Use Of Computer-aided Design Systems Research Articles

ПРЕЕМСТВЕННОСТЬ УЧЕНИЯ В.П. ГОРЯЧКИНА В ТРУДАХ НАУЧНЫХ ШКОЛ ЮЖНОГО УРАЛА

The paper summarizes the factual material revealing the contribution of scientists of the agroengineering school of the Southern Urals to the development of V.P. Goryachkin's scientific ideas. The Chelyabinsk Institute of Mechanization and Electrification of Agriculture, established in 1930, became the center for the development of such scientific areas as the study of the dynamics of mobile agricultural units, the development of engine theory, the improvement of tractor design, the development of a differential method for threshing grain crops, the intensification and automation of grain separation processes, the creation of scientific foundations of technical service and the theory of restoration of agricultural machinery. (Research purpose) The research purpose is systematization of historical and scientific materials in the field of development of agroengineering scientific schools of the Southern Urals; showing the continuity of V.P. Goryachkin's teachings in the works of the considered scientific schools. (Materials and methods) Found out that the theoretical and practical results of scientific developments of the Lyubimov school were greatly influenced by numerous field tests in collective farms and state farms of the Southern Urals, as well as the use of computer-aided design systems for computing. The influence of the development of tractors of the Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant on the scientific research of E.M. Kharitonchik, I.E. Ulman was described. The links between branch scientific institutes and the Chelyabinsk Institute of Mechanization and Electrification of Agriculture were highlighted. (Results and discussion) We systematized the scientific achievements of the teaching staff of the Chelyabinsk Institute of Mechanization and Electrification of Agriculture from 1930 to 2023. (Conclusions) Scientists of scientific schools of the Southern Urals fully used all the resources available in the region and beyond: close communication within the branch scientific community (VIM, GOSNITI, NATI), close work with advanced industrial and agricultural enterprises for the development of agroengineering science and education and the introduction of the results into production.

EXPERIENCE OF SYNTHESIS OF MULTITOOL SETTINGS IN APPLICATION TO MODERN CONDITIONS

The trends in the production of special equipment for mass production are analyzed and the prospects for the use of multi-tool blocks for such equipment are established. The questions of synthesis of variants of multi-tool machining for parts with a large number of machined sides and machining surfaces are considered. Three groups of factors of a technological, geometrical and technical nature are established, which have a dominant influence on the compatibility of machining with tools in one tool block. Their allowable values and the proposed matrix of compatibility of technological operations performed are established. Based on the research carried out, a refined method for the synthesis of multi-tool blocks of special machine tools is proposed, the layout of which is based on the maximum use of unified modules and assemblies. This approach does not depend on the technological operations performed and on which modules can be used for the design implementation of the proposed tool block layout. The proposed method is focused on the use of computer-aided design systems in the process of creating machine tools with an aggregate-modular layout for mass production. It is based on the wide use of the knowledge base of the technical characteristics and technological capabilities of the modules used and makes it possible to initially configure the synthesis system for specific tasks solved at the enterprise by establishing admissible boundary parameters.

Actual issues of operation of CNC machines — preparation of control programs

The article analyzes various options for the preparation of control programs for CNC machines: the use of computer-aided design systems, the use of integrated CNC editors, the use of universal computing tools (personal computers, laptops, tablets), interactive writing of the program in manual control mode, the use of templates for specific processing methods, the use of converters that convert control programs developed by for other CNC systems, the use of converters from raster or vector files.

Parameters of the extraction of a thin-walled glass made of corrosion-resistant steel 12X18N10T

Methods of metal processing by pressure are one of the most advanced technological methods of manufacturing thin-walled spatial parts. The volumetric stamping methods used ensure high productivity while maintaining product quality. Cold volumetric stamping is one of the main types of metal forming in many branches of mechanical engineering, as it most fully meets the requirements of approximating the shapes and sizes of workpieces to finished parts. Determining the rational technology of the stamping process is a fundamental factor in the development of the production of a new product. Hollow parts with a bottom of the "glass" type are usually obtained by direct or reverse extrusion. The maximum deformation and minimum wall thickness of the part in this case is determined depending on the technological deformability of the workpiece. The design of technological processes of cold volumetric stamping of thin-walled parts of the "glass" type involves solving a number of complex tasks: determination of the stress-strain state; determination of punching forces, loads, etc. The use of traditional methods of designing technological processes of cold volumetric stamping does not always allow us to solve these tasks and ensure the optimal combination of the required quality of the finished part and the minimum time and cost of production. One of the effective approaches to solving these problems is the use of computer-aided design systems based on computer technologies: CAD and SAE systems - software complexes for automated engineering analysis of volumetric stamping processes.

Thermal studies of vacuum panels of cellular structure of a passenger car

Aluminum alloys and composite materials are used in the body structures of modern passenger railway cars, which required the use of new manufacturing technologies: extrusion, pultrusion, etc. The use of new materials and new production technologies is changing the design requirements of passenger rail cars. The use of computer-aided design systems, in particular, SolidWorks Simulation, allows you to optimize the profile of cellular panels used in the construction of the body of a passenger railway car and obtained by extrusion or 3-D printing. Purpose of this work is to optimize the design stage of the enclosing structures of the body of a passenger railway car made of cellular profile panels, which can significantly reduce the heat transfer coefficient of the body walls and their mass, as well as provide the necessary strength conditions. Optimal profile of the vacuum panel, consisting of two rows of hexagonal cells, provides, according to calculations, the value of the specific thermal resistance R = 2.922 (m2 K)/W, which is 16.5% more than that of the existing body structure of a passenger rail car.

АКТИВІЗАЦІЯ НАВЧАЛЬНО-ПІЗНАВАЛЬНОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ УЧНІВ НА УРОКАХ ТРУДОВОГО НАВЧАННЯ ЗАСОБАМИ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНО-КОМУНІКАЦІЙНИХ ТЕХНОЛОГІЙ

У статті досліджено психолого-педагогічні основи використання інформаційно-комунікаційних технологій (ІКТ) в освітньому процесі, з’ясовано їх дидактичний потенціал для активізації навчально-пізнавальної діяльності учнів на уроках трудового навчання. Використання засобів ІКТ у трудовій підготовці школярів передбачає роботу з низкою сучасних програм комп’ютерної графіки (Adobe Photoshop, CorelDRAW, Quark­XPress, 3D Studio MAX, “КОМПАС” та ін.), що стимулює в учнів інтерес до художньо-творчої діяльності, сприяє активізації пізнавальних здібностей особистості.

Numerical simulation of the stress strain state of base of the multi-helix screw pile under static loading in clay soil

A full-scale experiment was conducted to study the operation of a multi-helix screw pile under static pressing and pulling load in dusty clay soil.
 Based on the full-scale test of a multi-helix screw pile under static loading in dusty clay soil, numerical modeling of the stress-strain state of the base of the multi-helix screw pile was performed.
 Multi-helix screw piles are actively used all over the world, and have also become widespread in Ukraine. Foundations made of multi-helix screw piles are often used for industrial construction as well as the foundations of low-rise buildings and structures.
 Despite the growing demand for the use of multi-helix screw piles in modern construction, there is no official document calculating the features of their design and bearing capacity of a multi-helix screw pile. This poses a number of new tasks for engineers and geotechnical: a) development of new modern calculation methods; b) development and use of modern normative documents and recommendations for the calculation of foundations from multi-helix screw piles in various soil conditions; с) use of computer-aided design systems for calculation of complex geotechnical tasks; d) development of calculation models that will take into account nonlinear models of deformation of materials and soil base. Foundations made of multi-helix screw piles are a promising direction in the field of foundation construction due to the reduction of the duration of the foundation and its economic. This requires the development of regulations with recommendations for the calculation and use of multi-helix screw piles in the field of foundation construction, development of modern calculation models for the calculation of bearing capacity and settling of multi-helix screw piles in different geological conditions.
 Based on the results of the field study of the work of multi-helix screw piles in clay soils, numerical modeling of the stress-strain state of the base of the multi-turn pile was performed, and their results were compared.

ИМИТАЦИОННАЯ МОДЕЛЬ АВТОМОБИЛЬНОГО МАНИПУЛЯТОРА, РЕАЛИЗОВАННАЯ В СРЕДЕ САПР

The article is devoted to the problems of simulation of the working process of a truck-mounted crane using modern computer-aided design systems and applications for engineering calculations. Currently, analytical methods are mainly used to model the operation of manipulator technology, such as “manual” compilation and solution of Lagrange equations of the second order, or even simpler evaluative calculations based only on basic concepts of theoretical mechanics. However, such objects consist of many parts that are in a complex rotational motion and contact interaction with each other. If such complex systems are modeled by the indicated analytical methods, one has to introduce a number of assumptions that greatly simplify the mathematical model. The level of its adequacy is low. Also recently, numerical methods for modeling mechanisms that are implemented through programming languages by using a detailed description of the process under study are often used abroad. An alternative to these methods is the use of computer-aided design systems in which numerical methods are built-in at the core level of the program and require setting the basic geometric, dynamic and kinematic parameters of the mechanism and the environment, after which they can calculate the functioning parameters of the object under study. The process of creating a simulation model of a truck mounted crane, which is an analogue of an existing laboratory setup, has been considered. To do this, a 3D model of the manipulator in the SolidWorks CAD environment has been developed. The creation technique and the main features of the obtained simulation model have been described

Automated geometric simulation of disc working organs of treatment machines

The current stage of development of society is based on the multifaceted use of computer information technologies, in particular, for the design and manufacture of various technical objects. Therefore, further improvement of the methods of computer-aided design is an urgent scientific and applied problem in our time.The aim of the article is to outline the theoretical foundations of creating computer information technologies for effective geometric modeling of various groups of technical objects. The proposed integrated group approach is based, on the one hand, on the general classification of figures by dimension, geometric methods of their construction and modifications, and on the other hand, on the completed classification of objects of modeling and production processes of their manufacture.The research materials are illustrated by the example of such a group of technical objects as disk working bodies of tillage tools of agricultural engineering products. The presented approach is based on the methodology of structural-parametric geometric modeling created by the Scientific School of Applied Geometry of the Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute and is its further evolution.The methodology developed by the authors is largely invariant with respect to many engineering objects. This constitutes a significant scientific and applied value of the proposed approach of computer geometric modeling of industrial products. The relevance of the analyzed scientific and applied problem is due to the special importance of the processes of shaping in the design and manufacture of technical objects.A promising area of scientific research is the further generalization and integration of various approaches, in particular, structural-parametric, multidimensional geometry and special disciplines. This will allow using the development of appropriate new methods and techniques to create better computer models of many technical objects and processes, to increase the efficiency of the practical use of computer-aided design systems.

The study of the aircraft functional appearance design

The paper investigated the technical specification as the main document describing the major functions performed by the aircraft. The functional appearance of the on-board equipment complex is revealed in the first approximation. A range of tasks related only to solving problems of navigation and aircraft control is highlighted. The possibility of decomposition of functions depending on their degree of complexity is presented. The process of selecting existing systems to perform the required functions is investigated. The possibility of automating the process of designing a functional appearance based on existing systems is described. The system selection process has been formalized to enable the use of computer-aided design systems in order to shorten the design of the functional appearance of the upper level and minimize the functional inadequacy or redundancy of the complex.

Automated designing of driver for light-emitting-diode lamps

The article describes algorithm for designing of led driver based on the use of computer-aideddesign systems

Formation of non-circular pulleys by gas laser cutting and water jets with abrasive material

In this paper, the possibilities for forming non-circular pulleys using laser cutting techniques and cutting techniques using water jets with abrasive materials are described. Research on laser cutting with use of gases for formation of carbon steel and acid-resistant steel pulleys is also discussed. The advantages of water jet cutting of non-circular pulleys are shown, and the methodology for measuring machined pulleys with a coordinate measuring technique is also presented. Use of computer-aided design systems with a range of software enabling automation of CNC contour saw control and optimization processes for formed elements spacing are all also discussed.

Experience gained at ZAO Ural Turbine Works with the use of computer-aided design systems

The results of work accomplished in the field of computer-aided design at ZAO Ural Turbine Works (UTZ) are presented. A concept is described following which the tasks for a specialist’s workstations being developed at the UTZ are solved. Results from solution of problems with the use of modern numerical simulation computer programs for analyzing gas dynamic processes, casting, welding, and strength of complex structures are given. An example is given to show efficient use of a computer-aided design system for shifting an enterprise to a modern level of automation.

Erosion of drawing as a thinking and collaborative tool

The Building Research & Information special issue on ‘Visual Practices: Images of Knowledge Work’ (2007) begins to unravel the complex uses of knowledge embodied within artefacts such as drawings and the use of these artefacts in the wider social contexts of sharing and negotiating knowledge. However, there are some central questions about the changing nature of working practices and the complex functions ascribed to visual artefacts. The declining use of drawing and the rising use of computer-aided design (CAD) and information technology (IT) require further understanding, particularly for the social and organizational aspects of working within a design team and engaging with ‘outside’ stakeholders. Within the design office, the use of CAD systems may inhibit crucial peer conversations and interactions as well as limit the iterative working process when compared with the drawing process. Outside the design office, does the finished quality of CAD documents encourage dialogue, understanding, flexibility and openness with stakeholders (especially users) when compared with other forms of drawing? The act of drawing is an intellectual activity that embraces both analysis (understanding) and conception (proposition). Can CAD offer a similar level of richness or is there a loss in capabilities for those without drawing skills? Further research is needed, along the lines initiated in this special issue, to understand better the impacts and limitations imposed by the isolation of working behind a computer monitor. Le numéro spécial de Building Research & Information consacré aux ‘Visual Practices: Images of Knowledge Work’ (2007) commence par dévoiler les usages complexes de la connaissance intégrée dans des artefacts, comme les dessins et l'usage de ces artefacts dans le contexte social plus large du partage et de la négociation de la connaissance. Il demeure cependant un certain nombre de questions centrales concernant la nature changeante des pratiques de travail et les fonctions complexes attribuées aux artefacts visuels. Le déclin du dessin au profit de la conception assistée par ordinateur (CAO) et le recours croissant aux technologies de l'information (TI) exigent un complément de compréhension, en particulier pour ce qui est des aspects sociaux et organisationnels du travail au sein d'une équipe de conception et un engagement avec des intervenants extérieurs. Au sein du bureau d'étude, l'utilisation de systèmes de CAO peut inhiber les conversations et les interactions si importantes entre collègues et limiter aussi le processus itératif comparé au dessin. En dehors du bureau d'étude, la qualité finale des documents CAO encourage-t-elle le dialogue, la compréhension, la souplesse et l'ouverture des intervenants (en particulier les utilisateurs) par rapport à d'autres formes de dessin? Le dessin est une activité intellectuelle qui englobe à la fois l'analyse (compréhension) et la conception (proposition). La CAO peut-elle offrir un même niveau de richesse ou bien y a-t-il une perte de capacité pour ceux qui ne possèdent pas de compétences de dessinateur? Il convient de mener d'autres recherches le long des axes présentés dans ce numéro spécial afin de mieux comprendre les incidences et les limitations imposées par l'isolement que constitue le travail derrière un écran d'ordinateur. communication, pratiques de la conception, procédures de la conception, dessin, pratiques professionnelles, représentation visuelle, visualisation

Modelling and analysis of CAD expert behaviour in using manual input devices

In computer-aided design (CAD) systems the tablet-plus-keyboard has been the most common configuration of input devices. Their use in CAD work requires several additional subsidiary tasks of device manipulation, decision-making, perceptual matching and error correction. These tasks, imposed by the systems design, are mostly additional to the primary task of drawing. This observational study documented the nature of non-optimal behaviour in using manual input devices to perform CAD tasks by analysing behaviour protocol of designers at work recorded on video. A task analysis illustrated the variety of knowledge resources in CAD performance. The use of manual input devices resulted in substantial movement of the eyes between different parts of the system, thus reducing the time spent looking at the graphics screen for design activity; and substantial movement of the hand between input devices, thus incurring time. The imposition of subsidiary tasks is considered non-optimal since more resources were deployed to manipulate the input devices and correct errors than to perform mental operations required by the drawing task. A blackboard model of system behaviour illustrates individual differences in knowledge recruitment due to different tasks and systems used. The model, based on behaviour protocols, provides a novel approach to task analysis of CAD expert performance. Relevance to industry The use of CAD systems in manufacturing is commonplace. It is important that these systems are designed to meet CAD designers’ needs and to support their task performance. The study has implications for the use of speech input devices in CAD which complement manual input and enhance the overall productivity of CAD output.

Architecture of an integrated computer-aided design system for optoelectronics

To design and package optoelectronic (OE) systems more effectively, computer-aided design (CAD) systems are needed in the engineering environment. The use of CAD systems for designing electronic computing systems is well accepted by the electronic community. CAD systems for engineering optical design are also widely used in the optics community. However, design automation of OE engineering requires more than the existing tools for system component design. Also required is research on OE design methodology and a complete set of tools. We explore a new area that will be important to OE system design: OE system CAD. We present an integrated CAD system for free-space optical interconnected optoelectronics that leverages on existing CAD technologies. The details of the system and the guidelines for developing compatible tools are described. Case studies of two OE CAD tools developed using these guidelines are also presented.

CAD system use and engineering performance

Computer-aided design (CAD) systems can support engineering work at three levels: design, analysis, and communication. Seventy-five engineers in two gas turbine engine manufacturing companies were surveyed in an attempt to understand the relationship between these three types of CAD use and engineering performance. The results show strong links between different types of CAD use; use for design enables for for analysis, and 3-D system enables use of communication. Use of CAD communication features strongly relates to engineering performance. The results have implications for the design, implementation, management, and use of CAD systems. >

Engineers using computer‐aided design and knowledge‐based systems: Changing professional roles

AbstractThe role of engineers using computer‐aided design (CAD) systems, and the changes which have, taken place regarding work content and tasks, stress‐related health problems, and leisure time were analyzed. We compared these earlier results with initial findings from an ongoing research program studying the introduction and use of knowledge‐based systems (KBS). Changes in the organizational and psychosocial work environment were also analyzed. The obstacles and facilitating factors involved in the introduction and use of CAD systems with corresponding results from early experiences with KBS, from a Swedish perspective were discussed. We concluded that similar experiences with these technological tools confirm our overall hypothesis, that a well‐functioning psychosocial work environment is a prerequisite for the implementation of these systems.

Use of CAD systems in airport engineering

AbstractMost major airports in the United States will undergo major improvement and expansion projects to accommodate the increasing demands in the coming decade. Use of Computer Aided Design (CAD) systems allows the design engineer to produce numerous drawings quickly and accurately during the planning and design phase. In addition, use of CAD systems frees engineers to do what they do best: plan, design, construct. Actual and potential applications of CAD systems are shown. It is concluded that most of the airport planning and design projects in the United States will be done on CAD systems by the end of this decade.

Computer-Aided Design for Quality (CADQ)

This paper describes computer-aided design for quality — a new, cost-effective methodology for designing high-quality, manufacturable products using computer-aided design (CAD) systems. Traditionally, CAD systems have been used to simulate a producT's characteristics for a given set of values for the design parameters. Thus, designers could study the effects of design choices on a producT's quality before production started. Recent advances in computer hardware technology have given CAD systems increasingly complex and accurate simulation capabilities, permitting simultaneous examination of the effects of changes in many design parameters. But CADQ goes a step further. It provides powerful, statistical, model-fitting methods and optimization techniques that extend the traditional use of CAD systems. Given a set of quality-performance measures, a designer now can interactively pursue a producT's optimal design, while considering manufacturing constraints and characteristics of the customers' environment. Through a case study, we show the application of CADQ to integrated-circuit design.