Use Of Carbon Dioxide Gas Research Articles

Investigation of the process of moisture loss during refrigerated storage of fish

The purpose of current work is to study the effect of carbon dioxide on the shrinkage of smoked fish and to develop a technical solution for the implementation of technology with the use of CO2 in fish trade. We use mackerel, flounder and crucian carp as test samples. The studies were carried out in two versions: storage of fish in a chamber under traditional conditions and with the addition of carbon dioxide (CO2) to the refrigerating chamber. The use of carbon dioxide gas during the storage of smoked fish leads to an increase in the water-holding capacity of the fish in comparison with the traditional storage method. In our proposed method of storage in a cold atmosphere with CO2, fish shrinkage is reduced. The carbonate ions well bind water molecules in the hydration shell due to positive hydration, which slows down the processes of hydrolysis and oxidation of lipids inside the subcutaneous layer and preserves the moisture-retaining capacity of tissues. Thus, the use of carbon dioxide in the storage of smoked fish reduces weight loss and does not affect the appearance of the fish.

Production and application of the laparoscopic surgical smoke purifier

Objective To design a smoke purifier for laparoscopic surgery, and to test its application in reducing the use of carbon dioxide gas and reducing the concentration of harmful substances in laparoscopic surgery exhaust gas. Methods From April to September 2017, a total of 136 cases of hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo oophorectomy and pelvic lymph node dissection were divided into control group and experimental group by random number table method, with 68 cases in each group. Independent negative pressure suction pipeline was applied in the control group for direct suction. In the experimental group, the surgery exhaust gas first passed laparoscopic surgical smoke purifier, the intake pipe of which was transformed from an aseptic transfusion device. Gas would emit a sound alert when passing the double-valve one-way valve. After passing KP100 grade, KN100 grade filter element and a certain amount of protective coal pellet activated carbon, the smoke would be managed by the independent negative pressure suction pipeline. The amount of carbon dioxide gas used in the two groups and the concentration of harmful substances in the smoke of the experimental group before and after the operation were recorded. Results The amount of carbon dioxide gas used in the control group was (656.95±70.11) L, which was higher than that in the experimental group (613.70±75.63) L, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.01) . In the experimental group, PM10, PM2.5, PM1.0, formaldehyde and total volatile organic compounds (TVOC) before the application of purifier were (206.90±30.48) μg/m3, (195.74±27.23) μg/m3, (220.22±37.60) μg/m3, (0.52±0.02) mg/m3 and (4.35±1.79) mg/m3, which were all higher than those after the application of purifier (4.26±1.02) μg/m3, (6.54±2.05) μg/m3, (7.89±3.38) μg/m3, (0.34±0.01) mg/m3 and (0.31±0.17) mg/m3 respectively, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.01) . Conclusions The purifier can reduce the amount of carbon dioxide gas used in laparoscopic surgery, reduce the harmful substances in surgical exhaust gas and reduce the harm to the environment and medical staff. Key words: Diffusion of innovation; Protective devices; Electrosurgery; Air pollutants, occupational; Operating room nursing; Laparoscopy

Pediatric Arterial Interventions

The spectrum of pediatric vascular pathology differs from the adult population and it varies greatly to include congenital and acquired disorders. Although catheter-directed angiography remains the gold standard, most vascular conditions in the child can be adequately diagnosed with magnetic resonance angiography, computed tomographic angiography, or duplex/Doppler ultrasonography with only a few exceptions, such as intrarenal arterial stenosis, small vessel vasculitides, and visceral vascular malformations. The advancement of catheter and wire technology has made it increasingly possible for complex arterial interventions to be performed in children, including embolization, angioplasty with stent insertion, thrombolysis, and endovascular neurological procedures. More angiographic procedures are being performed with the aim of also being therapeutic. Special considerations in children include the use of appropriate equipment and adequate dosing of contrast and of the various medications used during angiography, particularly in patients less than 15 kg in weight. This article will focus on the management of renovascular hypertension, liver transplant hepatic arterial intervention, and the use of carbon dioxide gas as a contrast agent in the child.

Towards the Recovery of l-Aspartic Acid from Aqueous Solution: Exploiting pH-Dependent Solubility via Carbon Dioxide Addition

While the use of gas antisolvents has been described widely in the literature for precipitation of solutes from organic solutions, fewer studies describe their use on aqueous solutions. The primary objective of this initial investigation was to explore the use of carbon dioxide gas to exploit the pH-dependent solubility of l-aspartic acid for its separation from aqueous solution. Experimental data are presented and discussed for the aqueous solubilities of l-aspartic acid at 25°C over the pH range 2 to 6. A minimum solubility of 0.039 M was found near the isoelectric point atpH=2.79; solubilities increased moving away from the isoelectric pH to higher and lower pH values. Preliminary data that demonstrate using carbon dioxide as an acidulent to precipitate l-aspartic acid from aqueous solution are also presented. These preliminary data are used to draw inferences regarding the characteristics of compounds that might exploit this separation technique.

Pneumoperitoneum after laparoscopic cholecystectomy: frequency and duration as seen on upright chest radiographs.

This study aimed to determine the frequency and duration of pneumoperitoneum after laparoscopic cholecystectomy, as detected on upright chest radiographs. Fifty-five patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy were studied prospectively. Upright posteroanterior chest radiographs were obtained 6 hr after surgery (day 1); additional radiographs were obtained on days 2, 4, 7, and 14, if required, until the pneumoperitoneum resolved. A perpendicular measurement of any pneumoperitoneum detected between the diaphragm and the liver was obtained. The pneumoperitoneum was graded as absent, trace (1-5 mm), mild (6-10 mm), or moderate (10-15 mm). No evidence of pneumoperitoneum was seen on chest radiographs taken 6 hr after surgery (day 1) in 27 (54%) of the 50 patients who completed the study. Of the remaining 23 patients (46%), all but one showed resolution of the pneumoperitoneum in the first week. Of these 23 patients, 17 showed trace pneumoperitoneum and six showed mild pneumoperitoneum on chest radiographs. Despite the use of carbon dioxide gas during laparoscopic cholecystectomy, a significant number of patients have postsurgery pneumoperitoneum that is visible on upright chest radiographs. The pneumoperitoneum resolves in most patients within the first week after surgery.

The use of carbon dioxide gas to displace flowing blood during angioscopy

Carbon dioxide (CO2) gas is a safe and effective arterial contrast agent that images arteries by displacing blood. The use of CO2 gas to displace blood during angioscopy may improve intraoperative angioscopy and allow percutaneous angioscopy. To study this, 46 angioscopic evaluations in the femoral arteries of four dogs were done without inflow occlusion. The ability of CO2 gas to clear the flowing blood was compared to a high-pressure infusion of saline solution. Carbon dioxide gas successfully displaced flowing blood in 20 of 25 evaluations (80%) as compared to three of 21 evaluations (14%) with infusion of saline solution (p < 0.0001). After the CO2 gas infusion was stopped, the image remained clear for 9 ± 1 seconds. When saline was used, the image was clear only as long as the infusion was continued. The quality of clear images for the two media were similar through the eyepiece of the angioscope, but images observed through the motion picture camera had better contrast and depth of field in CO2 gas. The use of a CO2 gas infusion can clear the field of flowing blood without the risk of volume overloading and potentially allow performance of a successful percutaneous angioscopy.

The use of carbon dioxide gas to displace flowing blood during angioscopy

The use of carbon dioxide gas to displace flowing blood during angioscopy

Insertion of the laparoscopic Trocar without the use of carbon dioxide gas

Nine-hundred-and-fourteen patients have undergone the single puncture Falope Ring laparoscopic tubal ligations in a community hospital without prior insufflation of carbon dioxide gas. Anesthesia time averaged 10.5 minutes, surgical procedure time averaged 8.1 minutes. The patients left the hospital in satisfactory condition in the afternoon of the procedure. The only complication was a failed ligation (0.1%). Two-week follow-up showed no untoward complications. Omission of carbon dioxide insufflation before Trocar insertion lowers complications such as nausea, emesis, and post-operative pain. Also, anesthesia and surgical times are reduced. None of the patients required intubation during anesthesia.

Determining the surface area of refractories

To determine the complete specific surface area of refractory products and powders, both methods of the BET specification, that is, with respect to nitrogen and carbon dioxide adsorption, are recommended. The use of carbon dioxide gas instead of liquid nitrogen has certain advantages connected with the acquisition, transporting, and storage of the material.

炭酸ガス関口線材アーク溶接法について(第1報)

The Carbon Dioxide-Sekiguchi's Filler Wire-Arc Welding Process, C. S. Arc Welding Process for short, is the carbon dioxide gas shielded metal arc welding process with steel filler wires containing deoxidizers, namely Sekiguchi's filler wires.The idea of this process is as follows.(1) The use of carbon dioxide gas to shield the electric arc and molten metals being in transfer and deposited.(2) The use of bare steel filler wire containing deoxidizers, namely Sekiguchi s filler wire.The following things are expected on this process. Bad effects of Oxygen and Nitrogen in the atmosphere are reduced to some extent by the use of carbon dioxide gas. On the filler wire, there is no coating which may have a provability of supply water vapor. Then hydrogen content of the weld metal is very little. The contents of iron oxide (FeO), produced by the dissociation of carbon dioxide at high temperature and the reaction between molten iron and the shielded gas, is reduced with deoxi dizers come from Sekiguchi's filler wire. Accordingly, contents of oxygen, nitrogen and hydrogen of the weld metals obtainek by this process are extremely little. Therefore, excellent welded joints are made by this process.It was confirmed experimentally that the idea of this process is excellent. Next reports on this process will show the results of these experiments.

Methods of Improving Interior Egg Quality

IT IS now generally recognized that the interior quality of an egg starts deterioration as soon as it is laid. Enzymatic action, hydrogen ion concentration, temperature, and humidity all contribute to that loss. Any method or means which will in any way retard that loss would be beneficial to the egg industry. Farm humidors, humidified trucks, refrigerator cars, cold storage, and oiling of eggs are all important steps in controlling losses due to the above mentioned factors. Several improvements in the handling of eggs to control losses due to hydrogen ion changes have been suggested; namely, the use of carbon dioxide gas and packing eggs in sealed containers.The use of carbon dioxide as an aid in preventing loss of egg quality is not new. It. has been used both in this and many European countries. However, the major use has been in connection with cold storage warehouses. By the .