Use Of Chlorella Research Articles

Production of Biomass and Lipid Yields of Chlorella sp. Cultivated in Autotrophic and Mixotrophic Media

In this work, we analyze the biomass and lipid yields of Chlorella sp., when it grows in synthetic wastewater with and without nitrogen limitation and in both cases, adding glucose to both medium, autotrophic and mixotrophic. Our results confirm that it is possible to expand their possibilities of use, which range from their use for the bioremediation of bodies of water to obtaining various biofuels due to their high content of lipids and carbohydrates. It was identified that both the biomass and lipids were higher in the media with mixotrophy with 535.71 mg L-1 and 244.60 mg L-1, respectively. Similarly, the importance of nitrogen present in the growth medium was recognized as a determining variable for the accumulation of lipids in the species, while it is concluded that the use of Chlorella sp. eliminates a significant percentage of nitrogen and phosphorus present in wastewater, thereby reducing nutrient contamination. The nutrient stress to which the microalgae were subjected allowed a greater accumulation of lipids in the cells, which leads to the conclusion that in a large-scale study, Chlorella sp. It could be used as a raw material to obtain oils and their subsequent transformation into biodiesel.

Development of recipescooked sausage products enriched with chlorella

The meat industry is constantly undergoing transformations and moves in accordance with global trends and basic consumer requests.Accordingly, there is a problem of increasing the nutritional and biological value of common food products, in particular cooked sausages. Development of health facilitiesof meat products enriched with plant components is the main goal that arose during the performance of this work. Improvement of the recipe of cooked sausage products due to the use of available chlorella seaweedvaluablea source of antioxidants, dietary fiber, essential amino acids, vitamins, polyunsaturated fatty acids and minerals is a promising solution. The difference between the developed minced meat recipe and the control is the use of chlorella, the replacement of lard, which is traditionally used in similar recipes, with linseed and olive oils, and the complete replacement of sodium nitrite with ascorbic acid. Comparative studies were performed using three different formulations containing 1% chlorella hydrated with water and milk whey in a ratio of 1:5 for 20 minutes at a temperature of 40º C. During the work, organoleptic (appearance, color, texture, taste and smell) and physical and chemical research methods (moisture, fat, protein, salt content). It was shown that the experimental samples of minced meat contained protein in amounts of 13.51% for sample 3; 12.77% for sample 2 and 12.36% for sample 1. The moisture content of the experimental samples exceeds the control by 2.86% for sample 3, by 1.86% for sample 2, and by 0.69% for sample 1. According to the mass fraction of fat, all samples are within the normal range and amount to less than 30%, which correspondsthe national standard for this type of product. Modification of the recipe using chlorella, linseed and olive oil differs from the control sample, which is reflected in the results of the organoleptic evaluation. According to the results of comprehensive studies, experimental formulation sample 3 can be recommended for implementation.

Chlorella vulgaris improves growth of Abrometiella scapigera, Abrometiella brevifolia and Abrometiella chloranta and reduces root attack by nematodes

Research objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of Chlorella extract as a biofertiliser on the growth of Abrometiella spp. seedlings and to assess whether it has a repellent effect against nematodes Materials and Methods: The experiments, which began in November 2024, were conducted in the CREA-OF greenhouses in Pescia (PT), Tuscany, Italy (43°54′N 10°41′E) on Abrometiella scapigera, Abrometiella brevifolia and Abrometiella chloranta. The plants were placed in ø12 cm pots; 30 plants per thesis, divided into 3 replicates of 10 plants each. The experimental groups were: i) group without algae, irrigated with water and previously fertilised substrate; ii) group with Chlorella vulgaris, previously fertilised substrate. On 2 April 2024, plant height, leaves number, vegetative weight, root weight, root lenght, number of new plantlets, chlorophyll content, leaf area, control of the nematodes Meloidogyne javanica and Meloidogyne incognita were measured. Results and Discussion: The experiment showed that the use of Chlorella vulgaris extracts can improve the vegetative and root growth of Abrometiella scapigera, Abrometiella brevifolia and Abrometiella chloranta plants grown in pots. The treatment also led to an increase in plant height, number of leaves, length of root hairs, leaf area and number of new seedlings. The trial also showed that the use of Chlorella in plant growing media can also increase the photosynthesis rate (SPAD index) and significantly reduce the presence of nematodes, in particular Meloidogyne javanica and Meloidogyne incognita. According to some researchers, the influence of Chlorella extract on cell metabolisms is mainly due to the physiological effect of major and minor nutrients, amino acids, vitamins, and plant growth regulators on cellular metabolisms in treated plants, which increase crop yields and growth. Chlorella plants have very high photosynthesis rates, dozens of times higher than other plants. The main reason why Chlorella can grow rapidly is because it contains Chlorella Growth Factor (CGF), which is quite rich in nucleoproteins, nucleic acids, ribonucleic acids (RNA), deoxyribonucleic acids (DNA), vitamins, amino acids, polysaccharides, complex protein bodies, enzymes, glycoproteins, plant hormones, etc. Its ability to promote plant growth may be due to this factor. Conclusions: Chlorella extract significantly increased Abrometiella seedling height, leaf number and leaf area. In particular, Abrometiella seedlings treated with chlorella extract developed better root system, chlorophyll a increased significantly and the root length and number of new seedlings also improved significantly. Based on the above results that Chlorella extracts contribute to the growth and development of Abrometiella plants, we can conclude that with the treatment of Chlorella extracts, the application of chemical fertilisers in the production of succulents such as Abrometiella can be reduced.

Сравнительный анализ эффективности пребиотических добавок в рационах кроликов на откорме

Purpose. Comparative study of the effect of prebiotic feed additives "Chlorelact" and "Lactuvet-1" on indicators of natural resistance and microflora of rabbit intestines. Materials and Methods. Scientific and practical experience was conducted on male rabbits of a hybrid breed using new lactulose-containing feed additives in the diet. The research was carried out using standardized methods in accredited laboratories. The reliability of the results is confirmed by their processing by statistical methods. Results. Diets supplemented with various levels of feed additives had a significant impact on some of the studied signs, especially immune responses, as well as antioxidant and hematobiochemical parameters. Thus, when comparing the level of bactericidal activity of blood serum (ALS) the superiority of animals of the experimental groups was revealed: I – by 3.0% (P≤0.001), II – by 2.07% (P≤0.01), over control rabbits. The results of determining the number of microorganisms in the blind processes of the intestines of animals showed that the number of microorganisms is the largest in the II experimental group that consumed the Chlorelact supplement, and prevails over their content in the blind processes of their peers. At the same time, in rabbits that consumed the studied additives, the superiority of the content of normal microflora over pathogenic relative to control was noted. Conclusion. According to the results of the conducted studies, the hypothesis has been experimentally confirmed that the use of chlorella as a natural feed additive in the diets of rabbits can improve their health, and, as a result, will allow in the future to abandon the use of antibiotics or growth-stimulating drugs during the fattening period.

Bioactivity of Macronutrients from Chlorella in Physical Exercise

Chlorella is a marine microalga rich in proteins and containing all the essential amino acids. Chlorella also contains fiber and other polysaccharides, as well as polyunsaturated fatty acids such as linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid. The proportion of the different macronutrients in Chlorella can be modulated by altering the conditions in which it is cultured. The bioactivities of these macronutrients make Chlorella a good candidate food to include in regular diets or as the basis of dietary supplements in exercise-related nutrition both for recreational exercisers and professional athletes. This paper reviews current knowledge of the effects of the macronutrients in Chlorella on physical exercise, specifically their impact on performance and recovery. In general, consuming Chlorella improves both anaerobic and aerobic exercise performance as well as physical stamina and reduces fatigue. These effects seem to be related to the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and metabolic activity of all its macronutrients, while each component of Chlorella contributes its bioactivity via a specific action. Chlorella is an excellent dietary source of high-quality protein in the context of physical exercise, as dietary proteins increase satiety, activation of the anabolic mTOR (mammalian Target of Rapamycin) pathway in skeletal muscle, and the thermic effects of meals. Chlorella proteins also increase intramuscular free amino acid levels and enhance the ability of the muscles to utilize them during exercise. Fiber from Chlorella increases the diversity of the gut microbiota, which helps control body weight and maintain intestinal barrier integrity, and the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which improve physical performance. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) from Chlorella contribute to endothelial protection and modulate the fluidity and rigidity of cell membranes, which may improve performance. Ultimately, in contrast to several other nutritional sources, the use of Chlorella to provide high-quality protein, dietary fiber, and bioactive fatty acids may also significantly contribute to a sustainable world through the fixation of carbon dioxide and a reduction of the amount of land used to produce animal feed.

Prospects for the use of cultivated algae chlorella in the purification and disinfection of wastewater, hydraulic, solar photobioreactors

The article discusses the potential use of Chlorella microalgae in wastewater treatment plants, at the stage of disinfection and post-treatment of wastewater to the level corresponding to the sanitary standards of the Russian Federation. The analysis of statistical data related to the use of Chlorella vulgaris suspension as a microbiological and chemical element of biological wastewater treatment before its discharge into the water body is carried out. Studied promising areas of building energy saving technological complexes, including hydraulic (flow), solar photobioreactors, able to decontaminate waste water and to cultivate used in the disinfection and legalisatie water features, strains of Chlorella. The economic efficiency of technological complexes using Chlorella vulgaris strain (IGF № C-111 or BIN) at the stage of post-treatment and disinfection of wastewater is determined.

Cultıvatıon of protococcales on wastewater

Many farms in Uzbekistan, Ukraine, Kazakhstan and other republics arrange the production cultivation of chlorella and other microalgae in special installations and the use of suspensions as a protein-vitamin additive in the ration of farm animals. The use of chlorella and other microalgae in the fattening of cattle, pigs and poultry allows for additional weight gain, the elimination of avitaminosis diseases and improvement of product quality.

ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ ХЛОРЕЛЛЫ ПРИ ВЫРАЩИВАНИИ КУЛЬТУРНЫХ РАСТЕНИЙ

ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ ХЛОРЕЛЛЫ ПРИ ВЫРАЩИВАНИИ КУЛЬТУРНЫХ РАСТЕНИЙ

Investigation of the chemical composition and physicochemical properties of Chlorella vulgaris biomass treated with pulsed discharges technology for potential use in the food industry

The use of chlorella as a dietary supplement has great prospects. Nevertheless, the processing of chlorella is associated with certain difficulties that limit its use on an industrial scale. Problems with the processing are primarily related to the thick and strong cell wall of chlorella (50-100 nm), which is poorly digested by most vertebrate species due to its complex multilayer structure. Our experiments have shown that discharge pulse treatment contributes to the destruction of the strong cell wall of chlorella. The results of atomic force microscopy and the determination of the antioxidant activity of the suspension confirm this. A study of the chemical composition of dried chlorella biomass showed a content of 56.8% protein and 12.6% fat, which causes a high nutritional value of chlorella. The study of the physicochemical properties of the prepared chlorella preparation showed pronounced hydrophilicity of proteins. Observation of gels with different contents of chlorella preparation, formed during heating and subsequent cooling and stored for seven days at +8 °C, showed that the gels do not emit a synergistic liquid. Total gels based on the chlorella preparation are characterized by high stability. Based on the results obtained, we concluded that the preparation based on disintegrated chlorella has a high potential for functional and technological application in food technologies

Modern trend – health products with microalgae

The article presents the results of research on minced nutria, rabbit, chicken meat with the addition of chlorella microalgae and lentil flour to enrich the product with essential substances and expand the range of health products. The use of microalgae in food is quite effective because they are an alternative source of micro- and macronutrients that are essential for human health. The research of the influence of vegetable raw materials on the quality indicators of meat loaves with the use of dietary meat was conducted. It is proposed to use chlorella additive “Vegan Prod” (powder), in the amount of 3 % of minced meat weight as part of the recipe of meat loaves. According to the results of organoleptic evaluation, the addition of 3 and 2 % lentil flour to the minced microalgae of chlorella “Vegan Prod” per 100 kg of raw materials creates the preconditions for improving the functional and technological properties of finished products. According to the results of studies of meat breads before and after baking the mineral composition of trace elements K, Mg, P, their content was doubled after heat treatment, which is explained by the addition of “Vegan Prod” chlorella and lentil flour to the recipe, increasing them as a result of decreasing moisture content in the finished product. However the use of chlorella “Vegan Prod”, although it affects the color change of the product, but does not worsen the overall score on organoleptic parameters. The use of dietary meat of nutria, rabbit and poultry in the recipe of meat loaves affects the stabilization of the structure, organoleptic properties and increases the yield of the finished product.

Enhanced Tetracycline Removal from Highly Concentrated Aqueous Media by Lipid-Free Chlorella sp. Biomass.

Microalgae are used as a lipid source for different applications, such as cosmetics and biofuel. The nonliving biomass and the byproduct from the lipid extraction procedure can efficiently remove antibiotics. This work has explored the potential use of Chlorella sp. biomasses for tetracycline (Tc) removal from highly concentrated aqueous media. Non-living biomass (NLB) is the biomass before the lipid extraction procedure, while lipid-extracted biomass (LEB) is the byproduct mentioned before. LEB removed 76.9% of Tc at 40 mg/L initial concentration and 40 mg of biomass, representing an adsorption capacity of 19.2 mg/g. Subsequently, NLB removed 68.0% of Tc at 50 mg/L and 60 mg of biomass, equivalent to 14.2 mg/g of adsorptive capacity. These results revealed an enhanced removal capacity by LEB compared with NLB and other microalgae-based materials. On the other hand, the adsorption kinetics followed the pseudo-second-order and Elovich models, suggesting chemisorption with interactions between adsorbates. The adsorption isotherms indicate a multilayer mechanism on a heterogeneous surface. Additionally, the interactions between the surface and the first layer of tetracycline are weak, and the formation of the subsequent layers is favored. The Chlorella sp. biomass after the lipid extraction process is a promising material for removing tetracycline; moreover, the use of this residue contributes to the zero-waste strategy.

Polydopamine-Based Surface Modification of Chlorella Microspheres for Multiple Environmental Applications.

Towards addressing water pollution issues, the development of multifunctional chlorella with applications ranging from sensing pollutants to heavy metal and oil removal is described. The use of chlorella cells, which are widely abundant natural structures, leads to simple and low-cost mass production of effective functional materials. Bioinspired surface modification approaches mediated by polydopamine can endow chlorella with enhanced adsorption capacity for heavy metals, as well as superhydrophobic, fluorescence and magnetic properties according to the desired application. The resulting chlorella exhibits excellent heavy metal and oil removal ability, while magnetic propulsion and guidance allow directional motion over long distances for implementation in situ removal. Moreover, it is further demonstrated that chlorella can be used as a biosensor to detect metal ions by taking advantage of the fluorescence properties of carbon dots. Such use of chlorella provides a new way for the large-scale production of functional materials to tackle water pollution.

New natural feed additives: efficiency in pork production

This article presents the results of research on the technology of using microalgae and various prebiotics in the production of pork. The use of chlorella, LactuVet feed additive and their complex in the composition of granular compound feeds has a beneficial effect on the body of growing young pigs.

CHLORELLA SUSPENSION AND ITS USAGE IN FINISHING PIGS’ RATIONS

The animal husbandry cannot develop successfully without complete balanced feed and optimal forage supply. This article deals with the chemical composition of chlorella suspension. The ration is balanced with seaweeds as well as premixes, vitamins and bio supplement for the last decades. These seaweeds include chlorella - a representative of green microscopic algae. The use of chlorella allows for multi-factor balancing of the diet in accordance with modern feeding standards, which increases the productive effect of feed and significantly increases the transformation of nutrients into livestock products. This is arelevant issue of modern animal husbandry. The chlorella suspension was material for scientific research. It was made on the farm “In Samvel”, Ovidiopol District. According to the result of researches that took place on the farm " In Samvel", Biliayevka District, Odessa Oblast and SERF "Yuzhnyi" OSAGES NAAS, new data concerning chemical composition, the positive influence of investigated chlorella suspension on the growth and development of finishing pigs as well as feed costs by 1 kg of growth were obtained. It has been established that the chemical composition of chlorella suspension takes a special place among all feed additives used in farm animals feeding. It has been established that the additional use of chlorella suspension in the ration of finishing pigs of Large White breeds contribute to the increase of average daily gains by 121.9% against the control group in which chlorella suspensions was not given. Feed conversion to obtain1 kg of pigs live weight gain in the control group was 5.1 kg, in the experimental group - 4.2 kg and feed conversion index in the experimental group was higher by 21.4%. Thus the results of researches indicate the positive effect of investigated chlorella suspension on the growth anddevelopment of finishing pigs. Due to the obtained results, we can state that the chemical composition of the suspension chlorella takes a special place among all feed additives used in farm animals feeding. Chlorella has higher indicators of chemical composition, the amount of protein, vitamins and minerals in comparison with plant fodder and crops of agricultural production.

Дослідження репродуктивних функцій свиноматок при згодовуванні хлорели

The introduction of intensive development of industrial pig production, above all, depends on the full feeding of animals, which, in turn, depends on the qualitative composition of feed. In addition to the main nutrients that perform the functions of plastic and energy material, in feed rations of animals requires the presence of a wide range of compounds with high biological activity - vitamins, macro-and trace elements, enzymes and many others, contained in  chlorella. Therefore the purpose of this work was to investigate the effect of chlorella as an additional source of vitamins and biologically active substances on reproductive functions and productivity of sows. The objects of the study were sows of Landras breeds at the age of 2 years and chlorella in the form of a suspension and in the form of granular mixed fodder. For research 30 sows were selected, which were placed in 3 sections with 10 heads in each of them. The standardization of feeding of sows was based on the concentration of energy and nutrients in 1 kg of full-fodder feed. To ensure full feeding of sows, the content of exchange energy and biologically active substances in the composition of feed was calculated. Sow feeding was carried out with full-feed compound twice a day in accordance with the adopted feeding scheme: 1 group (control) received a complete diet; ІІ group (experimental) - full-fodder feed with free access to drinking suspension Chlorella; group III (experimental) - granulated mixed fodder with spray suspension of chlorella. The results of current research showed the following indicators: live weight of piglets increased, on average, by 35 %, milkability increased by 24 %, and the survival of piglets was 90 % in that groups whose diet included chlorella. Also, the feeding of piglets with a suspension of chlorella contributed to a decrease in the incidence of diarrhea. The weight of one pig in experimental groups was on average 6,8 % higher than in the control group of pigs, whose diet consisted only of feed. The practical and scientific work of many researchers has shown that the use of chlorella as an additional source of valuable substances in feeding farm animals reduces the cost of their maintenance, including the cost of feed. Economic efficiency of our research has shown that the use of chlorella in sows' diets as in the composition of the feeds and suspension does not affect the formation of prime costs per 1 head. And due to an increase in live weight gain, high preservation of young animals in experimental groups, net profit of 5509 and 5831 UAH was received. Thus, the mechanism of action of chlorella suspension is determined by its effect on all systems and functions of the animal organism. Chlorella suspension is a natural probiotic, as the quality of feed increases, it does not contain fodder toxins, which affects the increase in live weight of farm animals.

The use of chlorella in goose breeding

Currently, the livestock industry around the world is not provided with the necessary amount of feed rich in proteins and biologically active substances (BAS) of natural origin. These can be provided with alternative sources like microalgae with chlorella holding a special place due to its unique chemical composition. This paper introduces the research results on the effect of chlorella suspension on the productive and reproductive qualities of geese of various technological groups. It reveals the optimal doses to be included in the poultry diet. Thus, application of chlorella suspension in the feed rations of geese has increased their safety, live weight, egg production and hatching, improved quality indicators of goose semen production, incubation results, yield of commercial replacement birds, indicators of natural resistance, as well as the digestibility of nutrients at lower feed costs per unit of production and higher goose meat quality.

Phycoremediation resultant lipid production and antioxidant changes in green microalgae Chlorella Sp.

ABSTRACTIn this investigation, we report on the treatment of tannery wastewater using microalgae Chlorella species to produce lipid and fatty acid as well as changes in antioxidant metabolism during the treatment. The variation in growth, production of pigments, antioxidant metabolism, lipid and fatty acids, and nutrient removal from wastewater during the remediation were observed. Surprisingly, a profuse growth was found in 50% diluted tannery wastewater (TW), which supported to accumulate high yield of lipid (18.5%) and unsaturated fatty acids (50.05%). The antioxidant activity of microalgae in both the concentrations (50% and 100% TW) were viz., lipid peroxidation 1.6 ± 0.1 and 2.3 ± 0.02nmol MDA mg−1 protein, SOD 10.3 ± 0.4 and 15.7 ± 0.9 U mg−1 protein, CAT 0.17 ± 0.036 and 0.52 ± 0.06 U mg−1 protein, and APX 7.2 ± 0.8 and 11.2 ± 09 U mg−1 protein respectively, which point out that the free radical scavenging mechanism against heavy metal stress. Maximum phycoremediation of heavy metals observed from both concentrations during the healthy growth period were Cr – 73.1, 45.7%, Cu – 90.4, 78.1%, Pb – 92.1, 52.2%, and Zn – 81.2, 44.6%, respectively. This study proved the potential use of Chlorella for heavy metal and nutrient removal from tannery wastewater. Moreover, an unaffected growth with high antioxidant activity of this species promises a sustainable lipid and fatty acid contents for biofuel production.

Digestibility and pricing of Chlorella sorokiniana meal for use in tilapia feeds

Several microalgae contain in excess of 50 % crude protein with amino acid profile comparable to that of fish meal. In addition, high polyunsaturated fatty acid contents encourage their use in animal feeding and nutrition, particularly in the formulation and processing of aquafeeds. This study aims at estimating the feasibility of Chlorella meal as feed ingredient for the feeding and nutrition of farmed tilapia based upon digestibility data. Juvenile tilapia were stocked in conical-bottomed tanks (200 L) with superficial, continuous water flow, and fed to apparent satiation in three daily meals with a reference diet and a test diet containing 30 % lyophilized Chlorella sorokiniana added of an inert marker. Feces were collected overnight by sedimentation in refrigerated, plastic containers coupled to the tanks and analyzed for determination of chemical composition and inert marker contents to estimate apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of protein and energy of Chlorella meal; registered ADCs of Chlorella meal were 90.5 and 84.22, respectively. A pricing model considering the quantity of digestible nutrient was proposed based on ADCs of Chlorella and compared with the price of fishmeal (FM) and soybean meal (SBM). The indicative prices to elicit the use of Chlorella as a protein source rather than FM or SBM for the feed and nutrition of tilapia were 2.65 USD kg−1 and 0.66 USD kg−1, respectively.

Use of Chlorella sp. for coating ‘tommy atkins’ mango fruits stored under refrigeration

The number of studies on edible coatings that are used for extending the shelf life of fruits has steadily increased. For this purpose, it is necessary to choose raw materials with characteristics that maintain product quality. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of coatings of Chlorella sp. on the post-harvest conservation of ‘Tommy Atkins’ mango fruits. The experiment was conducted using a completely randomized design, and spray treatments (T) with 0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, or 4% of Chlorella sp. were applied to the fruits. After the treatments, the fruits were stored for 28 days (21 days at 10 °C and 42% relative humidity and 7 days at 25 °C and 42% relative humidity), and were analyzed on day 28. There was higher pulp firmness in fruits as the concentration of Chlorella sp. was increased, and the concentration of ascorbic acid was comparatively higher (22.17%) in fruits treated with 3% Chlorella sp. The percentage of soluble solids and the soluble solids/titratable acidity ratio were decreased as the coating concentrations were decreased. The use of Chlorella sp. at 1% and 2% allowed fruit maturation without compromising fruit quality attributes during the 28-day storage period.

The determination of the leaching ratios of microdiets containing algae used as direct and indirect in aquaculture

ABSTRACTThe purpose of the study was to determine the biochemical compositions and the leaching ratios according to different times (1 minute, 3 minutes, 5 minutes and 15 minutes) of microdiets containing Spirulina sp., Chlorella sp. and Sargassum sp. in different sizes (100–200 μm, 200–300 μm, 300–500 μm and 500–800 μm). The lowest and highest ash, lipid and protein values of algae tested were 3.29 ± 0.031% (Chlorella sp.)–27.94 ± 0.023% (Sargassum sp.), 0.91 ± 0.024% (Sargassum sp.)–8.91 ± 0.04% (Spirulina sp.) and 20.69 ± 0.07% (Sargassum sp.)–56.98 ± 0.216% (Chlorella sp.), respectively. The 2532 Da≥ leaching ratio of Chlorella sp. was lower than those of Sargassum sp. and Spirulina sp. (p < .05). The highest and lowest values for microdiets containing Spirulina sp. and Sargassum sp. were 2532 Da≥ and 2532–13,000 Da, respectively. However, the highest and lowest values for microdiets containing Chlorella sp. were 13,700–67,000 Da and 67,000 Da≤, respectively. In conclusion, the alginate method showed good performance because the biochemical compositions of microdiets produced reflected the ash, lipid and protein levels of algae tested. Results cautioned that the use of Spirulina sp. and Sargassum sp. in microdiets may yield the high leaching ratios containing 2532 Da≥ molecular weight. However, the use of Chlorella sp. results in the high leaching ratios containing 13,700–67,000 Da molecular weight.