Use Of Confirmatory Factor Analysis Research Articles

Motives for Caffeine Consumption Questionnaire (MCCQ): validity and reliability of Turkish version

ObjectivesThe aims of this study are to make the Turkish validity and reliability of the scale that explain why caffeine intake. Additionally, it is crucial to highlight that the adaptation of the scale involved a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to validate its structure and the need for this adaptation in the Turkish context.Materials and methodsThe study was carried out with a total of 200 university students, comprised of 93.5% female and 6.5% male participants, with a mean age of 21.74 ± 6.15 years who were actively studying in the faculties of the universities who accepted to participate voluntarily in the study were included. The Turkish version of the Motives for Caffeine Consumption Questionnaire (MCCQ) scale and the MCCQ was used as the data collection tools. To evaluate the statistical analysis findings, the margin of error was taken as 5%. The entire application was carried out with the R-project software. CFA was used to test the adaptation of the MCCQ scale from English to Turkish.ResultsThe alpha internal consistency coefficient for the whole scale was calculated as 0.959. Just like the original scale, the Turkish version shows a six-factor structure: habit, alertness, mood, social, taste, and symptom management. In MCCQ-TR, it showed a low level of positive correlation with Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS). For the final scale with 23 items and 6 sub-dimensions, it was determined that the fit indices were at an acceptable level, and the internal consistency was highly reliable for all sub-dimensions and the total scale.ConclusionsIt has been determined that the Turkish version of the MCCQ is a valid and reliable measurement tool to operationalize the motives of caffeine consumption and to reveal possible differences in the motives regarding gender, age, and the type of caffeinated products consumed. The use of CFA in adapting the scale ensures the robustness of the structural validity in the Turkish context, making this adaptation a valuable contribution to the field.

Turkish Adaptation of Personal Social Responsibility Scale: Validity and Reliability Study

The concept of personal social responsibility is a crucial notion that significantly impacts both individuals and society as a whole. Individuals' embrace of social responsibility leads to positive developments economically, ecologically, psychologically, and socially. It also plays a protective role factor against potential risks and crises. The purpose of this research is to adapt the Personal Social Responsibility Scale into Turkish and to test its validity and reliability within the context of a sample from Turkey. The research sample comprises 223 individuals between the ages of 20 and 65 years, including 111 males and 112 females, all of whom have a steady income. Translation efforts were conducted in line with the research objective, followed by the use of confirmatory factor analysis and discriminant validity methods to test validity and reliability. The confirmatory factor analysis resulted in the desired fit and item-total correlation values, ensuring the expected differentiation regarding the scale. As a result, a valid, reliable, and practical tool for assessing the level of personal social responsibility within the Turkish sample was developed through this research.

Risk perception as a barrier to renewable energy finance – a study of debt investors in the Indian context

Purpose This study aims to explore the perceptions of investors regarding the risks associated with funding renewable energy projects in India, as well as the various factors that influence these perceptions. The investigation is limited to debt providers and seeks to pinpoint the primary risks that bankers perceive and the drivers that shape these perceptions. Design/methodology/approach This study draws on interviews and surveys of Indian bank executives, investigating how finance providers perceive risks in the Indian context and the factors driving such perceptions. Qualitative interviews have been used for operationalizing “risk perception” within the renewable energy domain, followed by a quantitative survey and exploratory factor analysis. Findings The authors find that experience and capacity are the most important factors that account for 30% of the overall variance. The second factor, which accounts for 15% of the variance, includes the perceived risks in funding renewable energy projects as compared to infrastructure projects. Among individual risks, the authors find that bankers perceive technological risk to be the lowest (5%) and contractual and regulatory risks as the highest (66%) in renewable energy projects. Research limitations/implications The study contextualizes risk perception toward renewable energy investments in the Indian context by drawing from the risk perception literature and qualitative interviews with senior bankers. It presents empirical evidence on the decision-making behavior of bankers, who are important stakeholders of the renewable energy ecosystem. The main limitation of the study is the relatively small sample, and generalizing the results to the broader population might require a larger sample. This will facilitate the use of confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling, which can facilitate a more comprehensive understanding of risk perceptions in renewables financing. Originality/value Insights gained can be used to provide policy recommendations for improving the financing ecosystem of renewable energy projects. The research significantly contributes to the extant literature within the renewable energy financing domain for emerging economies.

Confirmatory Factor Analysis in Kinesiology Journals with Explicit Measurement Focus

ABSTRACT Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) is a commonly used statistical technique. Recommendations for evaluating CFA highlight scholars should outline the expected model, conduct data screening, report model estimation and evaluation, and report key information about results to provide evidence for latent variables. The purpose of the current study was to review and evaluate the use of CFA in research published from 2013 to 2022 in the journal of Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science (MPEES), the most measurement focused journal in kinesiology, in our view. Results were cross-checked by examining research published in Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport during the same time period. Strengths included providing information about the expected model, evaluating the final model, and reporting parameter estimates. Areas for improvement included conducting data screening and evaluating factor quality. Finally, recommendations for scholars to improve reporting of CFA in kinesiology are provided.

Is Less More? Reevaluating the Psychometric Properties of the Sense of Coherence-13 and a Revised Seven-Item Version in South Africa Using Classical Theory and Item Response Theory

Studies on the dimensionality and factor structure of the Sense of Coherence-13 (SOC-13) scale have produced inconsistent results, and there is a need for comprehensive psychometric testing of the scale in different populations and using diverse methodologies. SOC refers to the individual’s ability to perceive life as comprehensible, manageable, and meaningful. The current study investigated the dimensionality of the SOC-13 through the use of confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), ancillary bifactor indices and item response theory in a sample of young adults in South Africa. Participants were students (n = 322) who completed the SOC-13, the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale, the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 and short forms of the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, and the trait scale of the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. CFA indicated the best fit for a one-factor model, but the problematic parameter estimates raise concerns about the construct validity of the scale. Non-parametric item response theory (Mokken scale analysis [MSA]) identified limitations in the original 13-item version, suggesting a more dependable seven-item version (SOC-7). This revised scale exhibited strong psychometric characteristics and was consistent with the theoretical foundations that underpin the construct. We verified the unidimensional structure of the SOC with the more stringent parametric item-response theory (Rasch analysis) which confirmed that the seven-item SOC is unidimensional. Rasch analysis confirmed the measurement invariance of the SOC-13 in terms of gender and area of residence. The study suggests that a shorter seven-item version consisting of items from the three components of sense of coherence has comparative properties to the 13-item version but the evidence does not provide support for the use of the SOC-13 as a multidimensional measure. Research in the area of sense of coherence would benefit from further validation studies of both the original SOC-13 and the revised SOC-7, especially across populations and settings.

Development and Validation of the One-Factor Questionnaire “Patient Satisfaction with Medical Care”

Background. One of the most viral principles in the development of modern healthcare is patient-oriented approach providing a medical care considering citizens expectations; ensuring individual approach in solving their personal problems. One of the most important markers for assessing patient-oriented health care provision is patient satisfaction with medical care. Aims the aim of our study was to develop and validate a tool to assess this indicator in the Russian Federation. Methods. A total of 3012 people between the ages of 18 and 83 took part in the study. The ratio of males to females in the sample was approximately 1:1 (1501 females to 1511 males). Quantitative methods were used to conduct the analysis. Construct validity was assessed using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses (EFA and CFA, respectively) with appropriate assessment of goodness-of-fit. Reliability and internal consistency of the instrument measuring patient satisfaction with medical care was assessed using Cronbachs alpha. Results. The study involved 3012 people aged 18 to 83 years. The ratio of men to women in the sample was approximately 1:1 (1501 women and 1511 men). The proportion of urban residents who took part in the study was 67.2%, rural 32.8%. Less than a month ago, 22.0% of respondents received medical care for the last time; from one to three months 22.7%; four to six 29.1%; from seven to twelve 16.7%; more than a year ago 9.5%. The services of private medical organizations were used by 12.3% of the study participants, state 87.7%. The use of confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated the acceptability of a one-factor solution and confirmed the structural validity of the developed tool. The reliability and internal consistency of the patient satisfaction measurement tool was assessed using Cronbachs alpha. Cronbachs alpha showed excellent internal domain consistency ( 0.9). Bartletts sphericity criterion was met (p-value 0.001). Conclusion. The conducted statistical analysis allows us to assert the acceptability of the one-factor model and the construct validity of the proposed tool.

Modeling Development and Validation of Metaverse Attitude Scale

This study is an attempt to develop a reliable and valid measurement tool to measure secondary school students' attitudes towards metaverse use. Therefore, the study reported the analyses related to metaverse attitude scale (MVAS). The content validity of the scale was ensured by an expert’s view, and Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) designed according to the Technology Adaptation Model (TAM) were employed to ensure its construct validity. . The structural equation model was used to reveal the relationship across the variables. EFA was carried out with the data obtained from 251 5th, 6th, 7th, and 8th-grade secondary school students enrolled in public schools in a city in northwest Turkey. The results of EFA confirmed a 22-item three-factor model. Then, the three-factor model obtained from EFA was cross-validated through the use of CFA that proposed a 21-item 3-factor model. The fit indices for CFA were found as .05 for RMSEA, .049 for SRMR, .889 for GFI, .871 for AGFI, .9146 for NFI, .965 for CFI, and .916 for RFI. Besides, the results affirmed the proposed 21-item three-factor model theoretically and statistically. Structural equation modeling was used to determine the relationship across variables. Accordingly, secondary school students were identified to have positive responses towards cognitive and affective fields related to the metaverse. However, they could not transform these responses into behavioral field. As a result, the metaverse may be used in education since it is likely to observe the independent variables such as perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use and attitude towards use regarding the metaverse in secondary school students.

Psychometric properties of the persian version of the physician teaching self-efficacy questionnaire

IntroductionTheories and numerous empirical studies indicate teaching performance and students’ learning progress are affected by teaching self-efficacy. Therefore, the present study examines the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the physician teaching self-efficacy questionnaire.MethodsThe 16-item physician teaching self-efficacy questionnaire was translated from English to Persian and back-translated to English and then administered to 242 medical teachers from six medical universities. To assess construct validity, researchers made use of confirmatory factor analysis. To check the reliability and validity of the physician teaching self-efficacy questionnaire, we used internal consistency, discriminant, convergent, and criterion validity.ResultsPLS-SEM results substantiated the original three factor structure of the questionnaire which is dyadic, triadic, and self-regulation. For all sub-scales, internal consistency- measured by Cronbach’s alpha and composite reliability, convergent validity- measured by factor loading and AVE, and discriminant validity- measured by cross-loading, Fornell-Larcker, and HTMT metrics- confirmed the construct reliability and validity of the questionnaire. A positive correlation was, also, fund between teaching motivation and experience with the physician teaching self-efficacy questionnaire scales, proving the criterion validity of the questionnaire.ConclusionThe Persian version of physician teaching self-efficacy questionnaire is a valid, highly reliable, and multidimensional tool to measure physicians’ clinical teaching self-efficacy working in medical universities.

Consumer’s Online Brand-Related Activities in Instagram and their Impact on Word-of-Mouth

A comprehensive examination of COBRAs concerning word-of-mouth marketing has yet to be fully conducted. A brand needs to know whether such activities can also entail offline consequences for the brand, i.e. in the form of word of mouth. The distinction between relevant and irrelevant activities is important from the brand’s managerial point of view for cost-effective management and the pursuit of its stated goals. The paper intends to examine the consequences of consumers’ online brand-related activities, along with word-of-mouth marketing, in the setting of the Instagram social network. Instagram is currently a highly effective medium for fostering brand growth in the digital sphere. The dataset comprises 335 standardised questionnaires amassed in the first half of 2021. Based on the current state of the literature and research, together with the research question, one statistical hypothesis was formulated for analysis. The study focused on determining whether certain consumers’ online brand-related activities had a statistically significant effect on word-of-mouth about the brand. The statistical examination of the presented issue made use of Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) employing Maximum Likelihood Estimation (ML) as well as Partial Least Square – Path Modeling (PLS PM). This method was selected based on the fact that the items do not interfere with the internal structure of factors in the instrument, which captures specific aspects of attitudes and perceptions regarding brand-related activities on social networks. The findings revealed that consumers’ online brand-related activities exert two statistically significant effects on brand word-of-mouth, specifically concerning content consumption and content creation, at a 0.05 significance level. The context and potential consequences of this discovery are examined in the concluding discussion section, with reference to existing literature and ongoing research.

Impact of commercial, financial and corporate affairs on operational excellence of the Indian mining industry

PurposeThis study aims to identify the impact of commercial issues (CIs), financial issues (FIs) and corporate affairs (CAs) on operational excellence (OE) of the mining industry.Design/methodology/approachA purposive sample of size 321 was collected from Indian mining executives with more than ten years of exposure to the mining field. Factors are identified and confirmed with the use of confirmatory factor analysis. The structural equation modeling technique was then applied to understand the unique as well as the complex relationships between FI, CI, CA and OE.FindingsThe results indicate that all three issues, CI, FI and CA, have an influence on OE in the Indian mining industry. Among the variables of the issues considered in this study, marketing products and size and quality of products (from CI); scale of economies (from FI); risk management (from CA); and transportation and machine operation (from OE) are the highest influencing variables.Research limitations/implicationsThis study has its limitations in sampling, the timing of sample collection and their mode. The samples were collected from only massively deposited large mines.Practical implicationsBusiness managers of the mining industry will be more vigilant and aware of those indirect variables such as marketing products, size and quality of products, scale of economies and risk management, which can influence OE apart from major influencing variables such as transportation and machine operations and production scheduling.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study in the mining industry to evaluate the impact of these three issues on OE. The originality of this research lies in testing the CI, FI and CA of the mining industry with OE, which is completely new to this field.

Psychometric properties of the Polish adaptation of Technostress Creators and Technostress Inhibitors Scale.

The use of information and communication technologies by employees of organizations may cause technostress for their users. The sources of technostress in organizations are techno-overload, techno-invasion, techno-complexity, techno-insecurity, techno-uncertainty. An organization may also have technostress inhibitors that counteract the experience of technostress. The purpose of this research was to determine the psychometric properties of the Polish adaptation of Technostress Creators and Technostress Inhibitors Scale. In the first study (N = 632), the 8-factor structure of the questionnaire was confirmed by the use of confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Furthermore, a high internal consistency of the adapted method was obtained. The second study (N = 451) confirmed the external validity of the adapted method by correlating it with the Perceived Stress Scale. The third study (N = 123) confirmed high stability at the time of results obtained in 2 measurements with the adapted scale. To conclude, it can be stated that the Polish adaptation of the Technostress Creators and Technostress Inhibitors Scale is characterized by good psychometric indicators and can be successfully used in various organizations in the diagnosis and reduction of technostress. Med Pr. 2022;73(4):277-93.

Effect of Web atmospherics and satisfaction on purchase behavior: stimulus\u2013organism\u2013response model

The effect of Web atmospheric clues on the purchase intention of Jordanian shoppers has been evaluated in this study, along with the interventions of Website gratification. The primary data collection for testing the research model via a survey method has been performed from Jordan's capital city, namely Amman. The tenure of data collection from Amman is from July to January 2020. The Structural Equation Modeling method was used to analyze the data with AMOS 22.0 software. Convergent and discriminatory legitimacy of the measurement model has been estimated with the use of confirmatory factor analysis. The satisfaction component effectively negotiates the impact of Website clues on the intent of purchase. Moreover, the purchase intention is a consequent effect of the satisfaction caused by these preliminary factors. The e-retailers and marketers of Jordan are able to interpret the influence of multiple stimulating factors on the satisfaction gained from Web-related services with the help of the outcomes of this study. It is the prerogative of online retailers to ensure the delivery of the strongest atmospheric clues impacting the Website satisfaction to the shoppers. In the context of Jordanians, this study establishes that Web managers should designate a higher number of resources to the clues that enhance the excitement value of the atmospherics of Web portals. This study boosts the knowledge of the researchers having academic interest and practical inclination toward the aspects of developing economies and adds to their current level of knowledge regarding e-retailing and online buying behavior.

Measuring Specific Purpose Orientations in Working Adults.

The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a scale designed to measure specific purpose orientations among adults. Following literature review, a pool of items was developed and pilot tested with a convenience sample of adults recruited through MTurk (N = 554). Exploratory factor analysis suggested three distinct dimensions of others-growth, self-growth, and career-focused purpose orientations. The three-factor structure was confirmed with two independent samples of intercollegiate coaches in Study 2 (N = 377) and with teachers in Study 3 (N = 247) through the use of confirmatory factor analysis. Construct validity of the items was assessed, which included examining factor loadings and reliability, convergent validity, discriminant validity, and nomological validity. Overall, the 12 items measuring purpose orientations are suggested as valid and reliable for research and for reflection on the nature of their life purpose to ultimately promote wellbeing in adult populations.

What Does It Take to Be a Good Lawyer? The Underpinnings of Success in a Rapidly Growing Legal Market

The study identified the principal professional domains leading to success in legal professions. Based on a sample of 300 Polish attorneys, with the use of confirmatory factor analysis and 22 specific items, four principal domains of success were discerned—professional skills, marketing skills, reputation, and ethics. The evolution of these domains in Poland between 2005 and 2017 was examined, revealing that the importance of marketing skills significantly increased, while the remaining three domains lost importance over the study period. The results also indicated that legal professionals were more inclined to value professional skills, marketing skills, and ethics when their clients had an ability to measure the quality of legal service provided. The same domains transpired as important for lawyers, who attributed high importance to the role of the bar.

Construcción y validación de un instrumento para evaluar la comprensión global lectora en estudiantes de tercero de primaria

En México existe un problema en relación con la comprensión global lectora, lo cual se ha evidenciado en evaluaciones nacionales e internacionales. Sin embargo, existe un desacuerdo sobre los instrumentos utilizados para evaluar las habilidades de comprensión lectora. El objetivo de este trabajo es diseñar y validar un instrumento para evaluar la comprensión global lectora de estudiantes de tercer grado primaria. Con el uso del Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio (CFA) se confirmó un instrumento de 30 ítems y tres factores: ideas principales, inferencias y contextualización del concepto; que fue aplicado a 803 estudiantes. La evidencia demuestra que el mismo constructo es apropiado para diferentes variables contextuales (género, turnos y estatus). Los resultados del CFA ofrecen una solución satisfactoria en la estructura factorial de las escalas y en los niveles de consistencia interna.

Construcción y validación de un instrumento para evaluar la comprensión global lectora en estudiantes de tercero de primaria

According to national and international assessment results, there is a serious problem regarding global reading comprehension. However, there is disagreement over the instruments used to assess such skills. The goal of this study is to evaluate global reading comprehension in third graders. With the use of Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), an instrument of 30 items and three factors was confirmed: main ideas, inferences, and contextualization of the concept; the instrument was applied to 803 students. We also found that the same construct is appropriate for different contextual variables (gender, shifts, and socioeconomic status). As result, CFA offers a satisfactory solution in both the factorial structure of the scales and the levels of internal consistency.

Students’ learning behaviours and their perception about quality of learning experience: the mediating role of psychological safety

ABSTRACT Experiential learning is considered important to develop managerial skills. Several archetypes are developed to facilitate learning, and various outcomes of experiential learning have been studied by organizational scholars. In an effort to contribute to the literature about learning, this research pursues (1) to examine the effect of students’ learning behaviours on their perception about the quality of learning experience in business education, (2) to examine the mediating role of psychological safety between learning behaviours and students’ perception about quality of their learning experience. Based on Kolb’s experiential-learning theory and Mezirow’s transformational learning theory this research used a cross-sectional design. Data were collected from 208 students studying in the final semester of their master degree program. Initially, the use of confirmatory factor analysis helped in assessing the validity of the scales in this research context. Later on, hypothesized relationships were tested through structural equation modelling (SEM). Results revealed significant positive impact of critical reflection, student-to-student interactions, and instructor-to-student interactions on students’ perceptions about the quality of learning experience. Moreover, psychological safety was found to mediate the relationship between learning behaviours and students’ perceptions about quality of learning experience. Practical implications for management educators have also been discussed in this paper.

The Use of the Partner Surveillance Scale in Instagram: Psychometric Evaluation Based on the Graded Response Model

The use of social media, especially Instagram, has become an increasingly powerful form of daily activity. This social media affects the romantic relationship of people, where people in relationships can conduct surveillance on the behaviors of their partner. This study provides an analysis of the psychometric properties of the Indonesian version of the Partner Surveillance Scale which contains 15 items and used a 4-point Likert scale format. The study recruited 214 female university students aged 17-23 years old, who used Instagram. The Graded Response Model (GRM) method was applied. As a result, the Indonesian version of the Partner Surveillance Scale was proved to have good psychometrics properties and had good fit to the GRM. All assumptions of GRM were met and the scale had high reliability. But, it should be noted that some items did not fit well with the model. The results of this study also provide an alternative to the use of Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) in analyzing polytomous data with GRM. This study concluded that the psychometric properties of the Partner Surveillance Scale were good.

Toward a better understanding of the main antecedents and outcomes of consumer-based perceived product innovativeness

ABSTRACT Perceived product innovativeness has been addressed in the literature but most of time from the firm’s perspective, despite the key role consumers have in selecting new products among competitive offerings and in determining their success in the long run. Drawing upon previous research, our study identifies and tests four key antecedents and three main factors affecting the outcomes of consumer-based perceived product innovativeness. Based on samples drawn from the U.S. adult population, 3 separate studies, and the use of confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modeling (SEM), the statistical results reveal that those identified antecedents and outcomes denote a strong fit with the concept of consumer-based perceived product innovativeness. The findings contribute to the literature by closing an important gap in the current knowledge related to this important marketing construct and its applications in future studies. Theoretical and managerial implications are provided.

How relational drivers affect relationship value in key exporter-importer relationships: a dark side perspective

PurposeB2B marketing scholarship has acknowledged that relational capital and relationship-specific investments (RSIs) are critical relational drivers for explaining the success of business relationships, especially those in an export-import (E-I) context. However, the literature is still inconclusive on whether E-I partners should accentuate relational drivers to the fullest in order to increase relationship value. By drawing on relational view of competitive advantage and literature that explored the dark side of business relationships, the author builds a conceptual model exploring the boundary conditions (historical ties and relational capabilities) upon which relational drivers enhance or diminish relationship value in key E-I relationships.Design/methodology/approachTo test the proposed model, a survey was conducted among 114 industrial exporters from Croatia. The data was analyzed with the use of confirmatory factor analysis and hierarchical regression.FindingsThis study contributes to the international B2B literature in two ways. First, the findings show that in the case of strong historical ties between E-I partners, relational capital has an inverted U-shape association with the relationship value, whereas in the case of weak historical ties this relationship becomes linear. Second, the findings show that an importer’s RSI will lead to the highest relationship value when an exporter reciprocates through employing relational capabilities through which the exporter adapts his business model to the needs of the importer. In case of an exporter’s weak relational capabilities, the relationship between an importer’s RSIs and the relationship value flips into an inverted U-shape.Originality/valueThis study extends the literature on dark side of business relationships by offering insights into the boundary conditions that are essential for sustaining the relationship value in key E-I relationships. The study reveals that historical ties and relational capabilities represent boundary conditions that offer a more detailed explanation what is the optimal configuration of relational drives that would increase the relationship value between key E-I partners.