Use Of Biometric Technologies Research Articles

Biometric Breakthroughs for Sustainable Travel: Transforming Public Transportation through Secure Identification

This study investigates the use of biometric technology in public transit to improve trip safety and effectiveness. The incorporation of biometric technology into transit networks improves efficiency and security but also poses substantial challenges of privacy, standardisation, and public acceptability. Conducted via a poll of 25 specialists in Lithuania, the objective was to assess the level of acceptability and practicality of using biometric identification for both drivers and passengers. The results suggest a divided view about the specific demographic that biometric applications should target. However, there is agreement on the considerable potential of these technologies to enhance transportation safety. Face recognition has been the favoured approach due to its non-intrusive nature and simplicity of integration. The statistical research demonstrated significant positive correlations between different biometric approaches, indicating that a multimodal strategy is effective for providing full security coverage. The research highlights the significance of resolving privacy issues, emphasising that public acceptability depends on the open management and strong safeguarding of biometric data. The findings support the deliberate use of biometric technologies in sustainable public transportation, emphasising their ability to improve safety, optimise operations, and even revolutionise the passenger experience. This emphasises the equitable examination of technology, security, and privacy in the progress of sustainable public transportation systems. Biometric technology in public transport, especially for monitoring driver health and ensuring passenger safety, is supported by experts as a means to enhance service quality, reduce accidents, and optimize route planning.

Determinants of consumer adoption of biometric technologies in mobile financial applications

This study aims to identify what determines the use of biometric technologies in the financial applications of banks and FinTechs. The analysis uses data from a survey of 1,000 adult Polish residents. The estimated logit model indicates that the probability of using biometric solutions decreases with age and increases with the level of education and technological sophistication relating to personal innovativeness, experience with biometric technology, and the use of digital technology in both financial and non-financial areas. The work identifies the COVID-19 pandemic as a factor accelerating the adoption of biometric solutions and fostering awareness of the threat of digital technologies invading respondents’ privacy. The study demonstrates the positive impact of trust that phone manufacturers ensure the security of stored funds and data processing on the acceptance of biometric solutions in financial services. This relationship underpins the recommendation to financial institutions in the field of promoting biometric technologies.

Identity and War: The Role of Biometrics in the Russia-Ukraine Crisis

On February 24, 2022, Russia launched a full-scale invasion of Ukraine. While many experts have examined the conflict from geopolitical, economic, and humanitarian angles, few have formally studied biometric technologies' role in the conflict. Our analytical survey helps fill this gap. On one hand, the faces and fingerprints of refugees are being used to protect the national security of asylum countries in what has become the worst refugee crisis since WWII. Biometric passports simplify travel for Ukrainian refugees to countries in the European Union through a visa-free traveling regime. Meanwhile, the United Nations (UN) uses fingerprinting to distribute cash aid to eligible Ukrainian refugees securely. Biometrics may also become a potent weapon for fighting the war-exacerbated human trafficking crisis in Ukraine. On the other hand, refugees applying for Canadian, UK, and other visas were subject to long waiting times to fulfill the biometric registration requirement of the visa application. Biometrics were also forcefully collected from Ukrainians deported to Russia from Russian-occupied territories in Ukraine. Meanwhile, Russia uses public face recognition to identify, arrest, and prosecute anti-war activists. From the refugee crisis to the battlefield to information warfare, our work analyzes reports of how the use of biometric technologies has impacted the ongoing conflict. We also present potential solutions to problems stemming from the use of biometrics during the ongoing conflict. Our examination of the conflict through a lens of biometrics applications can help researchers and analysts deepen their comprehension of the ongoing war as well as other and future conflicts. The information presented here is current as of the time of the writing. The reader interested in the subject presented here is highly encouraged to follow the latest reports and analyses from the sources tracking the conflict

The use of biometric technologies in ensuring critical infrastructure security: the context of protecting personal data

The use of biometric technologies in ensuring critical infrastructure security: the context of protecting personal data

Securing the Future? IDentity and Security among Migrants, Policymakers, and Tech Developers

As an attempt to ensure national security, there has been an increased use of biometric technologies in recent years. These involve a wide range of technologically mediated practices which format and digitalize bodily attributes such as fingerprints, iris and face, for the registration and verification of the identity of individuals. While biometrics are used in a wide range of settings and assume an increasingly important regulating role in society, their use is particularly salient in the tracking of movements and identification of migrants. Building on multi-sited ethnographic fieldwork, this article seeks to explore the importance of- and desire for security and its entanglement with the production of identities among Somali migrants, European Union policy makers and tech developers. We are particularly interested in the various ways in which what we call biometric “IDentities” are negotiated, as borders have become ubiquitous and extend into the far corners of society. In the article, we argue that the relationship between security and biometric technologies is important for both Somali migrants, tech developers and policy makers albeit in very different ways. The practices emerging from such entanglements are all informed by contextual and sociocultural understandings and negotiations of security and identity along multiple lines. Additionally, we argue that security plays a prominent role despite these actors’ very different positions in the biometric border world.

Digital innovation and human rights: dilemmas in international law enforcement practice

The subject of the study is the legal nature of personal data, as well as a set of legal norms governing relations in the field of their processing and circulation in the Russian Federation and foreign countries. The article uses a comparative method, a system analysis method, as well as a forecasting method.The purpose of the article is to confirm or refute the hypotheses about the further strengthening of the contradictions between the emergence and implementation of new technologies for processing personal data versus ensuring the protection of human rights, as well as the expediency and possibility of using foreign legislative experience in domestic practice to counter these threats and reduce the risks arising from this and damage.Main results, scope. The article examines the legislative experience of legal regulation of the types, scope, and nature of personal data in the People's Republic of China, the United States of America, the Republic of Belarus, and the Russian Federation. At the same time, Chinese legislation most quickly responds to the challenges of the criminal use of biometric technologies, American legal norms are less acceptable for our practice due to the peculiarities of case law, and Belarusian law has only recently entered into force, opening the era of legal regulation in this area. The facts of the use of new technologies (such as deepfake) for the processing of biometric information for criminal purposes and the problems of law enforcement in this area, as well as legal disputes of citizens who have suffered damage from the use of these technologies, are analyzed. It is predicted that it will be impossible to fully ensure the protection of human rights in the context of the emergence of new technologies for processing personal data. The importance of the desire to predict threats to the protection of personal information at the stage of emergence of new technologies for processing personal data in order to neutralize them in a timely manner is indicated.Conclusion. An analysis of the legislation of foreign countries will make it possible to give preference to the Chinese experience, which promptly counteracts the risks of using new technologies for criminal purposes. An analysis of domestic and global law enforcement practice will make it possible to predict the spread of new ways of committing crimes, the misuse of personal data, and vulnerabilities in their storage and protection. At the same time, excessive restrictions on access to data, their processing and their circulation can make it difficult for law enforcement agencies to solve the tasks of ensuring state security and the protection of public order. It requires constant monitoring of threats and risks and timely technical and legal response to their manifestation. The purpose of the study has been achieved, ways to improve legislation in order to protect human rights in the context of the introduction of digital innovations in all spheres of human activity are proposed. Security, combating crime.

Perception of government employees on the use of biometric technology in determining a person’s ethnic group in Nigeria

Selected biometric technologies such as iris, face, gait, voice, etc. are widely used for the recognition of individuals. This paper presents a biometric technology perception by members of staff from government agencies in Nigeria, namely: the National Identity Management Commission and Joint Admission Matriculation Board, on the use of selected technology for ethnicity recognition. The study was conducted using the quantitative method. Data were collected from the staff of selected agencies. Fingerprint, facial, and iris biometrics were selected for this experiment. Using the modified Technology Acceptance Model framework, results from the experiment showed the perception of staff on selected technologies in ethnicity recognition. Results show that technology enhanced job effectiveness, the majority of respondents agreed that fingerprint and facial biometrics would improve ethnicity detection; hence they were a popular choice for ethnicity recognition. The study showed that determining ethnicity from iris biometric would be difficult as the majority do not see the iris as a means of identifying a particular ethnic group. Five different hypotheses were tested to determine compatibility, ease of use, and attitude towards use (ATU) of the selected technology. Results showed that selected biometrics can effectively determine an ethnic group with a significance value at 0.000.

БІОМЕТРИЧНЕ МАЙБУТНЄ АВТЕНТИФІКАЦІЇ КОРИСТУВАЧІВ ФІНАНСОВИХ ПОСЛУГ

The article discusses biometric technologies, which allow not only to ensure the proper level of security of financial transactions, but also to speed up the process of customer service both in traditional branches and through remote service channels. A few years ago, in order to attract new customers, it was enough for banks to offer them cheaper products and services. Today the situation is rapidly changing, users prefer convenience and reliability. The most common types of biometric data used in the financial sector include facial image, fingerprints, hand geometry and iris pattern. This data can be used to identify customers in online banking, to provide access to financial services on self-service devices and at bank branches, and to gain access to safe deposit boxes. The most popular in the banking sector is two-factor authentication using a PIN code or one-time password and biometrics, which ensures the highest level of data security and access control. The problem of internal fraud and unauthorized access to data through employee accounts is relevant for financial institutions around the world. Also biometrics is able to play an increasingly important role in the global fight against different forms of terrorism, namely in countering fraud, identity theft and other criminal offenses committed by terrorists in order to support their activities. Banks are looking for solutions that can protect their internal data infrastructure and are increasingly opting for biometric technologies. However, of course, biometric technologies’ usage can have more advantages than risks of using. The use of biometric technologies for employee authorization ensures the necessary level of data security and access control to sensitive information, and also provides enough opportunities for monitoring the work of employees of a financial institution. One of the most reliable means of user authentication is biometrics. Biometric data cannot be tampered with, stolen or otherwise used without the knowledge of the bearer. The use of biometric data for authentication on self-service devices provides a high level of security and reduces the time of the transaction, relieves users of the need to carry payment means with them, remember passwords or a PIN code from a card, etc.

The use of biometric technology at airports: The case of customs and border protection (CBP)

Biometrics in an airport environment can provide a contactless way of identity verification. U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) has been trialling and implementing the Biometric Entry Exit Program at U.S. Customs and Border Control (CBP). Using the Traveller Verification System (TVS), the program biometrically confirms the traveller's identity and their entry or exit, with an increased ability to detect fraudulent documents and visa overstays. This paper assesses the Biometric Exit Program to analyse the use of biometrics at airports and identify the challenges faced. An analysis is conducted on the Entry Exit Program at Dublin Airport, including facial recognition boarding gates. Pilot test results from Dublin Airport and other U.S. airports are used to identify challenges. These included a gap in stakeholder support, low biometric matching rate, infrastructure and network connectivity issues, privacy concerns amongst travellers, and heavy reliance on airlines. Recommendations and solutions for advancement are provided.

CONCEPTUAL ASPECTS OF THE USE OF BIBLIOMETRIC TECHNOLOGIES IN THE FIELD OF COUNTERACTION TO CRIMINAL OFFENSES IN THE AIRLINE INDUSTRY

The article specifies that systematic and complex scientific researches on problems of the use of bibliometric technologies in preventive activity regarding detection and neutralization of threats to entities-facilities of air transport, companies staff, institutions and organizations which work in this field have not been considered yet. The results of researches and scientific papers of representatives of the Ukrainian forensic community had been analyzed, which determined the need for theoretical-legal and forensic research in the field of identification and verification of a person with the use of biometric technologies to solve tasks of counteraction to crime and civilian tasks of managerial and controlling content. The article purpose is to define current problems of the development of the newest directions of biometric technologies use in counteraction to criminal and other types of offenses; formation of theoretical principles of algorithmization of the use of biometric technologies in preventive activity.
 The use of the complex of general and special research methods has made it possible to identify factors and content of reasons and conditions for solving the present day tasks with the use of biometric technologies in security and preventive activities. Such approach has helped to draw the conclusion that the most promising directions of biometric technologies application are: security guaranteeing and ensuring access control to certain areas and space activity facilities; creation of a person identification systems; introduction of reliable and economic means of delimitation of access to the territory of facilities, buildings and internal premises of space activity entities; efficiency and personnel management; information protection of multifunctional user identification systems in information networks, operating systems, various add-ons for typical software.

Использование биометрических технологий в избирательном процессе: возможности и ограничения

The article examines the prospects, as well as the limitations associated with the possible use of biometric technologies in the electoral process of the Russian Federation, in particular, the inaccessibility of centers that collect biometric data, low awareness of citizens, failure of biometric technologies. The article analyzes the risks that can lead to unlawful deprivation of voters’ constitutional rights to participate in elections and referendums. In the end, it is concluded that it is necessary to provide legal guarantees for observing the electoral rights of citizens and the right to participate in a referendum, in particular, to establish a procedure for fixing the facts of technical violations that do not allow identifying voters and making a decision on admitting such voters to voting. This procedure is designed to guarantee the observance of the electoral rights of citizens in conditions of impossibility of biometric identification due to technical violations.

ACCOUNTING OF WAGES WITH THE USE OF BIOMETRICS TO ENSURE CYBERSECURITY OF ENTERPRISES

Abstract. Modern conditions of growing cyber threats caused by the hybrid conflicts around the world and looming biological threat of the COVID-19 pandemic necessitate the introduction of biometric authentication of employees, leading to the transformation in the methodology and organization of accounting at enterprises. The procedure for accounting and control of time worked and wages of the employees is the first to undergo changes due to the forcibly limited access of employees to the enterprise data and premises, which determines the topicality and aims of this research. The aim of the article is to investigate the prospects for monitoring the working time and movement of employees on the premises (facilities) of the enterprise with the use of biometric technology in order to develop the methodology of automation of the accounting of payments made to employees and to ensure the cybersecurity of economic entities. The prospects of using an automated employee checkpoint system based on biometrics for the purposes of accounting and control are explored. The paper improves the methodology of accounting and control over the working time and wages of employees based on the automated employee authentication system using data on the time spent on premises and performance of job functions. Recommendations are made on ensuring biological and cyber security of enterprises in terms of categorizing the enterprise premises and equipment according to their functions and level of access to information and material flows. The research examines the prospects of accounting for the employee costs, as well as accurate distribution of overhead and other costs based on data of the biometric employee authentication system. It is advised to conduct further research into the peculiarities of methodology and organization of accounting under conditions of distance and isolated job performance by accounting employees, as it raises the requirements to cybersecurity of enterprises. Keywords: accounting, working time, wages (salary), biometrics, employee authentication, automation of accounting and control, cybersecurity, COVID-19. JEL Classification M41, M49 Formulas: 0; fig.: 2; tabl.: 1; bibl.: 18.

Multi-Modal Biometrics Systems: Concepts, Strengths, Challenges and Solutions

Authentication is a very important aspect of computer security. Most systems employ strategies such as Password-based authentication, Multi-factor authentication, Certificate based authentication which are accompanied with a lot ofchallenges. To address this issue, most security systems have introduced the use of biometrics for authentication. Unimodal biometrics systems have many limitations regarding performance and accuracy. The use of Multimodal biometrics systems for authentication is recently attracting the attention of researchers due to its capacity to overcome most of the drawbacks of Unimodal biometric systems. This paper focuses on the use of biometric technology for authentication. The strengths of multimodal biometric systems, together with the challenges of multimodal biometric systems are presented. The paper also suggests solutions to the challenges of multimodal biometric systems.

227-OR: Physical Activity and Glucose Control among Youth with T1D

Background: Challenges with exercise related glucose control in type 1 diabetes (T1D) may impact adherence to guidelines which recommend 60 minutes daily of moderate to vigorous intensity aerobic activity for youth ages 6-17 years. We examined the association between physical activity and glucose control in youth with T1D. Methods: Interstitial glucose data from flash continuous glucose monitors (CGM, Abbott Diabetes Care’s Freestyle Libre Pro Flash Glucose Monitor) and physical activity data (Metria IH1 activity patch) were objectively measured. Data from 52 youth 9-17 years old with a median diabetes duration of 6 years (IQR: 3 to 8) and mean (±SD) HbA1c of 9.1 ± 1.5% were analyzed. Partial Pearson’s correlation coefficients adjusting for age, gender, and baseline HbA1c were used to assess the association between daily physical activity and glucose control; the primary analysis used a linear regression model adjusted for age, gender, and baseline HbA1c. Results: Participants with higher average energy expenditure, as measured by metabolic equivalent minutes (MET-min), on their active days had higher average % time in range (TIR: 70-180 mg/dL) in the 24 hours after exercise than participants with lower average MET-min on active days (p<0.001). For individuals with <200 average daily MET-min, TIR was 26% ± 21%, while TIR was 34% ± 14% for those with 200 to <600 average MET-min, and 49% ± 14% for those with ≥600 average MET-min. Percent time >180 mg/dL decreased with increased activity (p=0.002). Activity was significantly associated with lower mean glucose (p=0.02) without an increase in % time <70 mg/dL or % time <54 mg/dL. Conclusions: Among youth with T1D, objectively measured physical activity levels are associated with improved glucose control and decreased hyperglycemia. Use of biometric technology, such as activity trackers, may motivate youth to be more physically active, but integration with other diabetes-specific technologies, such as CGM and insulin pumps, may offer solutions for improved blood sugar management. Disclosure J. Gal: None. Z. Li: None. S. M. Willi: Advisory Panel; Self; Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Medtronic, Other Relationship; Self; National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. M. Riddell: Advisory Panel; Self; Zealand Pharma A/S, Consultant; Self; Lilly Diabetes, Research Support; Self; Dexcom, Inc., Insulet Corporation, Speaker’s Bureau; Self; Novo Nordisk Inc., Sanofi, Stock/Shareholder; Self; Zucara Therapeutics Inc. Funding The Leona M. and Harry B. Helmsley Charitable Trust

The use of biometric technologies for bank transaction security management against the background of the international experience: Evidence from Ukraine

In view of the expanding range of banking services in Ukraine, the issue of introducing innovative means of protecting consumers against illegal actions in the field of banking becomes relevant. This paper aims to determine the effectiveness of biometric technologies for customer identification during banking transactions, the legality of their use, and to identify areas for the development of state policy focused on the legal use of biometric data in order to protect the rights and legitimate interests of individuals and legal entities. Based on analysis and systematization of scientific publications and regulatory framework, it was found that a potential direction for banks to implement the customer focus concept in their services to establish the appropriate level of security is the use of biometric technologies that ensure the proper storage of personal data. The summarized information on the actual application of biometric identification methods in the banking sector allows stating that the factors stipulating the criminal offenses using biometric data can be neutralized by the subjects of counteracting such offenses and through effective legal remedies. Contradictions arising between the state of regulatory support and the actual needs for the use of biometric technologies in the field of banking in Ukraine decelerate the use of effective security tools with a high degree of reliability in the banking sector. It is concluded that further implementation of biometrics in the banking sector in Ukraine requires a comprehensive approach and consideration of the best world practices.

Biometric technologies for security of banking operations in Ukraine and foreign countrie

The issue of introduction of innovative means of consumer protection against illegal actions in the field of banking is becomingrelevant in connection with the expansion of the range of banking services in Ukraine. The article summarizes the status and prospects of using biometric identification methods in the banking sector in Ukraine and abroad. Analysis and systematization of scientific publicationsand legal framework revealed that a potential direction of the concept of customer orientation of banks is the use of biometrictechnologies in the provision of services that ensure high-quality preservation of personal data of customers. It is stated that in Ukrainethere is a need to strengthen both technological and legal mechanisms for the protection of biometric data for the needs of the bankingsector. One of the factors that significantly complicates the implementation of biometrics in banks is the lack of technical capabilities.However, there is a gradual dynamics contained in the testing of various methods of biometric identification in banking institutions.Contradictions that arise between the actual needs of the use of biometric technologies in the field of banking by the state of regu -latory and legal support in Ukraine slow down the use of effective security tools with a high degree of reliability in the banking sector.Appropriate regulatory regulation of the use of biometric technologies for identification purposes will promote the development of thesetechnologies by strengthening the confidence of consumers of banking services, as well as competition of biometric algorithms in thepresence of unified standards and requirements. Factors that shape the conditions for committing criminal offenses using biometric datacan be neutralized by effective legal means, as well as by the relevant actors in combating these offenses. It is concluded that the introductionof biometrics for the banking sector in the future in Ukraine requires taking into account the leading international experienceon these issues and an integrated approach.

Patenting trends in biometric technology of the Big Five patent offices

We examined the overall trends in biometric technology based on patent documents. Using PATSTAT database, we extracted 37,462 patent documents applied at the Big Five patent offices between 1990 and 2016. Latent Dirichlet allocation was applied to their abstracts to observe annual trends by topic. Our results are as follows: Fingerprint-enabled car anti-theft systems have been undergoing rapid technological development since 2014. In response, biometric signal transmitting models are becoming popular owing to concerns about theft of biometric templates. While fingerprint, face, and iris authentication technologies continue to advance, finger vein, voice, and signature authentication technologies are lagging. Use of biometric technologies in financial transactions, server networks, and digital media content security are decreasing as well. A citation analysis discovered key topics and patent applicants: Surprisingly, the quantitative growth rate of topics and the effect on the knowledge network showed an inverse relationship. US firms had the most citations, but fewer backward citations of own work, unlike Japanese companies. We provide practical insights to stakeholders of biometric technology.

Enhanced Attendance Monitoring System using Biometric Fingerprint Recognition

In this study, an enhanced attendance monitoring system using biometric fingerprint recognition in tracking and monitoring employees’ attendances for Callang National High School, District 04, San Manuel, Isabela was introduced. For most organizations, handling people is a daunting job in which it is very important to maintain an accurate record of attendance. Taking and maintaining the attendance of employee manually on a regular basis is a big activity that requires time. For this reason an effective system was designed. The system was designed and developed primarily to improve the monitoring of employees attendances and leave management through the use of biometric technology. It records the data of the employees, handles leave management, tracks employee attendance and encourages participation through fingerprint recognition. The system is equipped with a dashboard monitoring system that can be viewed by school heads to track the list of employees, early birds (employees who arrived early), on-leave staff, on-official business and a statistical graph of the monthly attendance rate of employees. Moreover, the system provides an auto-generated DTR for employees which saved time compared to the manual process. The innovation greatly affects the improvement of employees’ attendance through its automated attendance monitoring, leave management and report generated by the system. The impact of EAMS to the employees was identified through first quarter attendance report of SY 2028-2019 which served as a bases of comparison with the attendance rate of SY 2019-2020 when the system was implemented. The outcome shows that through the usage of the system, employees’ attendance has improved.

Protection of Students’ Personal Data in Times of Development of Biometric Technologies as a Challenge for Universities in Poland

Abstract Biometric technologies have been gaining popularity lately. An increasing number of enterprises and public entities worldwide are using them for security measures. Many universities in the European Union have also begun to recognise the benefits of implementing biometric systems in their organisations, and it is just a matter of time before universities in Poland join them as well. However, biometric data used by such systems are especially sensitive as they may reveal intimate information about data subjects. As such, they are counted among special categories of personal data, the processing of which is in principle prohibited by art. 9 (1) GPDR. Furthermore, the processing of students’ personal data demands special care from universities as they are vulnerable data subjects. Students are namely subordinate to university authorities, which significantly limits their scope of autonomy. Therefore, the use of biometric technologies poses a challenge for universities in Poland. The following article aims to present the main reasons why students are vulnerable data subjects and which legal grounds provided by GDPR are most suitable for processing their biometric data by universities.

Fingerprint liveness detection through fusion of pores perspiration and texture features

Spoofing attacks on the fingerprint scanners become major and serious concern with the growing development and use of biometric technologies. Level 1 and Level 2 features; which are said to be unique and most commonly used features in fingerprint verification systems, are easily get spoofed. Moreover, single feature based specifically designed spoof detection methods are not performed well on different fingerprint scanners and spoofing materials. This paper proposed the fusion of pores perspiration and texture features in static software based approach to identify live and fake fingerprints. The pores perspiration activity is quantified by computing the ridge signal energy and gray level distributions around the detected pores. These pore characteristics are statically determined instead of dynamic measurement. Autoencoder neural network is used to reduce the high dimensional feature vector and learn its low dimensional hidden representation unsupervisedly. The binary classification in two classes: live and spoof is performed by the supervisedly trained softmax classifier. The performance of the classifier is evaluated in terms of Average Classification Error (ACE) and misclassification rates: FerrLive and FerrFake. The experimental results carried out on LivDet 2013 and LivDet 2015 databases show the improvement of the classifier performance in comparison to the state-of-the-art methods.