Use Of Combined Preparations Research Articles

The use of potassium and magnesium supplements for cardiovascular diseases

The article substantiates the role of potassium and magnesium deficiency in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases and the effectiveness of the use of combined preparations of these electrolytes, which has been confirmed in numerous clinical studies. The combination of potassium and magnesium aspartate has proven itself best in the complex therapy of arrhythmias, coronary heart disease (in particular, post-myocardial infarction), chronic heart failure, and arterial hypertension.

A review on potential herbal treatments for ‘dandruff’ - the embarrassing scalp disorder

Dandruff is a scalp disorder that is characterized by itching, and abnormal and rapid turnover of the outermost layer of the skin of the scalp. The fungi of the genus Malassezia are responsible for causing dandruff. Several herbal remedies have been in use since ancient times for curing dandruff. The effectiveness of herbal extracts and their formulations against the fungi causing dandruff has been assessed previously. This review summarizes the findings of the studies which were focused on assessing the anti-dandruff effect of medicinal plants that are commonly available in Sri Lanka. Punica granatum, Mentha piperita, Bacopa monnieri, Asparagus racemosus, Azadirachta indica, Elaeocarpus serratus, Psidium guajava, Trigonella foenum-graecum, Cuminum cyminum, and Hibiscus spp. have been shown to be having in-vitro anti-malassezial action. However, the number of clinical trials done on assessing such effects of herbal preparations are limited, and the knowledge generated through the clinical trials hitherto shows that the use of combined preparations of plant extracts are successful in treating dandruff compared to single herb preparations.

Коррекция РН мочи – эффективный инструмент успешной метафилактики мочекаменной болезни. Фитотерапия

Urinary stone disease constitutes significant burden for healthcare system worldwide. Metaphylaxis after removal or spontaneous passage of urinary stone may be an effective measure for the prevention of recurrent stone episodes. An adjustment of urine pH, based on the type of urinary stone plays a key role in the metaphylaxis of urolithiasis. The use of combined preparations based on herbal plants, which has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial activity and diuretic effect, and also affects pH level of urine without impairment of the body microbiome, is very promising for the metaphylaxis of urinary stone disease.

1068-P: Adherence to Metformin Treatment in T2DM Subjects Is Higher Than Anticipated and Is Associated with the Use of Fixed-Dose Combinations but Not with XR Form

Metformin is considered the first-line treatment in all subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) not having a contraindication for its use. Patient compliance with metformin is not optimal; however, objective compliance data are scarce. The aim of our study was to analyse the adherence to metformin treatment by determining its plasma levels and to identify its determinants in a broad spectrum of T2DM patients. In total, 309 patients with T2DM from a single tertiary diabetes centre (mean age 66.5 ± 9.0 years, HbA1C 57.2 ± 13.1 mmol/mol, BMI 30.8 ± 4.9 kg/m2) using standard or XR (sustained release) form of metformin were included in the study. Blood sampling for metformin together with a short questionnaire were performed during a regular outpatient visit. Hydrophilic interaction chromatography and high-resolution mass spectrometry (Q Exactive Plus instrumentation) were used to quantify metformin levels. Values ​​below 100 ng/ml were deemed sub-therapeutic. Out of 309 patients, sub-therapeutic values were measured in 4.2% and zero levels in 1.9% of subjects. The use of XR form did not increase compliance (16.7 vs. 15.4 vs. 13.8% of subjects for zero vs. sub-therapeutic vs. therapeutic range, n.s.), while all subjects using combination preparation with another antidiabetic agent (11.0%) were in therapeutic range. Zero levels of metformin were associated with a trend to increased HbA1C, higher number of other antidiabetic drugs and more frequent insulin use, whereas age, BMI and diabetes duration had no effect on metformin compliance. Adherence to metformin also increased with education status while not being affected by smoking or alcohol use. In conclusion, in a tertiary diabetes centre the compliance with metformin treatment was greater than 93% and increased with the use of combination preparations, lower number of antidiabetic drugs and higher education status. The XR form was not associated with increased adherence rate. Disclosure I. Lankova: None. I. Miskova: None. S. Frankova: None. D. Kobrova: None. T. Cajka: None. J. Hricko: None. M. Paucova: None. V. Hrádková: None. Z. Vlasakova: None. T. Pelikanova: None. M. Mraz: None. M. Haluzik: Advisory Panel; Self; Lilly Diabetes, Sanofi. Consultant; Self; Ethicon US, LLC. Speaker’s Bureau; Self; AstraZeneca, Mundipharma International, Novartis AG, Novo Nordisk A/S. Funding Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine (00023001); RVOVFN64165

Use of protease inhibitory gold nanoparticles as a compatibility enhancer for Bt and deltamethrin: A novel approach for pest control

Abstract Pesticide resistance is one of the most common problems, which encourage use of variety of chemical pesticides in larger quantities. Though the use of biopesticide has been advocated as an optional and ecofriendly pest control measure, it is not yet proved to be a full proof strategy for the same. To address this issue, it is important to design a new strategy which may involve combination of chemical and biopesticide. However compatibility of chemical and biopesticide is the major hurdle. Use of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) protein as biopesticide has been proved successful approach for vector control As like chemical pesticides, resistance to Bt proteins have also been reported. Out of the different mechanisms of insect resistance to Bt toxins, expression of high gut proteases is one major mechanism s, which leads to degradation of Bt toxins. Similar mechanism was also reported for deltamethrin resistance in mosquitoes. Here combinational strategy of Bt and deltamethrin was evaluated to check its efficacy for pest control. Although the combination was found to be effective, the compatibility experiments showed degradation of deltamethrin by Bt proteases. Hence to stabilize this complex the novel strategy was employed which involve use of combined preparations of Bt + gold nano particles (GNP) + deltamethrin mixture.

Hemorrhagic choroidal detachment after use of anti-glaucomatous eye drops: case report

Eighty-two-year-old patient with a pacemaker using warfarin due to arrhythmia and having an intraocular lens in the right eye, developed spontaneous hemorrhagic choroidal detachment one day after the use of combined preparation of 0.5% timolol maleate and 0.004% travoprost, due to primary open-angle glaucoma. Hemorrhagic detachment was detected by anterior and posterior segment examination, as well as B-scan ultrasonography. After the detachment, excessive increased intraocular pressure was controlled with oral carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, cycloplegic and steroid therapy. After four months, visual acuity was 20/20 and the intraocular pressure was under control with 0.5% timolol maleate and 1% brinzolamide. Controlled reduction of the intraocular pressure should be considered, particularly in older patients under anticoagulant therapy and that had undergone prior ocular surgery.

Diabetic glaucoma: clinical and treatment features

The purpose of the given work became an estimation of efficiency of drainage surgery and combined preparations at treatment secondary newvascular the complicated diabetic glaucoma at patients with a diabetes militus (DM). Material and methods. Results of 46 operations and 34 cases of conservative therapy by the combined preparations at patients with a diabetic glaucoma and a DM have been investigated. Results. At all patients in the postoperative period the painful syndrome has been stoped and proof reduction in intraocular pressure is received. In the early postoperative period there were following complications: gifema, cataract, reduction of depth of the forward chamber of an eye because of swelling a crystalline lens and detachment a vascular environment. In the late postoperative period “exposure” of a drainage tube, a vascular cataract and dystrophy of cornea were observed “capture” iris. More than in half of cases high preoperative intraocular pressure it was possible to compensate at use of combined preparation Коsopt (MSD, USA). Conclusions. The diabetic glaucoma objectively exists also drainage surgery there should be “the gold standard” treatments of this pathology and its complications at patients with a DM. Combined preparation Коsopt (MSD, USA) has shown high efficiency in reduction in intraocular pressure at patients with a diabetic glaucoma and their preparations for scheduled surgical intervention.

When Should Vaccination Be Contraindicated in Children?

No child should be denied immunisation without serious consideration given to the consequences. In the past, many contraindications to vaccination were based on theoretical concerns. These concerns often assumed an immunoallergic mechanism for adverse reactions, whereas many such events are often due to other causes. Other contraindications were based on evidence of excess risk, but this risk was not always balanced against the higher risk of disease. Therefore, contraindications often varied between countries and over time. In recent years, the widespread availability of less reactogenic vaccines and the common use of combined preparations have prompted a review of contraindications in many countries. Accumulated experience worldwide has allowed the list of conditions that contraindicate vaccination to be reduced. The international consensus now is that there are very few situations in which a child should not be immunised and the only true contraindication applicable to all vaccines is a history of anaphylaxis to a vaccine component or following a previous dose of the vaccine. Health professionals should feel confident in accepting national recommendations and, if in doubt, should refer children for an expert opinion, rather than deny a child protection against a serious infection.

Scottish Confidential Inquiry into Asthma Deaths (SCIAD), 1994–6

BACKGROUNDThere have been important changes in the organisation of care for patients with asthma since asthma deaths were studied in the 1980s by the British Thoracic Association (BTA), with greater...

Long-term Hormone Replacement Therapy and Risk of Breast Cancer in Postmenopausal Women

Despite extensive study, concerns remain about a possible association between long-term postmenopausal hormone treatment--particularly use of combination preparations--and risk of breast cancer. The authors evaluated the use of postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy in relation to breast cancer risk in a large multicenter, population-based case-control study. Women with a new diagnosis of breast cancer were identified through statewide tumor registries in Wisconsin, Massachusetts, Maine, and New Hampshire. Controls were randomly selected from population lists in each state. For this analysis of postmenopausal women, data were available from 3,130 breast cancer cases and 3,698 controls interviewed between 1989 and 1991. Replacement hormone use was not associated with breast cancer risk in women who had ever undergone this treatment (relative risk (RR) = 1.05, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.93-1.18). Among women who had used replacement hormones for 15 years or more, there was no clear increase in risk, although the small sample size did not preclude the possibility of a modest association (RR = 1.11, 95% CI 0.87-1.43). Risk among women using progestins in combination with estrogens was similar to that in women using estrogens alone. Risk did not vary according to type of menopause, family history of breast cancer, history of benign breast disease, or alcohol intake. These results are consistent with the majority of reports which find no overall increased risk associated with the use of replacement hormones. However, in contrast to several other studies, this study did not find long-term use to be associated with increased risk. These results also do not support a hypothesized effect of combined progestin and estrogen use on the risk of breast cancer.

Scottish Confidential Inquiry into Asthma Deaths

Background—There have been important changes in the organisation of care for patients with asthma since asthma deaths were studied in the 1980s by the British Thoracic Association (BTA), with greater emphasis on long term control of symptoms and the use of preventive therapy. Recent trends in routine statistics show a decline in population death rates. Methods—A confidential review was undertaken of general practice and hospital records and interviews with general practitioners of patients dying in mainland Scotland between January 1994 and December 1996 with a principal diagnosis of asthma recorded by the Registrar General’s OYce. Panel assessment of the cause of death was carried out and a number of possible adverse factors were identified. The data from the 15–64 year age group were compared with similar data from the earlier study by the BTA. Results—Over the three year period 95 deaths of 235 studied (40%) were confirmed as being due to asthma. Taking account of diVerent methods of case ascertainment used in the BTA and this study, a fall in the calculated rate of “deaths assessed as due to asthma” was found from 2.51 (95% CI 2.34 to 2.68) per 100 000 population in 1979 to 1.26 (95% CI 1.19 to 1.33) per 100 000 population in 1994–6. Fewer individual adverse factors were identified in clinical management, with appropriate routine management in 59% and management of the final attack satisfactory in 71%. Patient factors such as poor compliance, lack of peak expiratory flow (PEF) measurements, and overuse of reliever medication without inhaled corticosteroids, and psychosocial problems, notably depression, were confirmed as important contributing factors. Four of five patients under 16 years of age who died were found to have problems with routine management. Conclusions—This population based study documents important improvements in the standard of asthma care as well as a significant decline in the rate of deaths due to asthma over a period during which the organisation of care has changed and the chronic nature of the disease has been acknowledged. Strategies which might have a further impact include the greater use of PEF recordings, particularly during acute attacks, to document recovery, prescription monitoring of the underuse of inhaled corticosteroids, consideration of the use of combined preparations where persistent overuse of bronchodilators is occurring, and increased input for young patients whose routine management is proving diYcult. (Thorax 1999;54:978–984)

Adverse reactions to non-steroidal antirheumatic drugs.

SummaryThe method of collection, processing and evaluation of adverse reaction reports received by the U.K. Committee on Safety of Medicines is outlined.By utilising adverse reaction profiles, the major reactions associated with established and more recently introduced antirheumatic drugs are enumerated, compared and specific problems discussed. The profiles show that both phenylbutazone and oxyphenbutazone are predominantly associated with blood dyscrasias while indomethacin is predominantly associated with gastro-intestinal haemorrhage and minor reactions affecting the central nervous system. Aspirin shows a similar profile to indomethacin but in addition, a renal component due to papillary necrosis associated with the use of combined preparations containing phenacetin. The use of gold salts and D-penicillamine is also predominantly associated with blood dyscrasias. Some specific problems related to the use of ibufenac and alclofenac are discussed, and also the current profiles of ibuprofen, naproxen and ketoprofen.Some of these profiles of human drug toxicity are considered in relation to the information which can be derived from animal toxicity studies.