Use Of Body Parts Research Articles

My Body is not Just Flesh and Blood, it is Emotion and Feeling. Exploring Body Parts in Songs

Our study investigates the symbolic and emotional significance of body part references in pop song lyrics. For the purpose of our investigation, we built a corpus of 100 song lyrics, namely, the top 10 songs on the Billboard Charts for the years 2011-2020. Through a combination of qualitative, quantitative, and co-occurrence analyses, the study explores how references to body parts evoke themes of intimacy, sensuality, and identity. We found recurring motifs involving various body parts, with a particular focus on the heart, hands, and face, with the heart often symbolising love and emotional connection, while the hands were found to be associated with touch and interaction. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that examines the use of body parts in a corpus of 100 topten songs.

The Contextualization of Hadith Regarding the Prohibition of Damaging Corpses in the Law of Autopsy

This study aims to review the hadiths regarding the prohibition of damaging corpses and contextualize them with the law of autopsy. The approach used is the hermeneutics offered by Hassan Hanafi in understanding the text of revelation as a legal source. This approach involves building three types of awareness: 1) historical awareness (asy-syu'ur at-tarikhy), 2) eidetic awareness (asy-syu'ur at-ta'ammuli), and 3) praxis awareness (asy-syu'ur al-'amali). The findings of this study are as follows: 1) there are two hadiths that contain the prohibition of damaging corpses, the first narrated by Muslim, and the second by Abu Daud; 2) both hadiths that prohibit damaging corpses are of high quality (sahih); 3) the prohibition of damaging corpses applies in normal situations, but in emergencies, the use of body parts of the deceased according to necessity is allowed; 4) autopsy, whether for autopsy purposes or as a learning tool for medical students, is categorized as an emergency need and is therefore permissible according to Islamic law

The Metaphorical Use of Body Parts in Forming Counting expressions: Evidence from Tāti Language Group

AbstractMathematics is a particularly important challenge for embodied approaches to cognition, as it is probably the most abstract domain of human knowledge. Humans use metaphors in all aspects of life. This paper studies the effects of human body parts on numerals, numeral systems, and mensural and sortal classifiers. The evidence for this paper comes from the Tāti language group, an endangered Iranian language of the Indo-European language family. The Tāti data shows these languages make use of base-10, base-20, and base-50 numeral systems, some of which are among the most common and earliest counting systems worldwide, while the last is unique and peculiar to the area. Body parts may also play an important role in forming mensural and sortal classifiers, as is the case in the Tāti language group.

Language Styles of Automotive Mechanics in Selected Garages in Dar es Salaam

This study investigates the language styles used by automotive mechanics in Dar es Salaam to communicate mechanical information. It is guided by conceptual metaphor theory and translanguaging. Data was obtained from interviews with 20 participants, observation, and social media, specifically Jamii Forums and Facebook. The findings of the study show that automotive mechanics employ a variety of strategies to communicate messages to their clients when giving instructions, advising, explaining mechanical processes, and recommending spare parts to them. These strategies include using loan words, translanguaging, and assigning the names of body parts and human actions to car parts and mechanical processes respectively. Other strategies include the metaphorical use of body parts and personification. The study shows that automotive mechanics use these strategies not only because of their incompetence in using English or Swahili to communicate technical issues but also as a matter of style.

Universality vs. cultural specificity of anger metaphors and metonymies in English and Vietnamese idioms

As a human basic emotion, anger has been extensively investigated to gain insights into human cognition and psychology. From the cognitive linguistic perspective, research into metaphor and metonymy of anger across languages can shed light on the cultural models of respective speech communities. This paper looks into metaphors and metonymies of anger in Vietnamese and English idioms to find out how this emotion is conceptualized in each language, what features are universal and what characteristics are culturally specific. The Conceptual Metaphor Theory framework proposed by Lakoff Johnson (1980) was used for data analysis, which involves 68 English and 52 Vietnamese idioms. It was found that both languages conceptualize anger based on embodied experiences as well as cultural models. Six major conceptual metaphors of anger are identified with more diverse elaborations in Vietnamese idioms. Cultural differences are that Vietnamese makes frequent use of body parts and internal organs metonymies while English tends to utilize the whole body to describe emotional states. Vietnamese feudalist values and folk culture are also evident in the metaphorical and metonymic idioms of anger. These findings have both linguistic significance and pedagogical implications. It is suggested that awareness of conceptual motivation should be promoted when teaching idioms as figurative, metaphorically based expressions.

Signs of claw asymmetry appear in a homochelate crab

Lateral asymmetry is observed widely among vertebrates and invertebrates. It appears in various aspects, such as morphological structure, or the preferential use of body parts. Many studies have focused on animal handedness and its developmental process. This is especially true in crabs with asymmetrical claws (heterochelate), while there are few studies on handedness (claw laterality) in crabs with symmetrical claws (homochelate). In this study, we analyzed the claw symmetry of the Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) by comparing the ratio of chela height to length (HL- ratio), and we also analyzed the correlation between cheliped morphology and weight, crab body weight, physiological indices and closing force. The relationship between handedness and behavior of the crabs was further analyzed. The results showed that the morphology of the chelipeds was not symmetrical. The left chela of male crabs and the right chela of female crabs were stubbier. The closing force was positively correlated with the HL- ratio. Moreover, the closing force of the right cheliped was significantly greater than that of the left cheliped in females. In the comparison of behaviors between the lateral group (crabs with significantly greater closing force on the left or right claw) and non-lateral group (crabs with roughly the same closing force on their left or right claws), we identified that the lateral group showed more significant lateralization than the non-lateral group in hiding behavior. Further studies are needed to investigate the mechanism or evolutionary drivers of asymmetric claws in homochelate crabs.

TRANSLATING MOCHTAR LUBIS’S SHORT STORY “KULI KONTRAK” INTO ENGLISH: A NOVICE TRANSLATOR’S AUTOETHNOGRAPHY

This article is of reflection category exploring the common mistakes often occur in translating Indonesian literary texts into English by a non-native speaker of English. It argues that translation of literary texts is meticulous as it should involve interpretation and fluency in both source and target languages as well as creativity in order that the translated texts communicate equally well. It is the communicative power of translation that makes this undertaking of language transfer miraculous. Applying sufficient principles in translation and creative writing method, this article exemplifies the translation process of Mochtar Lubis’s short story “Kuli Kontrak” into “The Contract Coolies” that appears in the Your Story page of California-based Dalang Publishing bi-lingual website. Autoethnography is the method used in reporting the results. Three main problems that ensue in the Indonesian-English translation of this short story include (1) the concept of time, (2) the non-idiomatic use of body-parts, and (3) the unnecessary use of object construction/ passive voice that often do not translate well in English. By tackling these problems, the English reader may hopefully obtain the meaning-message of the short story as closely as possible to that acquired by Indonesian readers.

Innovative Approaches to Cheating: An Exploration of Examination Cheating Techniques among Tertiary Students

The prevalence and surge in academic cheating indicate that students are finding innovative techniques to cheat during examinations. This problem has left invigilators and academic stakeholders wondering how students manage to cheat during exams. With a qualitative approach, this study sought to explore the techniques used by students during examinations. Data were gathered from students of Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology. The findings revealed that the innovative techniques used by students were sitting arrangements, use of body parts, entry of foreign materials, and the use of technology. Students devised these techniques due to their perception of cheating and also poor institutional mechanism, which provided a favourable ground for cheating. We, therefore, argue that, to curtail academic cheating, not only should educational authorities and academic stakeholders improve institutional mechanism to prevent cheating, as it is the case, but also, a conscious effort should be made to alter student’s perception of cheating.

Feeling through your chest

AbstractThis article explores the expression and conceptualisation of emotions in Anindilyakwa (Gunwinyguan, north-east Arnhem Land). Fundamental to the emotional lexicon of this language is the widespread use of body parts, which frequently occur in figurative expressions. In this article I examine the primary body parts that occur in emotion descriptions in both literal (physical) and figurative expressions. Particular attention is given toyukudhukudha /-werrik- ‘chest’, the body part conceptualised as the primary site of emotion in Anindilyakwa and the most productive body-related morpheme used in emotion compounds. I consider the role of the chest and other productive body parts that occur in emotion compounds, and examine the metonymic and metaphorical devices that contribute to the expression of these emotional states. In doing so, I propose a number of overarching and widespread tropes that hold across different body-part compounds, and briefly contextualise these in relation to the emotion description systems of other closely-related (Gunwinyguan) languages.

Dignity, Body Parts, and the Actio Iniuriarum: A Novel Solution to a Common (Law) Problem?

In issue 4 of the 23rd volume of this journal, Charles Foster published a critical piece on the topic of Dignity and the Ownership and Use of Body Parts, arguing that property-based models of the ownership of human body parts are as ubiquitous as they are inadequate. The notion of 'human dignity', Foster argues (therein and in some of his earlier work), serves as a better candidate than its competitors for the role of moral guide in disputes pertaining to body parts which have been severed from their original subject. This argument is posited notwithstanding the fact (that Foster himself recognizes) that dignity is often seen as a hopelessly amorphous, vacuous which should be discarded as a potential foundation for rights claims, unless and until its source, nature, relevance and meaning are determined. The present piece does not purport to definitively determine the source, nature, relevant and meaning of the broad concept of 'dignity' as it exists in legal or ethical thought. Rather, it sets out simply to illustrate that in the mixed legal systems of Scotland and South Africa, legal claims which are predicated on the occurrence of some infringement of human dignity have been raised (and have the potential to be raised), pressed, and ultimately vindicated by the courts in those jurisdictions.

It takes two to pantomime: Communication meets motor cognition.

For over a century, pantomime of tool use has been employed to diagnose limb apraxia, a disorder of motor cognition primarily induced by left brain damage. While research consistently implicates damage to a left fronto-temporo-parietal network in limb apraxia, findings are inconsistent regarding the impact of damage to anterior versus posterior nodes within this network on pantomime. Complicating matters is the fact that tool use pantomime can be affected and evaluated at multiple levels. For instance, the production of tool use gestures requires the consideration of semantic characteristics (e.g. how to communicate the action intention) as well as motor features (e.g. forming grip and movement). Together, these factors may contribute substantially to apparent discrepancies in previously reported findings regarding neural correlates of tool use pantomime.In the current study, 67 stroke patients with unilateral left-brain damage performed a classic pantomime task. In order to analyze different error characteristics, we evaluated the proper use of grip and movement for each pantomime. For certain objects, healthy subjects may use body parts as representative for the object, e.g. use of the fingers to indicate scissors blades. To specify the pathological use of body parts as the object (BPO) we only assessed pantomime items that were not prone to this response in healthy participants. We performed modern voxel-based lesion analyses on MRI or CT data to determine associations between brain injury and the frequency of the specific types of pantomime errors.Our results support a model in which anterior and posterior nodes of the left fronto-temporo-parietal network contribute differentially to pantomime of tool use. More precisely, damage in the inferior frontal cortex reaching to the temporal pole is associated with an increased frequency of BPO errors, whereas damage to the inferior parietal lobe is predominantly linked to an increased frequency of movement and/or grip errors. Our work suggests that the validity of attempts to specify the neural correlates of limb apraxia based on tool use pantomime depends on differentiating the specific types of errors committed. We conclude that successful tool use pantomime involves dissociable functions with communicative aspects represented in more anterior (rather ventral) regions and motor-cognitive aspects in more posterior (rather dorsal) nodes of a left fronto-temporo-parietal network.

Hands, Heads, and Feet: Body Parts as Poetic Device in Judges 4–5

Scholars have identified lists of body parts as a compositional device in Biblical Hebrew poetry and as a way to highlight key themes in the biblical text or uncover hidden meanings. In addition, body parts have been given metaphorical and euphemistic senses. In this article I propose that body parts can form a poetic device an sich. This device is characterized by its willful exploitation of space: bodily space (with oppositions such as up–down and left–right), interpersonal space (connecting different characters), and literal space occupied by words in verses and phrases (with the opposition first–last). I will address each of these types of space and illustrate them with examples from Judg 4–5. In addition, I will examine the effect of the device, in terms of both story building and story decoding. A comparison between the prosaic and poetic accounts of the story of Jael and Sisera will show that the use of body parts, like other poetic devices, generates different reading experiences.

The depiction of size and shape in gestures accompanying object descriptions in Anyi (Côte d’Ivoire) and in Dutch (The Netherlands)

A comparison of size gestures made during object descriptions by Anyi speakers from the Ivory Coast and Dutch speakers in the Netherlands reveals considerable formational differences. Firstly, whereas all Anyi speakers make use of body parts to depict size and shape, none of the Dutch speakers do. Secondly, Dutch gestures outlining a size and shape in space are more varied than their Anyi counterparts in the number and distribution of the different handshapes, orientations, and movements. In addition, we report comparisons among Anyi speakers in which body parts are used as a way of showing the size of objects with signs for sizes employed in the sign language used by deaf and hearing signers in Adamorobe, a village community in Ghana that is linguistically and culturally related to the Anyi communities in Côte d’Ivoire. This comparison reveals significant similarities as well as differences, suggesting how co-speech gestures may have been adapted for use in this sign language.

Experimenter's Pantomimes Influence Children's Use of Body Part as Object and Imaginary Object Pantomimes: A Replication

Young children asked to pretend to use a series of absent objects typically pantomime by using a body part as the object (BPO) rather than by acting as if using an imaginary object (IO). This replication of Lyons's work (1983, 1986) examines whether different pretend contexts when requesting pantomimes influence children's use of IO and BPO pantomimes. Forty-three children aged 3;6 to 6;6 were asked to pretend to use 8 objects in 1 of 3 contexts: request, request after participating in an experimenter-provided imaginary context, and request after seeing the adult model the requested pretend action. The experimenter used IO pantomimes in the last 2 contexts. Children produced, on average, the most IO pantomimes in the modeling context, fewer in the imaginary context, and the fewest in the request context. Older children overall produced more IO pantomimes than did younger children; however, when pretend contexts were examined separately, ontogenetic differences in IO pantomimes were present for the request condition only. Externally directed actions resulted in more IO pantomiming than self-directed actions for only the youngest children.

Determination of Height Using Femur Length in Adult Population of Oguta Local Government Area of Imo State Nigeria

The use of body parts in the estimation of stature is a vital tool in forensic anthropology. This research was carried out to determine the height of adult population of Oguta inhabitants using the femur length. The femur length of 200 adults (male 123, female 77) aged 22 and 70 was taken using a non stretchable tape to measure the distance between the greater trochanter as palpated and lateral condyle of the femur. Height was taken from the subject by a calibrated meter rule. The mean of femur length and height was 41.18cm ± 0.03 and 164.47cm ± 0.65 respectively for the sample population in the male, the female length and height was 41.79cm ± 0.16 and 167.50cm ± 0.78 respectively, while in the female population the femur length was 40.82cm ± 0.26 and the height in 161.90cm ± 0.95. The pair of variables was found to be significant in each case at the level of p> 0.05. The value of the correlation factor is 0.9866. In this study the femur/length ratio for the sample population is 25. The mean femur/height ratio for male is 25.11 and that of female is 25.25. These values vary from reports from other parts of the world. This variation could be from the nutritional difference, occupation and the geographical location. The regression coefficient for the sample population is 0.9867. In the male population the value of r is 0.9927 while in the female population it is 0.9126. The values of r in this study showed that there is high correlation between the femur length and height of an individual. This study revealed that the height of an individual is four times the femur length of the individual, since the femur length is proportional to the height, therefore the taller the individual the longer femur length, while the shorter the individual the shorter the femur length.

Lateralisation of aggressive displays in a tephritid fly.

Lateralisation (i.e. different functional and/or structural specialisations of the left and right sides of the brain) of aggression has been examined in several vertebrate species, while evidence for invertebrates is scarce. In this study, we investigated lateralisation of aggressive displays (boxing with forelegs and wing strikes) in the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata. We attempted to answer the following questions: (1) do medflies show lateralisation of aggressive displays at the population-level; (2) are there sex differences in lateralisation of aggressive displays; and (3) does lateralisation of aggression enhance fighting success? Results showed left-biased population-level lateralisation of aggressive displays, with no consistent differences among sexes. In both male-male and female-female conflicts, aggressive behaviours performed with left body parts led to greater fighting success than those performed with right body parts. As we found left-biased preferential use of body parts for both wing strikes and boxing, we predicted that the left foreleg/wing is quicker in exploring/striking than the right one. We characterised wing strike and boxing using high-speed videos, calculating mean velocity of aggressive displays. For both sexes, aggressive displays that led to success were faster than unsuccessful ones. However, left wing/legs were not faster than right ones while performing aggressive acts. Further research is needed on proximate causes allowing enhanced fighting success of lateralised aggressive behaviour. This is the first report supporting the adaptive role of lateralisation of aggressive displays in insects.

Dignity and the ownership and use of body parts.

Property-based models of the ownership of body parts are common. They are inadequate. They fail to deal satisfactorily with many important problems, and even when they do work, they rely on ideas that have to be derived from deeper, usually unacknowledged principles. This article proposes that the parent principle is always human dignity, and that one will get more satisfactory answers if one interrogates the older, wiser parent instead of the younger, callow offspring. But human dignity has a credibility problem. It is often seen as hopelessly amorphous or incurably theological. These accusations are often just. But a more thorough exegesis exculpates dignity and gives it its proper place at the fountainhead of bioethics. Dignity is objective human thriving. Thriving considerations can and should be applied to dead people as well as live ones. To use dignity properly, the unit of bioethical analysis needs to be the whole transaction rather than (for instance) the doctor-patient relationship. The dignity interests of all the stakeholders are assessed in a sort of utilitarianism. Its use in relation to body part ownership is demonstrated. Article 8(1) of the European Convention of Human Rights endorses and mandates this approach.

The Body in Linguistic Representations of Emotions in Dalabon (Northern Australia)

In the Dalabon language of Northern Australia (Gunwinyguan family, non-Pama-Nyungan), body-part words are used in expressions denoting emotions. For instance, kangu-yowyow(mu), literally ‘flowing belly’ (kangu ‘belly’+ yowyow(mu) ‘flow’) means ‘feel good, be nice’. This is cross-linguistically unsurprising: most languages in Australia and around the world make use of body-parts to describe emotions. However, these body-parts can play different roles. They are often involved in metaphors. These metaphors are sometimes highly conventionalized and conceptually opaque to speakers; or they can be conceptually salient so that the body-parts in question are regarded by speakers as the locus of emotions. In Dalabon, the body-part most closely acquainted to emotions in the belly (kangu). The belly is sometimes treated as the locus of emotions, especially inter-personal emotions. It is involved in a network of metaphors. The most widespread metaphor describes the belly as malleable or resistant. Someone who feels good may be described as someone with a malleable or fluid belly, and conversely someone who feels bad may be described as someone with a hard belly. In another metaphor, a broken belly corresponds to bad feelings, and a belly in good condition, to positive feelings. These metaphors are highly conventionalized, i.e. they are embedded in some of the most frequent Dalabon emotion words. Yet speakers do perceive these metaphors and elaborate upon them in non-linguistic or para-li [...]

“I Didn't Know I Could Turn Colors”: Health Problems and Health Care Experiences of Women Strangled by an Intimate Partner

Strangulation is a unique and particularly pernicious form of intimate partner violence. To increase the relatively little that is known about strangulation survivors, focus groups and interviews were conducted as part of a practice–research engagement with a domestic violence shelter. All of the participants had been strangled and, among them, almost all were strangled multiple times. The loss of consciousness was common. Participants associated “choking” with use of body parts and “strangling” with use of objects. Although some minimized the assault, most considered strangulation to be serious and reported a variety of medical conditions following the assault. Few sought medical care. Of those who did, few disclosed the assault, or were asked about strangulation, which commonly resulted in misdirected treatment. Implications for improving detection and treatment are discussed.

Dignity and the use of body parts

This paper contends that the conventional ethical and legal ways of analysing the wrong involved in the misuse of human body parts are inadequate, and should be replaced with an...