Use Of Castor Oil Research Articles

Assessment of growth, metal uptake efficiency and yield traits of castor bean genotypes for phytoremediation of lead contaminated soils of Chakera-Faisalabad having history of long term irrigation with waste water

The agricultural soil of Chakera village, Faisalabad, Pakistan is under significant threat due to irrigation with wastewater containing Pb. Castor bean (Ricinus communis L.), a non-edible oil seed crop showed considerable capacity for phytoremediation of heavy metals. Restoration of Pb contaminated soil of Chakera using castor bean until physiological maturity could be an effective approach for mitigating hazardous impacts of Pb contamination in the soil. Hence, the present study aimed to evaluate the growth, biochemical traits, phytoremediation potential, and yield attributes of two castor bean genotypes (NIAB-2020 and DS-30) under the conditions of two different soil-filled pots; uncontaminated soil of NIAB (0 mg Pb kg−1) and contaminated soil of Chakera (250 mg Pb kg−1). Results have shown that plant agronomic, biochemical and seed compositional analysis have revealed a faint drop on Chakera soil. Metal accumulation response resulted in highest shoot Pb uptake in DS-30 compared to NIAB-2020. Conversely, maximum Pb uptake in roots of NIAB-2020 (4470 µg plant−1) was recorded when compared with DS-30 (3576 µg plant−1). Highest translocation factor (TF) was calculated for DS-30, whereas, for the metal tolerance index (MTI), both genotypes exhibited non-significant difference. Interestingly, concentration of Pb in seeds remained undetected for both genotypes. The study indicates that NIAB-2020 exhibited slightly higher tolerance than DS-30, potentially leading to economic gains through widespread use of castor oil across industries, positioning castor bean as a promising candidate for rehabilitation of contaminated soils. Nevertheless, additional in-situ investigations are necessary to validate the findings of current pot study.

Performance of castor oil polyurethane resin in composite with the piassava fibers residue from the Amazon

The use of castor oil in producing polyurethane resins has been identified as one of the most promising options for the industry. The piassava fibers waste generated by the industry on a large scale presents excellent properties as a reinforcing agent due to its high lignin content characterized by chemical tests and FTIR. Composite boards consisting of a higher content of mercerized piassava fibers (10 mm, 85 wt.%) reinforced polyurethane castor oil-based resin (prepolymer (PP) and polyol (OM)) exhibited excellent performance. Composites with these properties have strong potential for medium-density applications ranging from biomedical prosthetics to civil partition walls and insulation linings. Alkali treatment removed the superficial impurities of piassava fibers, activating polar groups, and physical characterization reported excellent performance for all composites. Among the composites, the CP3 sample (composite reinforced with piassava fibers (85 wt.% fibers; 1.2:1—PP:OM)) stood out with higher density and lower swelling and water absorption percentage than other composites. FTIR results indicated NCO traces after the resin cured in the PU3 (1.2:1—PP:OM), possibly contributing to the interaction with the fibers. DMA results reported relevant information about more flexibility to CP1 (composite reinforced with piassava fibers (85 wt.% fibers; 0.8:1—PP:OM)) and CP3 than CP2 (composite reinforced with piassava fibers (85 wt.% fibers; 1:1—PP:OM)). The results suggest that the proper combination with natural products must lead to composites with potential applications as engineering materials.

Environmentally Friendly Strategies for Formulating Vegetable Oil-Based Nanoparticles for Anticancer Medicine.

The development of green synthesized polymeric nanoparticles with anticancer studies has been an emerging field in academia and the pharmaceutical and chemical industries. Vegetable oils are potential substitutes for petroleum derivatives, as they present a clean and environmentally friendly alternative and are available in abundance at relatively low prices. Biomass-derived chemicals can be converted into monomers with a unique structure, generating materials with new properties for the synthesis of sustainable monomers and polymers. The production of bio-based polymeric nanoparticles is a promising application of green chemistry for biomedical uses. There is an increasing demand for biocompatible and biodegradable materials for specific applications in the biomedical area, such as cancer therapy. This is encouraging scientists to work on research toward designing polymers with enhanced properties and clean processes, containing oncology active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). The nanoencapsulation of these APIs in bio-based polymeric nanoparticles can control the release of the substances, increase bioavailability, reduce problems of volatility and degradation, reduce side effects, and increase treatment efficiency. This review discusses the use of green chemistry for bio-based nanoparticle production and its application in anticancer medicine. The use of castor oil for the production of renewable monomers and polymers is proposed as an ideal candidate for such applications, as well as more suitable methods for the production of bio-based nanoparticles and some oncology APIs available for anticancer application.

Phytochemical, Pharmacognostic, and Pharmacological Aspects of Ricinus Communis Seed Oil: An Overview

Background: Castor oil is a multipurpose vegetable oil extracted from the seeds of the Ricinus communis from the family Euphorbiaceae. The castor oil contains a mixture of esters of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids such as ricinoleic, palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acid linked to glycerol. The unique structure of major constituents of castor oil offers several functionalization possibilities for transforming it into advanced functional material. Although castor oil is considered nonedible, after purification, it is widely used for medicinal and cosmetic purposes. Objective: The objective of this paper is to review and compile the research work on castor oil, its chemical composition, and different methods of extraction with their significance, and the use of castor oil and its derivatives in healthcare, agriculture, and industrial applications. Methods: The literature related to castor oil and its applications was collected through different websites, academic research portals, and databases, sorted and presented in this review. Results: Castor oil has been investigated for several medicinal applications including, antiulcer, antimicrobial, bone degeneration, wound healing, and immune-booster, etc. Recently, castor oil and its derivatives have been explored as lubricants, bioadhesives, polishing agents, insecticides, fertilizers, biodiesel production, and vehicles for various drug delivery systems. This review summarizes the chemical composition of castor oil, various methods for its extraction and purification, castor oil derivatives, and different pharmacological, medicinal, industrial, and drug delivery applications. Conclusion: The castor oil and its derivatives offer numerous potential applications in the food, pharmaceutical, agricultural, and cosmetic industry that has opened up several opportunities for research in this area.

Biobased Castor Oil-Based Polyurethane Foams Grafted with Octadecylsilane-Modified Diatomite for Use as Eco-Friendly and Low-Cost Sorbents for Crude Oil Clean-Up Applications.

Herein we report the synthesis and characterization of novel castor oil-based polyurethane (PU) foam functionalized with octadecyltrichlorosilane (C18)-modified diatomaceous earth (DE) particles, exhibiting superior hydrophobicity and oil adsorption, and poor water absorption, for use in effective clean-up of crude oil spillage in water bodies. High-performance and low-cost sorbents have a tremendous attraction in oil spill clean-up applications. Recent studies have focused on the use of castor oil as a significant polyol that can be used as a biodegradable and eco-friendly raw material for the synthesis of PU. However, biobased in-house synthesis of foam modified with C18-DE particles has not yet been reported. This study involves the synthesis of PU using castor oil, further modification of castor oil-based PU using C18 silane, characterization studies and elucidation of oil adsorption capacity. The FTIR analysis confirmed the fusion of C18 silane particles inside the PU skeleton by adding the new functional group, and the XRD study signified the inclusion of crystalline peaks in amorphous pristine PU foam owing to the silane cross-link structure. Thermogravimetric analysis indicated improvement in thermal stability and high residual content after chemical modification with alkyl chain moieties. The SEM and EDX analyses showed the surface's roughness and the incorporation of inorganic and organic elements into pristine PU foam. The contact angle analysis showed increased hydrophobicity of the modified PU foams treated with C18-DE particles. The oil absorption studies showed that the C18-DE-modified PU foam, in comparison with the unmodified one, exhibited a 2.91-fold increase in the oil adsorption capacity and a 3.44-fold decrease in the water absorbing nature. From these studies, it is understood that this novel foam can be considered as a potential candidate for cleaning up oil spillage on water bodies.

Effect and Safety of Castor Oil on Labor Induction and Prevalence of Vaginal Delivery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background:Castor oil is used in some countries to induce labor, but results on its effectiveness and safety is controversial. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effect of castor oil on labor induction and prevalence of vaginal delivery along with investigating its safety.Materials and Methods:PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched systematically up to September 2020. Observational studies and Randomized Clinical Trials (RCTs), which assessed the effect of castor oil on labor induction in English and Persian languages using different combinations of the related key terms and Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms were collected and analyzed independently by two authors. Random effect model was used for meta-analysis. The studies were included in which the Relative Risk (RR) had been reported with 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs).Results:A total of 12 studies consisting 1653 pregnant women were included. The mean age of women who used castor oil was 24.72 years and in control group was 24.67 years. Results showed that labor induction was significantly higher in castor oil group than control group (RR: 3.27; 95% CI (1.96, 5.46)). Prevalence of vaginal delivery was 81% in the castor oil group and 69% in the control group.Conclusions:It can be concluded that use of castor oil has positive effect on labor induction and increases the prevalence of vaginal delivery. None of the studies considered in this meta-analysis reported any serious harmful effects for the use of castor oil.

TECHNOLOGY OF SURFACE-ACTIVE RICINIC ACID DERIVATIVES

The overall purpose of the presented study is to determine the scientific basis of the technology amino acids based surfactants, this is relevant for Ukraine, because we dont have such production of domestic substances. The practical significance of the study is to use the surfactants obtained in the composition of detergents instead of alkyl sulfate salts. One of the varieties of environmentally friendly surfactants that have a gentle effect on human skin is acyl amino acids, which are obtained by the reaction of amino acids with fatty acids. A relatively simple to implement technology for biocompatible and biodegradable surfactants based on amino acids with the use of castor oil and aminoacetic acid as the main raw material is proposed. The results of IR spectroscopy show that the surfactants obtained are amides. Their basic surface-active properties are defined - surface tension and critical concentration of micelle formation. The obtained surfactants can be used in the composition of cosmetics and detergents, or independently in the form of an aqueous solution.

Production of Biodiesel from Castor Oil: A Review

An attractive alternative to the use of fossil fuels is biodiesel, which can be obtained from a variety of feedstock through different transesterification systems such as ultrasound, microwave, biological, chemical, among others. The efficient and cost-effective biodiesel production depends on several parameters such as free fatty acid content in the feedstock, transesterification reaction efficiency, alcohol:oil ratio, catalysts type, and several parameters during the production process. However, biodiesel production from vegetable oils is under development, causing the final price of biodiesel to be higher than diesel derived from petroleum. An alternative to decrease the production costs will be the use of economical feedstocks and simple production processes. Castor oil is an excellent raw material in terms of price and quality, but especially this non-edible vegetable oil does not have any issues or compromise food security. Recently, the use of castor oil has attracted attention for producing and optimizing biodiesel production, due to high content of ricinoleic fatty acid and the possibility to esterify with only methanol, which assures low production costs. Additionally, biodiesel from castor oil has different advantages over conventional diesel. Some of them are biodegradable, non-toxic, renewable, they can be used alone, low greenhouse gas emission, among others. This review discusses and analyzes different transesterification processes, technologies, as well as different technical aspects during biodiesel production using castor oil as a feedstock.

Eco-friendly castor oil-based UV-curable urethane acrylate zinc oxide nanocomposites: Synthesis and viscoelastic behavior

Attention to environmental problems and the importance of maintaining it have caused the researchers to pay more attention in this regard. The production of polymers and resins has increased in recent years and has affected by environmental pollution due to their long-term degradation. An appropriate solution to this problem is the synthesis of degradable and environmentally friendly polymers and resins. Using natural materials in the synthesis of polymers and resins can help them to be environmentally friendly. The purpose of this research is to synthesize urethane acrylate resins using natural resources. For this purpose, the urethane acrylate pre-polymer was synthesized with castor oil. Then, using modified zinc oxide nanoparticles with 1, 3 and 5 wt% urethane acrylate zinc oxide nanocomposites were produced. The use of castor oil as a degradable part and lack of organic solvent in radiation systems led to the creation of an environmentally friendly resin. Subsequently, the viscoelastic behavior of the prepared nanocomposite was evaluated. Spectrometry results confirm the synthesized resin structure. The morphology of nanocomposites confirmed the proper particle size distribution in a 3 wt.% sample. The results of the dynamic mechanical thermal analysis test showed that increasing the amount of modified nano ZnO could increase the glass transition temperature, and the maximum value was observed in 5 wt.% modified nano ZnO (69.7℃).

Multicenter feasibility study of bowel preparation with castor oil for colon capsule endoscopy.

Extensive use of laxatives and incomplete excretion rates are problematic for colon capsule endoscopy (CCE). The aim of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of castor oil as a booster. At four Japanese hospitals, 319 examinees undergoing CCE were enrolled retrospectively. Before and after the introduction of castor oil, other preparation reagents were unchanged. Of 319 examinees who underwent CCE, 152 and 167 examinees took regimens with castor oil (between November 2013 and June 2016) and without castor oil (between October 2015 and September 2017), respectively. Capsule excretion rates within its battery life in the groups with and without castor oil were 97% and 81%, respectively (P<0.0001). Multivariate analysis showed that ages younger than 65years (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 3.00; P=0.0048), male gender (adjusted OR, 3.20; P=0.0051), and use of castor oil (adjusted OR, 6.29; P=0.0003) were predictors of capsule excretion within its battery life. Small bowel transit time was shorter and total volume of lavage and fluid intake was lower with castor oil than without (P=0.0154 and 0.0013, respectively). Overall adequate cleansing level ratios with and without castor oil were 74% and 83%, respectively (P=0.0713). Per-examinee sensitivity for polyps ≥6mm with and without castor oil was 83% and 85%, respectively, with specificities of 80% and 78%, respectively. Bowel preparation with castor oil was effective for improving capsule excretion rate and reducing liquid loading.

Emission Benefits from the Use of Castor Oil in a Compression Ignition Engine Fuelled with Diesel-Ethanol Blends

Emission Benefits from the Use of Castor Oil in a Compression Ignition Engine Fuelled with Diesel-Ethanol Blends

Ternary blends of diesel fuel oxygenated with ethanol and castor oil for diesel engines

Ethanol is an excellent alternative to partially substitute fossil fuels, due to its renewable and oxygenated nature, which is responsible of particulate emissions reduction when used to fuel compression-ignition engines. The main drawback of its use as fuel is its poor solubility when it is blended with diesel fuel. Although additives are used to improve its miscibility, this means a cost overrun. In this work, the use of castor oil as additive to increase the miscibility of ethanol/diesel fuel blend is proposed. In this sense, castor seeds are not suitable for human consumption, thus preventing the potential competition with the food market, as it may happen with edible seeds. Therefore, several blends of ethanol, Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel fuel (ULSD) and castor oil have been studied in order to analyze their stability and kinematic viscosity (which is one of the most limiting properties for liquid fuels). Moreover, prediction models of kinematic viscosity, cold filter plugging point (CFPP) and high calorific value (HCV) have been proposed based on the percentage of ULSD, ethanol and castor oil used in the ternary blend.

Castor oil for induction of labour: a retrospective study

Purpose: The aim of this study is to investigate the safety and efficacy of castor oil to induce labour.Materials and methods: A retrospective observational case control study was conducted over five years. Castor oil was proposed to women referred to the Birth Centre (Castor Oil group (COG)). They were compared to women who chose to be followed by the traditional doctor-led unit (control group (CG)). Castor oil was administered in a 60 ml single dose in 200 ml of warm water. Inclusion criteria were gestational age between 40 and 41 weeks plus premature rupture of membranes between 12 and 18 hours or amniotic fluid index ≤4 or Bishop Score of ≤4 or absence of spontaneous labour over 41 + 4 weeks.Results: Pharmacological induction of labour was required for 18 women in the COG (45%) and 36 in the CG (90%) (p < .001). The mode of delivery differed significantly between groups: women assuming castor oil showed a higher incidence of vaginal delivery, whereas the incidence of caesarean section was lower in the COG, but no statistical significance was reached.Conclusions: The use of castor oil is related to a higher probability of labour initiation within 24 hours. Castor oil can be considered a safe non-pharmacological method for labour induction.

Sa1762 The Use of Castor Oil for Bowel Preparation for Colon Capsule Endoscopy (Including Dialysis Patients)

Sa1762 The Use of Castor Oil for Bowel Preparation for Colon Capsule Endoscopy (Including Dialysis Patients)

The use of castor oil and ricinoleic acid in lead chalcogenide nanocrystal synthesis

A green solution-based thermolysis method for the synthesis of lead chalcogenide (PbE, E = S, Se, Te) nanocrystals in castor oil (CSTO) and its isolate ricinoleic acid (RA) is described. The blue shift observed from the optical spectra of CSTO and RA-capped PbE nanocrystals (NCs) confirmed the evidence of quantum confinement. The dimensions of PbE NCs obtained from NIR absorption spectra, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies were in good agreement. The particle sizes estimated were in the range of 20, 25, and 130 nm for castor oil-capped PbS, PbSe, and PbTe, respectively. Well-defined close to cubic-shaped particles were observed in the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of PbSe and PbTe nanocrystals. The high-resolution TEM and selective area electron diffraction (SAED) micrographs of the as-synthesized crystalline PbE NCs showed distinct lattice fringes with d-spacing distances corroborating with the standard values reported in literature.

Castor oil as a potential renewable resource for the production of functional materials

Castor oil is increasingly becoming an important bio-based raw material for industrial applications. The oil is non-edible and can be extracted from castor seeds from the castor plant belonging to the family Euphorbiaceae. The oil is a mixture of saturated and unsaturated fatty acid esters linked to a glycerol. The presence of hydroxyl group, a double bond, carboxylic group and a long chain hydrocarbon in ricinoleic acid (a major component of the oil), offer several possibilities of transforming it into variety of materials. The oil is thus a potential alternative to petroleum-based starting chemicals for the production of materials with variety of properties. Despite this huge potential, very little has recently been reviewed on the use of castor oil as a bio-resource in the production of functional materials. This review therefore highlights the potential of castor oil in the production of these diverse materials with their projected global market potential. The review gives the background information of castor oil and its geographical availability, the properties and its uses as bio-based resource for synthesis of various materials. The review further highlights on the use of castor oil or ricinoleic acid as a green capping agent in the synthesis of nanomaterials.

The Use of Castor Oil for Bowel Preparation for Colon Capsule Endoscopy

Colon capsule endoscopy was approved for reimbursement under the national health insurance system of Japan in 2014. At our hospital, specialized mainly in renal, hepatic, and diabetic diseases, we have been performing colon capsule endoscopy since December 2014. Dialysis patients are potentially susceptible to bleeding because of the fragile intestine, impaired platelet function, or oral administration of nonsteroidalanti inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or anticoagulants. For this reason, detailed examination by capsule endoscopy appears to be useful. However, the capsule excretion rate after recommended bowel preparation reportedly ranges from 70% to 90%, and administration of boosters is also necessary. For dialysis patients, liquid loading is a problem. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of bowel preparation with castor oil for improving the capsule excretion rate. In all 20 patients (including four dialysis patients), both capsule transit time and duration of capsule endoscopy were shortened. The results are presented and briefly discussed in this report.

Desempenho de bovinos Nelore suplementados com óleos essenciais de caju e mamona, mantidos em pastagens de Brachiária brizantha

The use of essential oils in the diet of cattle and their mechanisms are being extensively studied, such as the use of castor oil and cashew. Thus, the objective - to evaluate the effects of essential oils of castor and cashew in mineral supplementation of cattle kept on pasture Brachiariabrizantha in the state of Tocantins. The animals were weighed and randomly divided into two groups at the beginning of the experimental period totaling 60 days between the months of September and November, with 60 cattle at the time of the yearling (15 months) each group. The pasture had good availability of leaf mass, but drought. The control group received no supplement mineral oils + pasture + water ad libitum. The treatment group received mineral supplement with essential oils (2.43 g / animal / day) + pasture + water ad libitum. Statistical analyzes were performed by SAS statistical software and means were compared by t-test (p

&lt;b&gt;Synthesis of carboxylate complexes and evaluation of their catalytic activities for polyesterification of castor oil (&lt;i&gt;Ricinum communis&lt;/i&gt;) with terephthalic acid

The use of castor oil (Ricinus communis) has been pointed out as an interesting alternative to produce several polymers obtained from step-growth polymerization and are suitable to be used as resins and coatings. The ricinoleate metal complexes Ni[C17H34(OH)COO]2, Sn[C17H34(OH)COO]2, Co[C17H34(OH)COO]2 and Fe[C17H34(OH)COO]2 have been prepared and used as catalyst precursors for polyesterification of castor oil and terephthalic acid (TFA). The observed catalytic activity decreased in the order: Fe[C17H34(OH)COO]2 &gt; Co[C17H34(OH)COO]2 &gt; Sn[C17H34(OH)COO]2 &gt; Ni[C17H34(OH)COO]2. The new polymeric materials did not show homogeneity in their chains, as indicated by their high polydispersity. Indeed, the polydispersity index value varied from 5.49 for the polymer produced in the presence of the nickel complex to 12.42 for these prepared with the cobalt compound. On the other hand, the final material presented high molecular weight, being the lower value (Mw = 13400 Da) observed for the polymer prepared with the nickel complex and the highest (Mw = 36400 Da) verified for the one obtained with the cobalt compound. It was observed only a glass transition temperature for all the materials, suggesting an amorphous structure of polymeric chains.

Use of Castor Oil as Cutting Fluid in Machining of Hardened Stainless Steel with Minimum Quantity of Lubricant

Use of cutting fluids in machining processes can reduce the cutting temperature and provides lubrication to tool and workpiece. These translate to longer tool life and improved surface quality. Due to the issues of using fluids in machining related to environment, health, and manufacturing cost that need to be solved, options to reduce their use. A technique called minimal quantity lubrication (MQL), which sprays small amount of cutting fluid (in the range of approximately 10 – 100ml/h) to the cutting zone area with the aid of compressed air, was developed to merge the advantages of both dry cutting and flood cooling. For the type of cutting fluids, vegetable oils are common cutting fluids used in MQL because of its superior lubrication and high-pressure performance. This study evaluates the performance of MQL using castor oil as cutting fluid. The workpiece is hardened stainless steel 48 HRC. Results are compared with dry cutting. It was found that using small amount of lubricant of 50ml/h during the particular turning process produces better results compared to dry cutting, in terms of longer tool life. Surface roughness and cutting forces were also enhanced albeit slightly. From the results, MQL can be a good technique for turning hardened stainless steel using coated carbide cutting tools for cutting parameters of up to 170 m/min cutting speed and 0.24mm/rev feed.