thus reducing CO2 emissions. This study is a continuation of a pilot study conducted by the staff of the Institute of Civil Engineering, Warsaw University of Life Science.

Large-group failure mode and effects analysis for risk management of angle grinders in the construction industry

Accidents associated with the use of construction equipment are among the leading causes of fatal injuries in the construction industry. In particular, angle grinders are associated with a significant number of occupational injuries every year. However, practitioners and researchers have paid limited attention to this issue. To facilitate the development of more sophisticated plans and guidelines to prevent angle grinder-related accidents, failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) is employed for risk management in such a context. The conventional FMEA method is extensively used for examining potential failure in many industries, but has been criticized much in the literature for its various limitations. This study presents a novel large-group FMEA (LGFMEA) model, which integrates a clustering analysis for handling experts at large scale, a consensus reaching process with relative basic uncertain linguistic information (RBULI) to manage opinion diversity among experts, and the behavioral TOPSIS method to rank failure modes. The assessment information is characterized by the RBULI, a novel information representation construction method applied to handle complex evaluations under uncertainty. Finally, the proposed LGFMEA approach is performed for risk analysis related to angle grinder use to obtain insights into risk mitigation, and the sensitive and comparative analyses are performed to verify the rationality and feasibility of the model.

Development of scientific thought in the field of violation of environmental standards of building legislation

It is indicated that the legal protection of the natural environment, the provision of rational nature management and environmental safety in construction require not only the proper fulfillment by the subject of environmental legal relations of their rights and obligations, but also their protection from violations by other subjects, renewal of rights and legal interests of the participants of this legal relationship, bringing guilty persons to justice. It is legal responsibility that is the institution of environmental legislation that provides a mechanism for the localization and blocking of illegal behavior and stimulates socially useful actions of a person in the construction sector, is a measure of protection of society and its members from offenses, protects the interests of the individual, society and the state, is a form of the state’s response to violation of the established order of social relations.
 The article examines scientific views on the problems of violation of environmental norms of construction legislation, presents the formulation of the author’s term violation of ecological norms of construction legislation. It was determined that crimes in the field of violation of construction legislation are socially dangerous, criminally illegal, intentional or negligent actions (actions or inaction) with the use of construction equipment, construction tools, means, sources, methods and circumstances of their implementation, committed by physical, criminal, official, non-official and private persons.
 The author comes to the conclusion that crimes in the field of violation of construction legislation should be understood as socially dangerous, criminally illegal, intentional or negligent actions (actions or inaction) with the use of construction equipment, construction tools, means, sources, methods and circumstances of their implementation, committed physical, judicial, official, non-official and private persons (citizens of Ukraine, citizens of foreign countries, stateless persons and those with dual citizenship) who have reached the age of criminal responsibility for these crimes that encroach on relations regarding conditions (relationships), which ensure the existence of a multifunctional balanced system of vital activity of the animal, plant and human world, its protection, rational use and reproduction of such a single system, which includes a person (natural person), which will guarantee a natural environment that is safe for life and health, and in consequence of preparation, construction, operation and dismantling of construction structures cause significant damage to these relations, provided for by specific articles of the Special Part of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, or put them at risk of causing such significant damage.

중대재해처벌법상 중대산업재해의 발생 현황 및 사례 - 건설산업을 중심으로 -

The Serious Accidents Punishment Act was enacted on January 26, 2021, and has been in effect since January 27, 2022. However, for businesses or workplaces with less than 5 full-time workers, the obligations or liability provisions regarding ‘serious industrial accidents’ in this Act do not apply.
 The purpose of this Act is to prevent major disasters and protect the lives and bodies of citizens and workers. Serious industrial accidents are industrial accidents defined in Article 2, subparagraph 1 of the Industrial Safety and Health Act, which resulted in the death of one or more people. Therefore, this Act has an important meaning in various issues throughout the industry.
 In particular, when this Act is applied to the ‘construction’ industry, its importance is further emphasized.
 According to the status of major industrial accidents from 2012 to 2021, there are significantly more deaths in the ‘construction’ industry than in other industries. In other words, by size of construction amount, ‘less than 5 billion won’ is the most, and by type, ‘fall’ is the most common. In addition, cases of various fatal accidents have been reported during the construction and dismantling of buildings and the use of construction equipment. Implications raised to be considered when the current law is applied are as follows: i) Exclusion of application to small and medium-sized enterprises, etc., ii) Ambiguity of the responsibility of the person in charge of management, iii) Necessity of discussion on the meaning of practical governance, operation and management. In this regard, amendment bills have been proposed to the National Assembly of the Republic of Korea and are currently under review.
 Therefore, at the actual construction site, the CEO/CSO or manager must thoroughly check whether the laws and regulations are observed and take necessary measures so that safety measures can be clearly implemented. In the construction industry, serious industrial accidents should be drastically reduced and safety culture should be properly established through communication and opinions of related parties to improve the problems of the current laws and regulations.

Temporal analysis of the frequency of accidents associated with construction equipment

This study performs a temporal investigation of construction equipment-related accidents (CEAs). Accidents associated with the use of construction equipment are among the leading cause of fatal injuries in the construction industry. Although there are several studies on accidents, there are relatively few in-depth temporal analyses on the frequency of accidents. Using Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) accident data, we extracted information including equipment type, accident time, and accident cause. Using this information and the injury class highlighted in the OSHA dataset, the number of accidents as a function of time was determined and chi-square tests were performed. In addition, a series of interviews were conducted to qualitatively validate the results of the data analyses. It was found that the interval between 13:00 and 13:59 had the highest number of CEAs. Based on a chi-square test that divides time into four windows, it was found that the frequency of CEAs as a function of time is statistically significantly different. We also show the frequency of accidents based on time and equipment type, time and injury class, and time and accident cause. The results will contribute to the development of more sophisticated plans and guidelines to prevent accidents associated with the use of construction equipment.

Актуальные вопросы техносферной безопасности в процессе использования строительной техники

Objective: Study of the technosphere safety issues relating to the use of construction equipment. Analysis of regulatory framework in this field. Methods: Study of the main causes of accidents in construction has been carried out. Results: Ways to minimize risks and examples of accidents that threaten the technosphere safety when using construction equipment are given. Practical im-portance: It has been established that it is necessary to reduce the risk of accidents due to human error. This can be done in a variety of ways. For example, in order to avoid accumulated fatigue, one should provide a rational work and rest pattern, carry out professional selection when hiring, conduct tests, in particular for reality awareness, for personal qualities (level of responsibility, punc-tuality, etc.), and conduct professional retraining or qualification upgrade. Regular employee health checks are necessary. It is important to learn how to predict the possible consequences to pro-vide security of the decisions made.

Impact of dust on health of on-site construction workers – a case study

The rate of air pollution is becoming a cause for worldwide concern because of its substantial increase. Different sources like combustion of fuels, release of smoke from industries etc are responsible for the pollution of air. The construction industry is a major contributor to air pollution in the form of dust. Most of the activities involved in the completion of a construction project contribute to the generation of dust in one way or another. There are many sources of dust in a construction site like the use of construction equipment, transportation activities etc. the dust thus generated can ill effects as well. But, the problem of dust pollution is not addressed properly mainly because of the lack of awareness in this area. Proper identification of sources of dust in sites, its health impacts etc can help generate awareness and also help in implementing control measures. This can help reduce dust pollution on site. Here, a residential building site is taken for the case study. A questionnaire survey is conducted for the workers to identify the negative impacts construction dust has and also to determine the most common dust control measures employed in site.
 Keywords—air pollution, construction activities, construction equipment, questionnaire survey, dust control

The impact of modern construction technology on the workforce in the construction industry

This study investigated the impact of the use of construction technology equipment on the workforce in the construction industry. This study made use of the quantitative approach. Questionnaires were sent out to construction industry professionals, such as project managers, quantity surveyors, engineers, and owners of construction companies. Data received was analysed using descriptive statistics. The findings reveal that the use of construction equipment will have a tremendous impact on the workforce as one equipment would be able to execute work that could be done by a sizeable number of labourers. It was also found that the productivity of construction projects in South Africa can be increased by making use of construction technology equipment. However, it will be a herculean task to fully adopt construction technology equipment in project execution in South Africa as respondents believe the construction industry is heavily relied upon by the government to generate employment. There is also a perceived lack of expertise and lack of knowledge regarding the use of construction technology equipment among the workforce in the construction industry of South Africa. It is therefore suggested that construction companies invest in these different equipment, which will surely assist labourers and also speed up construction projects. The government must also look for areas of the economy to create jobs instead of relying heavily on the construction industry.

공동주택 공사내역서를 이용한 시공단계 유류소비량 및 탄소배출량 산출

This study attempted to estimate oil consumption and carbon dioxide emissions caused by the use of construction equipment and machine at the construction operation phase in 27 apartment construction sites. To calculate oil consumption at the construction operation phase of the apartment buildings, the construction equipment & machine-used construction items were classified using the construction statements. Then, oil consumption at the construction operation phase was obtained in 27 apartment construction sites. For carbon dioxide emissions, the construction items were categorized by construction type and building based on the estimated oil consumption. In terms of carbon dioxide emissions by building, 'welfare facilities' were the highest with <TEX>$11,508.86g-CO_2/m^2$</TEX>(27%). In terms of carbon dioxide emission by construction type, on the contrary, 'building construction' was the largest with <TEX>$5,453.25g-CO_2/m^2$</TEX>(89.34%).

STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF ROAD CONSTRUCTION ON THE ENVIRONMENT

The main environmental problems in highway construction that directly or indirectly influence on the environment are viewed. The major impacts on the geological environment are associated with realization of construction works, with use of construction equipment as well as with waste formation in construction organizations activities. Information on technical standards for the environment protection during highway construction is provided.

The Evaluation of Whole-Body Vibration Level in Hand-Held Pneumatic Tools (Rock Drill) by “Pneurop Cagi Test Code” Method

The evaluation of whole-body vibration in hand - held pneumatic tools (Rock drills) used in the Lashotor stone mines in Isfahan by the method PNEUROP CAGI (compressed air and gas institute) TEST CODE. This shows the methods for the use of construction equipment in stone mines under work circumstances. This method is designed to evaluate noise and vibration propagated by the hand – held pneumatic tools. Rock Drills are categorized as the major sources of noise and vibration by the Federal noise control Act of 1972. The paper demonstrates vibration values in three directions X, Y, Z and the three vital indices for workers while working with equipment, compared to standard graphs, produced by “Rock Drill” used in the above specified test method. This paper focuses on measurement and prediction of whole -body vibration indices in a rock drill used in stone mines using a B &amp; K vibration meter type 2512. In order to evaluate them we had to record the whole-body acceleration on the ground where the operator was standing and processing his work. The indices include reduced comfort (RC), fatigue decreased proficiency (FDP), and exposure level (EL) for a frequency response of 1–80 Hz shown Table I. As can be seen in table I, there are high values of rms acceleration in the Z and XY axes for exposure level and fatigue decreased proficiency, respectively. All values are based in a 5-hour exposure time. Although we found high levels of vibration in different axes, the most important index in comparison with its recommended limits can be exposure level, because it is a better index weighted for human vibration in workplaces. The reduced comfort index is not recommended for occupational and industrial use.

건설기계 연간표준가동시간 산정에 관한 연구

As use of construction equipment has been increasing continuingly, the proportion of equipment expense to the total construction cost has become higher. However, there is a difference between the equipment expenses section in 'Poom-Sam' and practical data, because 'Poom-sam' does not consider non-working days due to weather conditions, legal holidays and management conditions. Therefore, 'Poom-Sam' does not present a reasonable standard for estimating construction equipment expenses. In this study, to estimate realistic construction equipment operating hours, firstly, construction equipment was classified according to work, and weather conditions, in which each work could not be executed, were established. Then, weather data on Seoul and Busan(<TEX>$2004{\sim}2006$</TEX>) and legal holidays were analyzed to suggest annual standard operating hours. The annual standard operating hours of earthmoving & excavating, compaction, and drilling equipment was estimated to be 1,430 hours, and lifting equipment, concrete paving equipment, asphalt paving equipment, concrete equipment, and crushing & conveying equipment were estimated to be 2,124 hours, 1,156hours, 1,188hours, 1,688hours, and 2,152hours respectively.

건설현장에서 발생하는 비산먼지의 실태 및 영향에 관한 연구

Dust scattering is one of the major problem for the residents living nearby construction field with construction noise and vibration. The dust scattering may inflict a considerable damage to psychological, spiritual discomfort to neighboring peoples. Therefore, the trouble of residents living nearby construction field have been increasing. Nevertheless, in our country, adequate guidelines for the dust scattering are not yet established because of the lack of basic data and insufficient research works. In this point, this study has researched its level of damage by conducting of the interview-survey which utilizing of questionnaire-paper asking for those staffs and workers to answer in the construction field, in order to grasp the damage extent of the actual condition effect and response against scattering dust in construction field. As the result, the occurring rate of dust scattering was appeared high compare with other constructing processes, due to utilization of construction equipment that operating at the fundamental basic construction stage, and it was turned out that presently the proper countermeasure and training against scattering dust in the construction site is insufficient. As for the solution mean against that, it is considered that with the better operation of construction site such as the installation of facilities for occurrence-restraint of dust scattering, frequent sprinkling of water, use of thermostat-covers, as well as those methods to be minimized of the occurrence of dust scattering must be contrived through the education for an attention how to use of construction equipment and training at the site.

Optimal Schedule Planning for Multiple, Repetitive Construction Process

This study attempts to develop a construction scheduling model using a conceptual approach to improve the efficiency of construction resources for a multiple, repetitive construction process (MRCP). It is important for a project manager to arrange the number of horizontal repetitive work areas by each crew group to reduce the work interruption period in MRCP. This study suggests some equations for estimating the optimal number of horizontal repetitive work areas for a crew group and pursued a conceptual model for MRCP, which can reduce the loss in manpower and use of construction equipment that is caused by work interruption periods. A computer program developed for the analysis of MRCP shows an appropriate performance through the application to a case study based on the proposed procedure model in this study. Supposing that there is time to spare in the project completion date, the result of the study shows that cost loss could be greatly reduced by the proposed methodology.

Assessment of Performance Specification Approach for Pavement Foundations

Road foundations are currently designed using established empirical relationships and a recipe specification, according to which specified materials are laid and compacted using specified methods. Such an empirically based specification is unlikely to result in an efficient use of construction equipment or materials and does not allow the use of analytical design procedures. If a move to a performance specification can be adopted, functional subgrade and foundation material parameters can be used in design and compliance testing. This allows for the use of previously untried materials and provides assurance of the “as-constructed” performance of the pavement foundations. The philosophy adopted for a performance specification currently being researched in the United Kingdom is explained. The performance parameters to measure for both design and compliance testing, and when they should be measured, are detailed. The requirements of tests to measure the parameters are specified, and the techniques currently available are reviewed. Finally, selected results from field trials performed to evaluate the proposed specification are presented. Research has shown that techniques are available to allow for a move to a performance specification. However, the assessment of granular materials with large particle sizes requires further research. The trials revealed that adequate compaction of subbase can be achieved on a wider range of supporting materials than might be expected. Significant variability in test data was found for small areas of the same site containing similar subgrades; therefore, any target values set for compliance testing should be ideally both material and site specific.

Equipment Costs by Current Methods

A knowledge of equipment costs is vital to the profitable and efficient use of construction equipment. Four current methods of costing equipment are examined for purpose and procedure. They are the methods developed by the Associated General Contractors of America, the Caterpillar Tractor Company, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, and the Equipment Guide-Book Company. Each method is described briefly by outlining what ownership and operating costs are considered and how they are determined in the particular method. The differences between the methods in the treatment of the costs are examined and the reasons therefor. The conclusions are that good historical costs records are necessary to make an intelligent estimate of future costs, and that the method selected will depend on the purpose of the cost estimate.