Birth Use Research Articles

Use of 3-Month Injectable Contraception and Its Relationship with Weight Gain and Hypertension

Introduction: Contraception is an attempt to delay pregnancy, this effort can also be temporary or permanent. Weight gain is often caused by excessive food intake, lack of physical activity, genetics, drugs and use of birth control/hormonal injections. Hypertension is also a manifestation of disturbances in the hemodynamic balance of the cardiovascular system. Objective: To determine the relationship between the use of 3-month injectable birth control contraception with weight gain and the incidence of hypertension at the Curug Village Health Center in Curug Village in 2022. Method: This research uses a quantitative type of research, the research design used is cross-sectional. The population in this study was 568 3-month injectable contraceptive acceptors. The sample was taken using purposive sampling with the criteria of mothers using 3-month KB injectable contraception totaling 95 respondents. The research instruments used medical records and observation sheets, scales and sphygmomanometeir. This research uses chi-square test data analysis. Results: Based on the results of the chi-square test, weight gain with 3-month contraceptive injections showed a p-value of 0.037 (p<0.05). The incidence of hypertension with injectable contraceptives was found to have a p-value of 0.008 (p<0.05). Conclusion: There is a relationship between the use of injectable birth control contraception and body weight. There is a relationship between the incidence of hypertension and the use of 3-month injectable birth control contraception. The use of 3-month injectable birth control contraception can affect weight gain and the incidence of hypertension, especially in birth control acceptors who use it for more than one year.

Factors Related to the Utilization of Birth Waiting House by Delivery Women in the Working Area of Puskesmas Treatment, Padang City

Birth Waiting Home (RTK) is a government program that aims to reduce maternal mortality. But in reality, there are still many people who do not take advantage of this facility. The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors related to the use of maternity waiting homes (RTK) by mothers in the city of Padang. This research is explanatory survey research conducted in four treatment centers in the city of Padang. The research sample was 185 mothers who gave birth in January-July 2022 at four Padang City Health Centers. Data collection tool using a questionnaire. The data analysis method used is chi-square at the 95% level of confidence. The results of the study show that none of the respondents used RTK. Knowledge, attitude, parity, mileage, and health insurance are not related to the use of maternity waiting homes (RTK). It is recommended to the Padang City Health Office to carry out routine supervision of the implementation of work programs related to maternal and child health, especially the use of birth waiting for homes (RTK) in all health centers in Padang City.

Utilization of Maternity Waiting Homes in the Islands: A Study Literature

The maternal mortality rate is still high in Indonesia, especially in the archipelago, and shows a low level of health. A Maternity Waiting Home (MWH) is a place or room near a health facility (hospital, health center, poskesdes) that can be used as a temporary residence for pregnant women and their companions (husband/cadre/shaman/family) for several days while waiting for delivery and a few days after giving birth. A literature review using the narrative literature review method was carried out by synthesizing and analyzing 3 scientific article search engines. Searching for manuscripts on the three search engines found 6 manuscripts that match the specified topic, namely the use of birth waiting homes for mothers in the islands. The results of the literature review showed that several factors influence the use of MWH, including distance to health facilities, travel time, socio-economic conditions of the community, completeness of MWH facilities, and community participation. Efforts to utilize this MWH are expected to increase access to health services, and the number of deliveries to incompetent health care facilities and can reduce cases of complications for pregnant women, maternity mothers, postpartum mothers, and newborns.

#Body goals or #Bopo? Exposure to pregnancy and post-partum related social media images: Effects on the body image and mood of women in the peri-pregnancy period

Women who are pregnant or have recently given birth use social media where they may encounter content promoting appearance ideals or offering more realistic representations of the body during this unique period. To date, little is known regarding the ways in which different social media content may impact the body image and mood of women who are pregnant or postpartum. A sample of 261 participants aged 21–44, mean (SD) age = 31.79 (4.402), were randomly allocated online to view either thin-and-toned ideal or body positive social media content specific to the pregnancy and postpartum period, or a neutral travel condition. Findings revealed that exposure to the body positive images had positive effects on body image relative to the thin-and-toned ideal condition, as well as leading to increases in some indices of positive body image, while the thin-ideal images were harmful. Partial support emerged for the protective roles of body appreciation and low social media-related rumination among women exposed to the thin-and-toned ideal images. Social media content may be harmful or helpful to the body image and mood of pregnant and postpartum women, which is important given the documented relationships between maternal body image, mood, and maternal and infant outcomes.

SOSIALISASI SENAM HAMIL BIRTH BALL DALAM KELAS IBU HAMIL PADA BIDAN

Midwives who are at the forefront of maternal and child health services, must have knowledge, skills and attitudes to be continuous and increasing. One of the innovations that can be applied in antenatal class is pregnancy exercises use of birth ball. Pregnancy exercises use of birth ball is physical exercise therapy for pregnant women use of birth ball as a tool to improve comfort and fitness during pregnancy. Socialization of pregnancy exercises use of birth ball for midwife purpose to increase the knowledge of midwives about the benefits of birth ball and improve the skills of midwifes in providing maternity care to pregnant women so that midwives can teach pregnant women pregnancy exercises use of birth ball . The obvective of this activity is midwives who are directly involved in maternal and child health services and pregnant womenz. The conclusion is socialization of pregnancy exercises use of birth in antenatal class for midwifes is well. Midwifes understand about benefit use of birth ball and can teach pregnant women pregnancy exercises use of birth ball.

Perbedaan Penggunaan Active Birth dengan Metode Birthball dan Hypnobirthing terhadap Lama Inpartu Kala I

Childbirth is a physiological process. In women giving birth, the time span is marked by uterine contractions characterized by pain, regularity, cervical dilatation and cervical effacement. One method of using active birth that has been carried out in Indonesia is the use of birth balls and hypnobirthing as a form of effort to provide maternal care in helping the birth process with evidence base The purpose of this study was to study the differences in the use of active birth with birthball and hypnobirthing methods on the length of the first stage of labor. This type of research is a quasi-experimental with a cross-sectional approach, the research design is Posttest Only Design. The research was conducted in May - December 2020 at the Independent Practice Midwife in Padang City. The sample of this study were primiparous mothers who had gestational age at term (37-42 weeks) and had no complications. The sampling technique used is non-probability sampling, namely purposive sampling. The sample is 20 people, with 10 samples using the birthball technique and 10 samples using the hypnobirthing technique. Data were obtained by using observation sheets. Data were analyzed by univariate and bivariate. Statistical test using Mann-Whitney test. The results showed that the average length of labor in the first stage using birthball was 3.15 ± 0.29 and the average length of labor in the first stage using hypnobirthing was 3.55 ± 0.27. The difference in the mean length of the first stage of labor between the 2 groups was 0.40. the results of statistical tests using the Mann Whitney test obtained p value 0.000 (p 0.05) which means that there is a significant difference in the use of active birth with the birthball method and hypnotherapy for the first stage of labor. It can be concluded that the difference in the the use of active birth with birthball and hypnobirthing methods on the length of the first stage of labor.

Time to First Onset of Chest Binding-Related Symptoms in Transgender Youth.

Most transgender individuals assigned female at birth use chest binding (ie, wearing a tight garment to flatten chest tissue for the purpose of gender expression), often beginning in adolescence, to explore their gender identity. Although binding is often critical for mental health, negative physical side effects, ranging from chronic pain to rib fractures, are common. Time to first onset of symptoms is unknown. A community-engaged, online, cross-sectional survey ("The Binding Health Project") enrolled 1800 assigned female at birth or intersex individuals who had ever used chest binding. Lifetime prevalence of 27 pain, musculoskeletal, neurologic, gastrointestinal, generalized, respiratory, and skin or soft tissue symptoms related to binding was assessed. Nonparametric likelihood estimation methods were used to estimate survival curves. More than one-half (56%) of participants had begun binding by age 21, and 30% had begun by age 18. In 18 of 27 symptoms, the majority of people who go on to experience the event will do so within the first binding-year, but several skin-related and rare but serious outcomes (eg, rib fracture) took longer to occur. Pain presents rapidly but continues to rise in intensity over time, peaking at >5 years of binding. Although many symptoms emerge quickly, others can take years to develop. Individuals and their clinicians can use this information to make informed decisions on how to structure binding practices and top surgery timing while meeting goals related to gender expression and mental health. Access to puberty blockers may delay initiation of binding, preventing binding-related symptoms in youth.

Utilization of antenatal, delivery and postnatal care services in primary healthcare centres in selected rural communities in Delta State, Southern Nigeria.

Background: In Nigeria, there is a dearth of evidence on predictors of maternal care utilization in primary healthcare centres (PHCs). Objective: In this study, we examined the predictors of antenatal care (ANC), delivery care, and postnatal care (PNC) utilization in PHCs in four rural communities in Ughelli North Local Government Area in Delta State, Southern Nigeria. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional household survey which used a pretested structured questionnaire to elicit information from 380 women within the reproductive ages in their homes. Descriptive and predictive analyses were undertaken to assess the prevalence of ANC, delivery care, and PNC in PHCs. The odds for utilizing the three indicators were estimated using multivariate logistic regression. Results: The data revealed that 72.96% (n = 224/380) of the women utilized ANC in PHCs. Among women who reported recent birth, 56.34% (n = 191/339) delivered in PHCs, 4.72% (n = 87/339) in other government hospitals, 13.27% (n = 445/339) in private hospitals and 25.66% (n =87/339) delivered either at home or in the homes of Traditional Birth Attendants. Also, 64.24% (n = 106/339) of women who reported recent birth use PHC for PNC. Women who required to walk for 30 -59 min and ≥ 60 min to the nearest healthcare centre were, respectively, 56% [Odds ratio (OR) = 0.44; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0. 18 -1.04] and (OR = 0.37, 95% CI: 0.19 -0.72) significantly less likely to use PHC for ANC. Those who had primary educational qualification (OR = 0.36; 95% CI: 0.19 –9.76) and at least secondary educational qualifications (OR = 0.43;95% CI: 0.20-1.18) were respectively 64% and 57% significantly less likely to use PHC for delivery care. Attending ANC in PHCs significantly increases the chances of using PHC for both delivery care (OR = 10.52;95% CI: 5.94 -18.61), and PNC (OR = 2.11; 95% CI: 0.99-4.53). Also, using PHC for delivery care (OR = 11.72; 95% CI: 5.14-26.69) is associated with 1,072% increase in the odds to use PHCs for PNC. Conclusion: The study concluded that the rate at which women in the study area deliver at home is high despite proximity to PHCs. Also, the use of PHCs for a lower level of care influences its usage for a higher level of care. The study among other things recommends that quality of care rendered in PHCs should be upgraded and more PHCs should be sited in the study area.

A Collective Impact Organization for Early Childhood: Increasing Access to Quality Care by Uniting Community Sectors

Early childhood collective impact organizations are increasingly being used in communities to support the availability and use of birth to five services for children and families. Collaboration across sectors and services allows for greater ease of access to quality health and education services for families seeking or eligible for such services. Knowledge about the logistics of establishing a CI and the activities that lead to sustainment is critical for lasting impact; however, research documenting these aspects of early childhood collective impact models is scarce. This single-case design details how an early childhood collective impact model united stakeholders across a community to create a collaborative system of early care services. Findings offer insight into guiding principles that can serve to initiate and ultimately support collective impact endeavors for the purpose of improving early care and school readiness for children.

A study on the performance measures of the non-Markovian model of optional types of service with extended vacation, reneging process and service interruption followed by phases of repair

In this study on a non-Markovian queuing framework, clients arriving in batches follow a Poisson distribution. All the arriving clients have the alternative of picking any of the N sorts of services rendered. Service time follows general distribution. In addition, the system breaks down at random. Hence the server gets into repair process of two phases based on the fault, in first phase general repair is carried out. Then in the second phase repair based on the category is followed. Likewise after the system ends up with service, the server will go for a necessary vacation. In addition, an optional extended vacation is followed. In this vacation time, maintenance work is carried out. An additional aspect of reneging happens during the time of break down and vacation due to impatience of the customers. By the use of birth and death queuing process the conditions overseeing the model is framed. The probability generating queue size and queuing execution measures of the model are derived. The legitimisation of the model is finished by methods for numerical illustration. The graphical portrayal gives a reasonable picture about the procedure. Also, it gives significant thoughts for decrease the system break down, reneging and for the advance of the system speedier.

The Impact of Birth Ball Exercises on Mode of Delivery and Length of Labor: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background & aim: Recently, the use of birth ball in childbirth has been widely considered. This review study aimed to critically evaluate the evidence regarding the effect of using the birth ball on the mode of delivery and length of labor. Methods: For the purpose of the study, the articles related to the subject of interest and published up to August 5th, 2018 were searched in several scientific databases, including Cochrane library, CENTRAL, and PubMed. This review included all randomized control trials evaluating the use of birth ball for giving birth. Two study outcomes were considered in the present study, namely the type of delivery and length of labor stages. Finally, five studies were entered into the systematic review and meta-analysis. The risk of bias was calculated by means of the Cochrane’s tool. Results: The included studies had a different range of quality, mostly lower than the standard level. The results of the reviewed articles revealed that the group who used birth ball had shorter active labor phase, as compared to the control group (P=0.048). However, the use of birth had no statistically significant effect on the length of the second stage of labor (P=0.128). In addition, using birth ball did not increase the chance of vaginal delivery (P=0.922). Conclusion: Given the findings of the present study, it is essential to perform further high-quality studies with more scientific design to provide clinical evidence on the use of birth ball as a maternity service.

Childhood Health and Prenatal Exposure to Seasonal Food Scarcity in Ethiopia

There is growing empirical support that poor maternal nutrition during pregnancy can lead to permanent fetal adaptations that affect health throughout a child’s life. Most of the evidence stems from evaluating the impact of extreme prenatal deprivations due to atypical events such as droughts or floods. However, less is known about the magnitude of effects due to more normal variations in food availability. This study estimates the impact of prenatal exposure to seasonal food scarcity on the evolution of childhood health for a cohort of Ethiopian children born in 2001–02. A novel measure of seasonal exposure was constructed based on reported months of relative food scarcity in the local community collected shortly after birth. While exposure was found to have little effect on child height at age one, a larger and statistically significant negative impact emerges by age eight and strengthens by age twelve. Effects in early childhood also appear to be latent from the view of parents with little evidence of remedial investments in exposed children after birth. We conclude that mild prenatal nutritional deprivations could have significant impacts on long-term health and well-being even if effects are small or unobserved in early childhood. This implies caution against the common use of birth and early-life outcomes as the sole evaluation tools for mild prenatal insults or interventions. Overall, results highlight that in addition to the effects of severe famine conditions identified in many studies, more typical variation in prenatal food availability can have lasting impacts on health in the developing world.

Evaluation of the Sensitivity and Accuracy of Birth Defects Indicators on the 2003 Revision of the U.S. Birth Certificate: Has Data Quality Improved?

The 2003 revision of the U.S. Birth Certificate was restricted to birth defects readily identifiable at birth. Despite being the lone source of birth defects cases in some studies, we lack population-based information on the quality of birth defects data from the most recent revision of the birth certificate. We linked birth certificate data to confirmed cases from the Florida Birth Defects Registry (FBDR) to assess the sensitivity and positive predictive value (PPV) of birth defects indicators on the birth certificate. Descriptive statistics and log-binomial regression were used to examine variation in data quality measures by defect type and other characteristics. We also evaluated the contribution of birth certificates as a case ascertainment source for the FBDR. Sensitivity of the birth certificate was poor (19.1%) with variation across defects ranging from 55% for anencephaly and 54% for gastroschisis, to <10% for other defects. PPV was better (87.1%) and ranged from >93% for orofacial clefts and gastroschisis to <55% for anencephaly and limb reduction defects. We also observed variation in data quality across maternal, infant, and hospital characteristics. Of cases identified by the birth certificate and not any other FBDR data source, 54.9% were false-positive diagnoses. Efforts to restrict the 2003 revision of the birth certificate to defects identifiable at birth have not improved the likelihood that birth certificates will identify infants born with those defects. We do not recommend the use of birth certificates as a source of birth defects data without case verification strategies.

Community-based birth waiting homes in Northern Sierra Leone: Factors influencing women's use

Objectiveto explore the factors influencing women's use of birth waiting homes in the Northern Bombali district, Sierra Leone. Designthis was a descriptive exploratory study using qualitative research methodology, which included in depth interviews, key informant interviews, focus group discussions, document review and observations. Settingtwo chiefdoms in the Northern Bombali district, Sierra Leone. Participanteight interviews were conducted with women who had delivered in the past one year and used birth waiting homes; eight key informant interviews with a project manager, birth waiting homes hosts, and community members; thirteen women who delivered in the past year without using birth waiting homes (four interviews and two focus group discussions). Findingsthere are several factors influencing the use of birth waiting homes (BWHs) including: past experience of childbirth, promotion of the birth waiting homes by traditional birth attendance, distance and costs of transport to the homes, child care and other family commitments, family's views of the importance of the homes, the costs of food during women's stay, and information given to women and families about when and how to use the homes. Key conclusions and implications for practicesome barriers, especially those related to family commitments and costs of food, are challenging to solve. In order to make a BWH a user-friendly and viable option, it may be necessary to adjust ways in which BWHs are used. Good linkage with the health system is strength of the programme. However, further strengthening of community participation in monitoring and managing the BWHs is needed for the long term success and sustainability of the BWHs.

Averting A ‘Group Grope’ Response To Public Health Catastrophes

Averting A ‘Group Grope’ Response To Public Health Catastrophes

Increased Prevalence of Behavioral Risks Among Adolescent and Young Adult Women With Psychological Distress in the Emergency Department

Mental health problems in adolescents have been recognized as a significant medical concern. They have been associated with risk-taking behaviors during adolescence. To determine the prevalence of elevated scores for psychological distress among adolescent girls aged 15 to 21 years who present to a pediatric emergency department (PED) for general medical care and to correlate psychological distress scores with sexual and substance use behaviors. The study was performed in the PED of an urban general hospital. We enrolled female patients aged 15 to 21 years cared for in the PED. Subjects completed the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale 8 (CES-D8); elevated scores were defined as 7 or greater. The survey collected data on demographics, sexual practices, alcohol and drug use, and health care access and utilization. Two hundred ninety-nine subjects participated. One hundred forty-one participants (47.7%) had CES-D8 scores of 7 or greater. In multivariate logistic regression, factors associated with increased emotional distress were being white, Hispanic, or of other race; having a recent new sex partner; and recent sex without birth control. Alcohol use in the past 3 months was associated with elevated distress as was having a distant relationship with one's parents/guardians. Those who had never had sex or who had sex in the past but not within the past 3 months were also more likely to have elevated CES-D8 scores compared with those who had sex more recently with the use of birth control. Screening for mental health issues in the emergency department may identify a significant number of adolescent patients in need of further evaluation, especially as half of surveyed patients reported the PED as a usual source of health care.

Reliability of variables on the North Carolina birth certificate: a comparison with directly queried values from a cohort study

Birth records are an important source of data for examining population-level birth outcomes, but questions about the reliability of these vital records exist. We sought to assess the reliability of birth certificate data by comparing them with data from a large prospective cohort. Pregnancy, Infection, and Nutrition cohort study participants were matched with their birth certificates to assess agreement for maternal demographics, health behaviours, previous pregnancies and major pregnancy events. Agreement among categorical variables was assessed using percentage agreement and kappa statistics; for continuous variables, Spearman's correlations and concordance correlation coefficients were used. The majority of variables had high agreement between the two data sources, especially for maternal demographic and birth outcome variables. Variables measuring anaemia, gestational diabetes and alcohol consumption showed the lowest correlations. Number of cigarettes smoked and number of previous pregnancies differed by education categories. For most variables, birth records appear to be a good source of reliable information. With the exception of a few variables that differed by education, most variables did not differ by stratum of race or education. Our research further supports the use of birth certificates as a reliable source of population-level data.

The Role of Birth Certificates in Relation to Access to Biographical and Genetic History in Donor Conception

AbstractIn 1984, among its recommendations for the regulation of assisted conception services in the UK, the Warnock Committee proposed that the birth certificate of a donor-conceived person should record the fact of donor conception. While this proposal was never implemented, over twenty years later, a Joint Committee of the House of Lords and House of Commons recommended the use of birth certificates as a means of enabling donor–conceived persons to learn the nature of their conception. In response, the Government has committed to review the role of birth certificates. This paper represents an initial contribution to this exercise. It provides an overview of the legislative, policy and practice context of disclosure of donor conception, outlines arguments against and in favour of potential changes to birth certificates, and describes and critiques current propositions for revising birth certification. The paper concludes that there is a case for revising birth certificates and outlines a workable model to promote disclosure without compromising privacy concerns.

Trends That Will Affect Your Future …: And Nary a Drop to Drink

There is growing empirical support that poor maternal nutrition during pregnancy can lead to permanent fetal adaptations that affect health throughout a child’s life. Most of the evidence stems from evaluating the impact of extreme prenatal deprivations due to atypical events such as droughts or floods. However, less is known about the magnitude of effects due to more normal variations in food availability. This study estimates the impact of prenatal exposure to seasonal food scarcity on the evolution of childhood health for a cohort of Ethiopian children born in 2001–02. A novel measure of seasonal exposure was constructed based on reported months of relative food scarcity in the local community collected shortly after birth. While exposure was found to have little effect on child height at age one, a larger and statistically significant negative impact emerges by age eight and strengthens by age twelve. Effects in early childhood also appear to be latent from the view of parents with little evidence of remedial investments in exposed children after birth. We conclude that mild prenatal nutritional deprivations could have significant impacts on long-term health and well-being even if effects are small or unobserved in early childhood. This implies caution against the common use of birth and early-life outcomes as the sole evaluation tools for mild prenatal insults or interventions. Overall, results highlight that in addition to the effects of severe famine conditions identified in many studies, more typical variation in prenatal food availability can have lasting impacts on health in the developing world.

Invited Commentary: Two Studies of Genetic Control of Birth Weight Where Large Data Sets Were Available

Physical size at birth (primarily birth weight) is a key predictor of infant mortality and morbidity and may serve as a predictor of risk to chronic disease in adulthood. By use of birth records, it is sometimes possible to accumulate large, even massive, data sets that can permit analyses to separate genetic and environmental factors controlling variation in the complex phenotype, birth weight. Two studies of birth records, one from Norway and one from Lebanon, demonstrate how hospital- or registry-based data sets can be used to address fundamental questions about genetic control. The Medical Birth Registry of Norway has birth certificate data dating back to 1967 and allowed nuclear families to be reconstructed by linking children and their parents. Path models were used to estimate heritability of head circumference, along with birth weight and length for over 100,000 reconstructed families. A hospital-based study of birth records in Beirut, Lebanon, collected information on over 10,000 births, including sufficient numbers of marriages between first and second cousins to estimate inbreeding effects. Both of these studies confirm that birth weight is not simply due to the direct effects of the baby's genes but is a complex phenotype reflecting the effects of maternal genes and environments.